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USA

Riverside is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, located in the Inland Empire metropolitan area. Riverside is the county seat of the eponymous county and named for its location beside the Santa Ana River.[9] It is the most populous city in the Inland Empire as well as Riverside County, and is located approximately 60 miles (97 km) east of Los Angeles.[10]} It is also part of the Greater Los Angeles area. Riverside is the 59th most populous city in the United States and 12th most populous city in California. As of the 2010 Census, Riverside had a population of 303,871.

Riverside was founded in the early 1870s and is the birthplace of the California citrus industry as well as home of the Mission Inn, the largest Mission Revival Style building in the United States.[11] It is also home to the Riverside National Cemetery.

The University of California, Riverside, is located in the northeastern part of the city. The university also hosts the Riverside Sports Complex. Other attractions in Riverside include the Fox Performing Arts Center, Riverside Metropolitan Museum, which houses exhibits and artifacts of local history, the California Museum of Photography, the California Citrus State Historic Park, and the Parent Washington Navel Orange Tree, the last of the two original navel orange trees in California.[12]

History
Main article: History of Riverside, California

In the late 1700s and early 1800s, the area was inhabited by Cahuilla and the Serrano people. Californios such as Bernardo Yorba and Juan Bandini established ranches during the first half of the 19th century. In the 1860s, Louis Prevost launched the California Silk Center Association, a short-lived experiment in sericulture. In the wake of its failure, John W. North purchased some of its land and formed the Southern California Colony Association to promote the area's development. In March 1870, North distributed posters announcing the formation of a colony in California.[13] North, a staunch temperance-minded abolitionist from Tennessee, had previously founded Northfield, Minnesota. A few years after, the navel orange was planted and found to be such a success that full-scale planting started. Riverside was temperance minded, and Republican. There were four saloons in Riverside when it was founded. The license fees were raised until the saloons moved out of Riverside.[14] Investors from England and Canada transplanted traditions and activities adopted by prosperous citizens. As a result, the first golf course and polo field in Southern California were built in Riverside.

The first orange trees were planted in 1871, but the citrus industry Riverside is famous for beginning three years later (1874) [15] when Eliza Tibbets received three [15] Brazilian navel orange trees sent to her by a personal friend, William Saunders who was a horticulturist at the United States Department of Agriculture in Washington, D.C. The trees came from Bahia, Brazil. The Bahia orange did not do well in Florida, but its success in Southern California was phenomenal.
The first navel orange tree in California replanted here by President Theodore Roosevelt, ca. 1910.

Map of California and San Francisco, Joseph Hutchins Colton

The three trees were planted on the Tibbets' property. One of the trees died after it was trampled by a cow during the first year it was planted. After the trampling, the two remaining trees were transplanted to property belonging to Sam McCoy to receive better care than L. C. Tibbets, Eliza's husband, could provide.[16] Later, the trees were again transplanted, one at the Mission Inn property in 1903 by President Theodore Roosevelt (this tree died in 1922), and the other was placed at the intersection of Magnolia and Arlington Ave. Eliza Tibbets was honored with a stone marker placed with the tree. That tree still stands to this day inside a protective fence abutting what is now a major intersection.

The trees thrived in the Southern California climate and the navel orange industry grew rapidly. Many growers purchased bud wood and then grafted the cuttings to root stock. Within a few years, the successful cultivation of many thousands of the newly discovered Brazilian navel orange led to a California Gold Rush of a different kind: the establishment of the citrus industry, which is commemorated in the landscapes and exhibits of the California Citrus State Historic Park and the restored packing houses in the downtown's Marketplace district. By 1882, there were more than half a million citrus trees in California, almost half of which were in Riverside. The development of refrigerated railroad cars and innovative irrigation systems established Riverside as the richest city in the United States (in terms of income per capita) by 1895.[17]
Victoria Avenue provides a citrus-lined paseo for both visitors and locals to enjoy.
Riverside, 1876.

As the city prospered, a small guest hotel designed in the popular Mission Revival style, known as the Glenwood Tavern, eventually grew to become the Mission Inn, favored by presidents, royalty and movie stars. Inside was housed a special chair made for the sizable President William Howard Taft. The hotel was modeled after the missions left along the California coast by Franciscan friars in the 16th and 17th centuries. (Although Spanish missionaries came as far inland as San Bernardino (San Bernardino de Sena Estancia), east of Riverside, there was no actual Spanish mission in what is now Riverside.) Postcards of lush orange groves, swimming pools and magnificent homes have attracted vacationers and entrepreneurs throughout the years. Many relocated to the warm, dry climate for reasons of health and to escape Eastern winters. Victoria Avenue, with its scattering of elegant turn-of-the-century homes, and citrus-lined paseo, serves as a reminder of European investors who settled here.
Riverside, 1900
Geography

Riverside is the 59th largest city in the United States, 12th largest city in California, and the largest city in California's Inland Empire metro area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 81.4 square miles (210.8 km2), of which 81.1 square miles (210 km2) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) (0.37%) is water. The elevation of downtown Riverside is 860 feet (260 m). Hills within the city limits include Mount Rubidoux, a city landmark and tourist attraction. Riverside is surrounded by small and large mountains, some of which get a dusting of winter snow. Many residents also enjoy the many beaches of Southern California. Riverside is approximately a 47-mile drive to the Pacific Ocean.[18]
A panorama of Riverside, California, taken from the summit of Mount Rubidoux, 1908.
Cityscape
See also: List of tallest buildings in Riverside, California
A 360 degree panorama of Riverside, California, taken from the summit of Mount Rubidoux
Landmarks
Main article: List of landmarks in Riverside, California
The Mission Inn

Riverside is home to the historic Mission Inn, the Beaux-Arts style Riverside County Historic Courthouse (based on the Petit Palais in Paris, France), and the Riverside Fox Theater, where the first showing of the 1939 film Gone with the Wind took place. The theater was purchased by the city and refurbished as part of the Riverside Renaissance Initiative.[19] The Fox Theater underwent extensive renovation and restoration, which was completed in 2009, to turn the old cinema into a performing arts theater.[20] The building was expanded to hold 1,600 seats and the stage was enlarged to accommodate Broadway-style performances. In January 2010, singer Sheryl Crow opened the newly remodeled Fox Theater in a nearly sold-out show.[21]
One of the remaining Queen Anne style houses from the 19th century

Riverside is also the home of the "World's Largest Paper Cup" (actually made of concrete), which is over three stories (68.10 ft) tall. The "Dixie Cup" landmark is located on Iowa Street just north of Palmyrita, in front of what was once the Dixie Corporation's manufacturing plant (now closed down).

Three notable hills are in Riverside's scenic landscape: Box Springs Mountain, Evans (Jurupa) Hill and Tecolote Hill; all of which are preserved open spaces. South of Riverside is Lake Mathews. There is also the well-known landmark/foothill, Mount Rubidoux, which is next to the Santa Ana River and one of the most noticeable landmarks in the downtown area. This foothill is the dividing line between the town of Rubidoux and the city of Riverside.

March Joint Air Reserve Base borders Riverside on the east serving as a divider between the city and Moreno Valley. March ARB is the oldest operating Air Force base west of the Mississippi River, having been founded in 1918.

At the entrance to Riverside from the 60 freeway sits Fairmount Park. This extensive urban oasis was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted.[22] Slightly fraying around the edges, it still has a lovely, stocked pond that is home to many species of birds. On nearby private land is the former site of Spring Rancheria, a Cahuilla village.
Neighborhoods
Homes in Riverside.

The city of Riverside has 28 designated "neighborhoods" within the city limits.[23] These neighborhoods include Airport, Alessandro Heights, Arlanza, Arlington, Arlington Heights, Arlington South, Canyon Crest, Casa Blanca, Downtown, Eastside, Grand, Hawarden Hills, Hillside Hunter Industrial Park, La Sierra, La Sierra Acres, La Sierra Hills, La Sierra South, Magnolia Center, Mission Grove, Northside, Orangecrest, Presidential Park, Ramona, Sycamore Canyon Park, Sycamore Canyon Springs, University, Victoria and Wood Streets.

To the east of downtown is the originally named "Eastside," which grew out of a colonia inhabited by Mexican immigrant workers in the orange groves, other orchards and produce fields. The area these people lived in was originally a settlement called La Placita that predated the city being founded in 1843. Mexican communities were also formed in the barrio of Casa Blanca during the early twentieth century.
Annexations

The City Council has proposed numerous annexations of nearby unincorporated communities which will increase its population and land area over the next few years. Most notable is the Lake Hills/Victoria Grove area, which would extend its southwestern borders to Lake Mathews.[24]
Current proposals
City limit map which shows possible annexations.

97 Berry Road
103 Barton/Gem
104 I-215 Corridor
105 Sycamore/Central
106 East Blaine
107 Alta Cresta Remainder
108 Lake Hills/Victoria Grove
111 University City
112 Kaliber
113 Barton/Station

Potential annexations

A Center Street
B Highgrove
C Spring Mountain Ranch (92)
D Canyon Ridge
E Woodcrest
F Gateway

Features

Riverside is home to the University of California, Riverside. The UCR Botanical Gardens contains 40 acres (16 ha) of unusual plants, with four miles (6 km) of walking trails. The city prides itself on its historic connection to the navel orange, which was introduced to North America from Brazil by the first settlers to Riverside in 1873. Riverside is home to the one surviving Parent Navel Orange Tree, from which all American West Coast navel orange trees are descended.

There are three hospitals in Riverside.[25]

Riverside Community Hospital is a General Acute Care Hospital with Basic Emergency Services and a Level II Trauma Center as of 2006.
Parkview Community Hospital Medical Center is a General Acute Care Hospital with Basic Emergency Services as of 2006.
Kaiser Foundation Hospital – Riverside is a General Acute Care Hospital with Basic Emergency Services as of 2006.

Riverside is also home to the Riverside Public Library system. Branches include: Arlington, La Sierra, Marcy, Main, Eastside Cybrary, and Casa Blanca.

Convention facilities are available at several locations. The Riverside Convention Center, remodeled in 2014, offers 66,000 sq ft (6,100 m2) indoors and 14,000 sq ft (1,300 m2) outdoor space. Also available is the Riverside Marriott with 14,000 sq ft (1,300 m2) indoors, and the Mission Inn with 15,000 sq ft (1,400 m2) indoors and 5,000 sq ft (460 m2) outdoors.[26] All three facilities are located within walking distance of each other in downtown Riverside. Meetings with an academic focus are also held at the University of California, Riverside.
Cemeteries

Cemeteries in Riverside include:

Crestlawn Memorial Park[27] – notable burials include Medal of Honor recipient George Alan Ingalls, baseball player Mike Darr, actor Roland Harrah III.
Evergreen Cemetery – notable burials include Frank Augustus Miller, John W. North, Eliza Tibbets, and Marcella Craft
Olivewood Cemetery[28][29] – notable burials include Medal of Honor recipients Jesus S. Duran and Ysmael R. Villegas (re-buried at Riverside National Cemetery in 1976),[30] Travis Alexander, Dorothy Burgess, Mayor Ben H. Lewis, Del Lord, Eric Show, and Gloria Ramirez
Riverside National Cemetery, established in 1976, is the third-largest cemetery managed by the National Cemetery Administration, and since 2000 has been the most active in the system based on the number of interments.
Sherman Indian High School Cemetery, Home Gardens[31]

Climate

Riverside experiences a semi-arid mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa/BSh) with hot, dry summers and mild, relatively wet winters. Temperatures in the summer generally average in the 90s (F) but often exceed 100 °F (38 °C) though with somewhat low humidity. In the winter, high temperatures average in the upper 60s (°F), but may not rise above 55 °F (13 °C) during rainy days. January, the coldest month, averages a high / low temperature of 68 °F / 43 °F (20 °C / 6 °C), while August, the hottest month, averages a high / low temperature of 95 °F / 64 °F (35 °C / 18 °C).[32] Riverside receives 10.4 inches of precipitation annually with most of it occurring in the winter and early spring, especially January through March, with February the wettest month.
[hide]Climate data for Riverside
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 97
(36) 92
(33) 98
(37) 104
(40) 108
(42) 112
(44) 113
(45) 112
(44) 113
(45) 108
(42) 98
(37) 93
(34) 113
(45)
Average high °F (°C) 69
(21) 70
(21) 73
(23) 78
(26) 83
(28) 89
(32) 95
(35) 96
(36) 93
(34) 84
(29) 75
(24) 69
(21) 81.2
(27.5)
Average low °F (°C) 47
(8) 46
(8) 48
(9) 51
(11) 56
(13) 60
(16) 66
(19) 66
(19) 64
(18) 58
(14) 52
(11) 46
(8) 55
(12.8)
Record low °F (°C) 24
(−4) 27
(−3) 29
(−2) 33
(1) 38
(3) 44
(7) 49
(9) 49
(9) 42
(6) 32
(0) 26
(−3) 22
(−6) 22
(−6)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.33
(59.2) 2.50
(63.5) 1.69
(42.9) 0.68
(17.3) 0.20
(5.1) 0.09
(2.3) 0.04
(1) 0.09
(2.3) 0.16
(4.1) 0.46
(11.7) 0.81
(20.6) 1.37
(34.8) 10.42
(264.7)
Source #1: NOAA [33]
Source #2: weather.com [34]
Environment

The Riverside area is referred to as a "smog belt" because of its above-average level of air pollution. In a comparison by the National Campaign Against Dirty Air Power (2003), the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario area was found to be one of the most polluted regions based on year-round particle measurements when compared to other U.S. cities.[35] [NEJM 2004;351:1057-1067] Despite smog problems, the city has made efforts to reduce pollution by incorporating additional means of mass transit (Metrolink) and equipping its entire fleet of buses with natural gas. Smog has decreased considerably over the past years as local municipalities and counties work with the South Coast Air Quality Management District to implement measures to improve regional air quality.[36] The smog alerts that people remember from decades ago are history.[37] Most of Riverside's smog problems are the result of the prevailing wind patterns that blow the smog from the Los Angeles Basin and particulates generated by Southern California's multitude of vehicles, as well as the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach into the Inland Empire.
Demographics
Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1890 4,683 —
1900 7,973 70.3%
1910 15,212 90.8%
1920 19,341 27.1%
1930 29,696 53.5%
1940 34,696 16.8%
1950 46,764 34.8%
1960 84,332 80.3%
1970 140,089 66.1%
1980 170,591 21.8%
1990 226,505 32.8%
2000 255,166 12.7%
2010 303,871 19.1%
Est. 2014 319,504 [38] 5.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[39]
[hide]Demographic profile 2010[40] 2000[41] 1990[42] 1970[42]
White 56.5% 59.3% 70.8% 93.1%
—Non-Hispanic 34.0% 46.6% 61.3% 82.1%[43]
Black or African American 7.0% 7.4% 7.4% 5.2%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 49.0% 38.1% 26.0% 11.4%[43]
Asian 7.4% 5.7% 5.2% 0.7%
2010

As of the 2010 census[44] reported that Riverside had a population of 303,871. The population density was 3,731.0 people per square mile (1,440.6/km²). The racial makeup of Riverside was 171,669 (56.5%) White, 21,421 (7.0%) African American, 3,467 (1.1%) Native American, 22,566 (7.4%) Asian (1.7% Filipino, 1.6% Chinese, 1.1% Korean, 1.0% Vietnamese, 0.8% Indian, 0.3% Japanese, 0.1% Pakistani), 1,219 (0.4%) Pacific Islander, 68,111 (22.4%) from other races, and 15,418 (5.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 148,953 persons (49.0%); 41.8% of Riverside's population is Mexican, 1.1% Guatemalan, 1.0% Salvadoran, 0.7% Puerto Rican, 0.3% Cuban, 0.2% Nicaraguan, and 0.2% Colombian.[45] Non-Hispanic Whites were 34.0% of the population in 2010,[40] down from 82.1% in 1970.[42]

The Census reported that 292,322 people (96.2% of the population) lived in households, 8,925 (2.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 2,624 (0.9%) were institutionalized.

There were 91,932 households, out of which 38,939 (42.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 45,398 (49.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 13,845 (15.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 6,372 (6.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 6,392 (7.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 746 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 18,284 households (19.9%) were made up of individuals and 6,262 (6.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.18. There were 65,615 families (71.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.67.

The population was spread out with 81,406 people (26.8%) under the age of 18, 47,126 people (15.5%) aged 18 to 24, 82,482 people (27.1%) aged 25 to 44, 66,615 people (21.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 26,242 people (8.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.0 years. For every 100 females there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.4 males.

There were 98,444 housing units at an average density of 1,208.7 per square mile (466.7/km²), of which 51,185 (55.7%) were owner-occupied, and 40,747 (44.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.4%. 168,888 people (55.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 123,434 people (40.6%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Riverside had a median household income of $56,403, with 17.5% of the population living below the federal poverty line.[46]
2000

As of the census of 2000, there were 255,166 people, 82,005 households, and 58,141 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,261.5/km² (3,267.2/mi²). There were 85,974 housing units at an average density of 425.0/km² (1,100.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 59.3% White, 7.4% African American, 1.1% Native American, 5.68% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 21.0% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. 38.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 82,005 households out of which 39.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 21.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02 and the average family size was 3.54.

In the city the population was spread out with 30.1% under the age of 18, 12.9% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $41,646, and the median income for a family was $47,254. Males had a median income of $36,920 versus $28,328 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,882. 15.8% of the population and 11.7% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 18.9% of those under the age of 18 and 8.0% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
Economy
Citrus is in decline in many areas of the Inland Empire where urbanization and water scarcity have made the industry uneconomical.[47]
Major employers

Riverside has a diversified economy with significant manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors. The manufacturing sector is largely light-industry and generates a range of products including aircraft components, automotive parts, gas cylinders, electronic equipment, food products, and medical devices. Supporting the manufacturing sector are several industrial parks, including those in the Hunter Industrial Park, Sycamore Canyon Industrial Park and Airport Industrial Areas. Many of the industrial sites are rail-served, with Union Pacific and Burlington Northern Santa Fe main lines running through the city. As the county seat and largest city in the region, Riverside also houses numerous legal, accounting, brokerage, architectural, engineering and technology firms as well as banking institutions. Citrus production and packing houses still exist within the city, but the industry is in decline.

According to the City's 2013 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[48] the top employers in the city are:
# Employer # of Employees
1 County of Riverside 11,187
2 Riverside Unified School District 5,580
3 University of California, Riverside 5,497
4 Kaiser Permanente 4,500
5 City of Riverside 2,687
6 Riverside Community College District 2,087
7 Riverside Community Hospital 1,880
8 Riverside County Office of Education 1,765
9 Alvord Unified School District 1,445
10 Parkview Community Hospital 1,350
Entrance to the Galleria at Tyler mall

Film and television

See also: List of films shot in Riverside, California

Riverside's close proximity to Hollywood, combined with its many unique architectural features, has made it a frequent filming choice by film studios, starting with the 1919 film Boots, which started Dorothy Gish and was filmed at the Mission Inn.

Episodes of the 2013 television celebrity diving program Splash are taped at Riverside Community College's aquatics complex, and a local gay bar named V.I.P. was the setting for the second episode of Season Five of the Bravo TV Reality show Tabatha Takes Over. The HBO show Enlightened (2011–2013), which starred Laura Dern, was also set in Riverside.
Retail

Retail shopping centers include the open-air Riverside Plaza, the Galleria at Tyler regional mall, while Main Street downtown, is the site of a pedestrian mall with unique shops.[49]
Arts and culture
Museums
Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird at the March Field Air Museum
See also: List of museums in Riverside, California

California Citrus State Historic Park Museum
Entomology Research Museum at the University of California, Riverside (not open to the public).
Heritage House Museum
March Field Air Museum
Mission Inn Museum
Museum of Online Museums, the MoOM, an online museum maintained by the California Baptist University.
Riverside Art Museum
Riverside International Automotive Museum[50]
Riverside Metropolitan Museum
Sherman Indian Museum[51] at the Sherman Indian High School
Southern California Medical Museum, housed at the Riverside County Medical Association
Sweeney Art Gallery, an extension of the University of California, Riverside
The Stahl Center Museum of Culture at the La Sierra University
University of California, Riverside California Museum of Photography
World Museum of Natural History at the La Sierra University

Festivals and events
Long Night of Arts & Innovation

Several festivals occur throughout the year in Riverside, many focused on the downtown area.

Each year in February The Riverside Dickens Festival is held to "enhance a sense of community among citizens of Riverside County and Southern California by creating a series of literary events and to provide educational, family-oriented, literary entertainment and activities such as plays, musical performances, pageants, living history presentations, workshops, lectures, classroom study, exhibits and a street bazaar with free entertainment, vendors and costumed characters."[52]

The Riverside Airshow takes place in March at the Riverside Municipal Airport. The event attracts around 70,000 people and includes aerial performers, over 200 acres (0.81 km2) of aircraft displays, a car show and military vehicle display, children's activities, food and refreshments, helicopter displays and community group exhibits.[53][54]

The March Field Airfest, also known as Thunder Over the Empire, is a biennial air show held at March Air Reserve Base. The air show is among the largest events in the Inland Empire and Riverside County. The show has featured such performers as the United States Air Force Thunderbirds, the Air Combat Command demonstrations teams and many other military and civilian demonstrations. 2010 saw the Patriots Jet Team as the highlight demonstration team of the show. Attendance for the 2010 show was estimated at over 150,000.

The Legends of Riverside Film Festival and charity fund raiser is held in March each year at the Riverside International Automotive Museum. In addition to showcasing popular racing films, the annual event offers attendees an opportunity to personally meet famous racing legends of the past. In attendance at the 2009 event were racing greats Dan Gurney, Elliot and Stuart Forbes-Robinson, Bob Bondurant, Peter Brock, George Follmer, and Dick Goldstrand.[55]

The Riverside International Film Festival (RIFF) takes place in April and features films from around the world.[56] Sponsored by the city of Riverside, local universities, and many businesses, past festivals have featured over 175 films.

In October, the California Riverside Ballet sponsors the Ghost Walk, which in 2013 celebrated its 22nd year. The event is an adventure through some of the city's oldest and most historic buildings, with volunteers leading tours and telling tales of ghouls and ghosts.

Also, in October, for one evening, from late afternoon until midnight, the Long Night of Arts & Innovation is held in Downtown Riverside. This signature event of the city of Riverside is designed to showcase its best talent in the visual and performing arts, science and technology from its universities, community college, school districts, and most innovative companies and arts organizations. It is also designed to encourage school children to seek innovative careers in the arts and STEM fields (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) by connecting them to professors, artists, professionals and performers from these institutions.

The Riverside Festival of Lights centers around the Mission Inn Hotel & Spa, located downtown. Decoration of the Inn begins in October and a lighting ceremony that includes speakers, fireworks, and live musicians takes place the day after Thanksgiving Day. The Inn puts up more than three million lights and hundreds of animated characters. Carolers, horse-drawn carriage rides, and ice skating all color the festival. Restaurants, cafes, and community groups all contribute to the festival. The festival runs through New Year's Day.

Also during the week of Thanksgiving, the Festival of Trees is held at the Riverside Convention Center. Held since 1990, the event seeks to raise money for the Riverside County Regional Medical Center children’s units including the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, the Child Abuse and Neglect Unit, and the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Attracting 25,000 people per year, the event has raised over $5 million since its inception.[57] At the Festival of Trees numerous professionally decorated Christmas trees are judged, auctioned and then displayed for public viewing. Other activities include entertainment, a children's craft area, a sweet shop, and Storytime with Santa.

The Riverside Robot Expo is held in November each year, sponsored by the Riverside Robotics Society in alignment of its goal "to bring robotics to the Inland Empire." Society members bring robots and robot replicas to the event to spark children's interest in math, robotics and other sciences.[58]

Other events in Riverside include a LGBT Pride event, which was first held at White Park on September 13, 2008, and on the first Thursdays of each month the Riverside Art Walk, with local vendors selling handmade arts and crafts.

In the past, a relatively large multi-day street fair known as the Orange Blossom Festival used to occur on an annual basis in spring. It featured art, music, food, technology, and many events. In 2006, the city council cancelled the event citing violence and public intoxication. [59]
Religion
1913 Mt Rubidoux Easter Sunrise Services

Riverside is home to Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Mormon, and Protestant churches, as well as an Islamic mosque, Jewish synagogue, Hindu temple, and several Buddhist temples. Riverside is also home to the Inland Empire Atheists and Agnostics organization.[60][61]

Several religious celebrations take place on top of the city's Mount Rubidoux. One is an annual Easter Sunrise service, which is the nation’s oldest continual non-denominational outdoor Easter service[62] The 100th anniversary of the event was held April 12, 2009. Each December, a 2½-mile procession from Our Lady of Guadalupe Shrine to the top of Mount Rubidoux promotes awareness of Juan Diego's walk up Tepeyac hill, in 1531, where he reportedly saw a Marian apparition known as Our Lady of Guadalupe.[63]

In 2012, a controversy erupted regarding the cross at the top of Mount Rubidoux, which is on city-owned land and maintained by the city. Due to constitutional issues related to the separation of church and state, the Riverside City Council sold the cross and the land under it (0.43 acre) to a private entity for $10,500.[64]
Government
See also: List of mayors of Riverside, California
Local government

Riverside is governed by a city council and mayor. The city council has seven members each elected from single member wards. The mayor is elected in a citywide election. A city manager is responsible for ongoing city services.

In Riverside's Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013, the city’s government accounts were reported to have $244 million in revenues and $365 million in expenditures, with the deficiency made up by the issuance of long-term debt and transfers from the city-owned utilities (including electric and water).[65] The report also indicates that over the past 9 years, the number of city employees increased by 23.6% to 2686 FTE, outpacing the 12.5% increase in the number of residents.
Federal and State representation

Under the electoral maps drawn by the Citizens' Redistricting Commission, which were first used in the 2012 elections and will remain in effect through at least 2020, Riverside's state and federal legislative districts have changed substantially.

In the California State Senate, the city is in the 31st Senate District, represented by Democrat Richard Roth. In the California State Assembly, it is split between the 60th Assembly District, represented by Republican Eric Linder, and the 61st Assembly District, represented by Democrat Jose Medina. In the United States House of Representatives, Riverside is in California's 41st congressional district, represented by Democrat Mark Takano.[66]
Courts

Federal
United States District Court, Central District of California, Eastern Division[67][68]
United States Bankruptcy Court, 9th Circuit Bankruptcy Appellate Panel[69][70]
United States Bankruptcy Court, Central District of California[71]

State
California Court of Appeal, Fourth District, Division Two[72]
Superior Court of California, County of Riverside[73]

Crime

Like much of the country, Riverside's crime rate has been steadily dropping. According to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics database, from 2002 to 2012 violent crime dropped to 1,389 from 2,026 events, and property crime to 10,818 from 13,135 events.[74] During this time, the population of the city rose by 18%. To help reduce gang-related crime, the city developed Project Bridge, an anti-gang program under the city of Riverside’s Park and Recreation Department. Gang activity has been reported to center in the Casa Blanca, Arlanza and Eastside neighborhoods.
Education
Colleges and universities
The 161-foot, 48-bell, carillon tower at the University of California, Riverside.

Riverside is home to several institutions of higher learning:

California Baptist University[75]
California Southern Law School[76]
Kaplan College[77]
La Sierra University[78]
Riverside City College[79]
University of California, Riverside[80][81][82]

Secondary schools
Public school districts and high schools

Riverside is served by two school districts:

Riverside Unified School District serves eastern Riverside.
High schools include:
Arlington High School[83]
Martin Luther King High School
John W. North High School
Riverside Polytechnic High School also known as Poly High School
Ramona High School
Riverside Virtual School
Riverside STEM High School
Continuation high schools include:
Abraham Lincoln High School (continuation)
Raincross High School (continuation)
Summit View High School (continuation)
Alvord Unified School District serves western Riverside.
High schools include:
La Sierra High School
Norte Vista High School
Continuation high schools include:
Alvord High School (continuation)

Other public secondary schools

Two notable institutions of learning, for specified student bodies, are also located in Riverside:

California School for the Deaf, Riverside (CSD-R) for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing from Preschool to 12th grade has been open since 1952.[84] The CSD-R varsity football team, the Riverside Cubs, had an undefeated season which led to an appearance on a May 2006 segment on ABC's 20/20 news series.
Sherman Indian High School of the Bureau of Indian Education,[85] is for Native American tribal members from 9th to 12th grade; it has been open since 1878.

Private secondary schools

Bethel Christian School[86]
Eastside Christian Academy
La Sierra Academy[87]
Notre Dame High School[88] (Roman Catholic)
Riverside Christian High School[89]
Woodcrest Christian High School[90]
Islamic Academy of Riverside[91]

Initiative to raise college graduation rates

Riverside won a $3 million grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2010. As a result, the Completion Counts initiative was created as a joint partnership by the city of Riverside, Riverside City College, Alvord Unified School District, Riverside Unified School District, Riverside County Office of Education, UC Riverside, and the Greater Riverside Chambers of Commerce to double college graduation rates by 2020. Only Riverside, New York City, San Francisco, and Mesa, Arizona received such grant.

The partnership is creating measures that help students across Riverside earn a degree. For example, RCC will now give 2012 graduates of AUSD and RUSD priority class registration, and a two-year guarantee to complete an associate’s degree or transfer to a four-year university.[92] Completion Counts is also ensuring that AUSD, RUSD and RCC work together to create a seamless math and English curriculum to prepare students for college-level work. High school and college student counselors are meeting regularly to agree on the best ways to get students ready for college.
Media
[show]

v t e

Radio stations in the Riverside/San Bernardino market
Transportation
Highways

Riverside is served by three major freeways, the I-215, the State Route 60, and the State Route 91. These three freeways meet in north-eastern Riverside at the rebuilt 60/91/215 interchange that was completed in late 2007.[93]
Rail lines
See also: Riverside (Amtrak station) and Riverside-La Sierra (Metrolink station)
Southern Pacific Railroad train running through the tracks in an orange grove in Riverside, California, ca. 1910.

The city contains two Metrolink commuter rail stations, Riverside-Downtown and Riverside-La Sierra. Both are served by the Inland Empire-Orange County and 91 Lines, and the Downtown station is served by the Riverside Line on weekdays, and the San Bernardino Line on weekends. Amtrak's Southwest Chief which runs from Los Angeles to Chicago also serves the city.
Bus lines

Local bus service is provided by the Riverside Transit Agency.[94] Recently, the agency proposed a new bus rapid transit route to travel along the current Route 1 from the University of California, Riverside to Corona. The project is expected in FY 2011 or 2012, as funding is made available.[95]

Intercity bus service is provided by Greyhound and Amtrak California, as well as a handful of small operators serving the cross-border market into Mexico.
Airports

The Riverside Municipal Airport (FAA designator: RAL) with a 5,400-foot (1,600 m) runway, is the only airport within Riverside's city limits, and is the location for the annual Riverside Air Show. The airport is primarily used for private and business aviation. The nearest major airport is the LA/Ontario International Airport in the city of Ontario, California (FAA designator: ONT), about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Riverside.
Notable people
Main article: List of people from Riverside, California
See also: List of University of California, Riverside people
Sister cities
Riverside, California's sister city sign in front of White Park in downtown Riverside.
Sister cities of Riverside, California[96]
Sendai, Japan
Cuautla, Morelos, Mexico
Ensenada, Mexico
Jiangmen, People's Republic of China
Gangnam, South Korea
Hyderabad, India
Obuasi, Ghana
Erlangen, Germany

Riverside has eight sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:

The Sendai Committee is working on setting up a secure e-pal system whereby the residents of Sendai and Riverside can exchange emails in a fashion similar to pen pals. The aim is to promote grassroots cultural exchange between the two sister cities.

The city of Riverside established an economic partnership program with the state of Oaxaca, Mexico in the early 2000s.
See also

California Riverside Ballet
Largest cities in Southern California
Ranchos of California

California

References
Bibliography

Brown Jr, John and James Boyd. History of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties; With Selected Biography of Actors and Witnesses of the Period of Growth and Achievement, 3 volumes, The Western Historical Association, 1922. The Lewis Publishing Company, Chicago, Illinois.
Gunther, Jane Davies. Riverside County, California, Place Names; Their Origins and Their Stories, Riverside, CA, 1984. LOC catalog number: 84-72920.
Patterson, Tom. A Colony For California; Riverside's First Hundred Years. Second Edition 1996. The Museum Press of the Riverside Museum Associates, Riverside, California. ISBN 0-935661-24-7.
Patterson, Tom. Landmarks of Riverside; and the Stories Behind Them. 1964. Press~Enterprise Co., Riverside, California. Library of Congress Catalogue Card No. 64-15204.

Citations and notes

"Over One Hundred and Twenty-Five Years of Service" (PDF). City of Riverside. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
"California Cities by Incorporation Date" (Word). California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
"Riverside City Charter" (PDF). City of Riverside. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
"City Manager". Riverside, California. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
"City Council". Riverside, California. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
"2010 Census Gazetteer Files – Places – California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
"Riverside". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
"Riverside (city) QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 28, 2015.
Gunther, pages 427–429.
http://socalbailbonds.net
Riversideca.gov
[1] August 5, 2004
"Local History: Finding aids". Riverside Public Library. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
Brown and Boyd, Vol 2.
Brown and Boyd, Vol 1, page 429
Brown and Boyd, Vol 1, page 430
H. Vincent Moses wrote in 1982 that Riverside was the wealthiest U.S. city per capita in 1895. Dr. Moses is a city historian. See "Machines in the Garden: A Citrus Monopoly in Riverside, 1900–31", published in California History, Spring 1982.
calculate travel time. "Flight Distance from Riverside, CA to Laguna Beach, CA". Travelmath.com. Retrieved 2013-02-08.
Riverside Renaissance Initiative
rehabilitation
Franko, Vanessa. Sheryl Crow opens the first night of entertainment at the Fox, The Press-Enterprise, January 22, 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-23.
City of Riverside Department of Parks, Recreation and Community Services
City of Riverside: Office of Neighborhoods
City of Riverside Building and Planning – Annexations[dead link]
California Department of Health Services
Riverside Convention Center and Visitor's Bureau. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
Pierce Brothers Crestlawn Memorial Park & Mortuary at Find a Grave
33°57′10″N 117°22′44″W U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Olivewood Cemetery
Olivewood Cemetery (aka Olivewood Memorial Park) at Find a Grave
Santschi, Darrell R. (February 23, 2014). "Riverside med to get top honor: Jesus S. Duran and Salvador J. Lara will be awarded the Medal of Honor". The Press-Enterprise.
Sherman Institute Cemetery at Find a Grave
NOAA.org
. NOAA http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datatools/normals. Missing or empty |title= (help)
"Average weather in Riverside, California". Weather. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
"Air pollution and lung development". Retrieved March 17, 2006.
http://www.scaqmd.org
50 Years, How Close Are We to the Goal?
"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
"Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
"Riverside (city), California". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 30, 2012.
"Race and Hispanic or Latino: 2000". United States Census Bureau.
"California – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 30, 2012.
From 15% sample
"2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Riverside city". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
"American Factfinder". census.gov. Retrieved 2011-08-27.
http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0662000.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
"Background Information and Statistics: California's Citrus Industry". Retrieved January 2, 2012.
City of Riverside, California Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, for the Year ended June 30, 2011
"Riverside Retail Centers", Riverside city website
Riverside International Automotive Museum
Sherman Indian Museum
"Welcome to the Frontpage". Dickensfest.com. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
Riverside Airshow Webpage
Things To Do Inland Empire
Stokes, Doug. Riverside Lives!, Classic Motorsports magazine. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
"Riverside International Film Festival". Retrieved 2010-05-01.
Festival of Trees Web Page.
JENNIFER WHITAKER. "RIVERSIDE: Robot Expo set for Nov. 6 | Riverside News". The Press-Enterprise. Retrieved 2013-02-08.
City Council Cancels Orange Blossom Festival
US. "Inland Empire Atheists, Agnostics & Skeptics Meetup Group (Riverside, CA) – Meetup.com". Inlandempireatheists.com. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
"West Briefs – 4/15/09 | Riverside County | PE.com | Southern California News | News for Inland Southern California". PE.com. 2009-04-14. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
The Press Enterprise, April 5, 2009.
The Press Enterprise, December 3, 2008.
The Press Enterprise, April 11, 2013.
[2] Retrieved 2014-10-04
"Who To Call in Sacramento & Washington DC". Riverside, California. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
United States District Court Locator Service, Riverside California
United States District Court, Central District of California, Riverside
United States Courts Locator Service, Riverside California
United States Bankruptcy Panel of the 9th Circuit
United States Courts Locator Service, Riverside California
California Courts of Appeal, 4th District
Riverside Superior Court
Extracted from
California Baptist Univ. About
California Southern Law School
[3]
La Sierra University
Riverside City College
University of California, Riverside
JENNIFER MEDINA, JENNIFER (June 1, 2012). "California Cuts Threaten the Status of Universities". NY Times. Retrieved 4 November 2014. "Students at the University of California, Riverside, taking a midterm exam in a psychology class that has an enrollment of 570."
"California Researchers Find New Tool Against the Asian Citrus Psyllid". Entomology Today. October 27, 2014. "Now a research team at the University of California, Riverside has found a new tool that targets the ACP’s olfactory system, and they’ve identified a suite of odorants (odor molecules) that the insect detects. Some of these odorants can modify the behavior of ACP and may lead to the development of tools to tackle its spread."
RUSD Arlington HS infopage
CSD-R History
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Education, National Directory, March 2009, page 25
Bethel Christian Center Schools
La Sierra Academy High School
Notre Dame High School
Riverside Christian High School
Woodcrest Christian High School
Olsen, David, The Press-Enterprise, "Islamic Academy of Riverside holds graduation tonight amid growing enrollment", June 17, 2010
The Press-Enterprise
The Press-Enterprise
Riverside Transit Agency.
Riversidetransit.com

"Riverside's Sister Cities". City of Riverside, California. 2009. Retrieved August 5, 2009.