Korisos, Kastoria

Greece Greece

Administrative Region : West Macedonia
Regional unit : Kastoria

Korisos (or more rarely Korissos) is a historic town in Western Macedonia, the old seat of the Municipality of Agioi Anargyroi and today an important rural settlement of Kastoria. It is 15 km from the city of Kastoria and 4 km from the shores of Lake Kastoria. Formerly the settlement was called Gorensi or Gyrentsi [2] and today the settlement has a population of 1,309 inhabitants according to the 2001 census. the monastery of Agios Nikolaos Tsirilovos.

Administrative and population changes

In the year 1918, Korisos was recognized in a homonymous community of the Prefecture of Florina of the Province of Kastoria with the name Gorentsi, while in 1919 the settlement was renamed Korisos. In 1941 the settlement is part of the Prefecture of Kastoria. In 1971 the community of Agios Nikolaos was abolished and became part of the Community of Korisos. In 1997, Korisos became the seat of the Municipality of Agioi Anargyroi, while in 2011, with the Kallikratis plan, it became the seat of the Municipal Unit of Agioi Anargyroi of the Municipality of Kastoria. [3]

The first population census took place in the 15th century, with 98 families, about 490 inhabitants. [4] At the beginning of the 20th century, it has a population of 3,000, with 850 Muslims. The population of Korisos does not show significant fluctuations after the Second Balkan War. With the exchange of populations with Bulgaria between 1913 and 1918, 39 inhabitants emigrated to Bulgaria, while with the obligatory exchange of populations with Turkey in 1923, 252 refugees from the coasts of Asia Minor, Pontus and Eastern Thrace settled [5]. ] [4]
Year 1905 1913 1920 1928 1940 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 1991 2001 2011
Residents 3,000 1,731 1,921 1,468 1,627 1,835 1,136 1,150 1,175 1,160 1,309 998

With the exception of the last census, all population data refer to the actual population. The local community of Korisos, with Agios Nikolaos having 22 inhabitants, reaches a permanent population in the last census of 1,020 inhabitants. [6]
Geography

It is built at an altitude of 620 meters [1] and at the foot of the mountain Gavros or Korisos (1386 m.), Which belongs to the mountain complex of Askios, in a prominent position to the homonymous plain of Korisos and the villages of the eastern basin of the lake. [ 7] The forests above the settlement consist mainly of beeches.
Designation

The word Korisos, with the spelling of two sigmas, according to historical data is the first name of the settlement. It must later have been transformed into Gorensi, derived from the prefix "ἐν" and the corruption of the name of the village. Double-digit spelling lasted for several more decades until it was deleted indefinitely. [8] The place name Korisos exists in a text by Xenophon [9] as a name of settlement terms with the name Korisos [10] [11] near ancient Ephesus as well as in a city of ancient Kea with the name Korissia or Korisos. [12] In the church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary it is mentioned that there was an icon of St. Dionysius of 1653, which was destroyed in a fire in 1948 during the Civil War, where Saint Dionysios Korisoritis was listed. [13] In 1919, the historical name Korisos was restored, after the name Gorensi, which is a corruption of the first name, after the actions of the director of the Primary School, Ioannis Tsitsipanis. [8]

According to the Government Gazette, where the renaming of the settlement is determined, the spelling of the name of the settlement is with a sigma, ie "Korisos". [2]
History
Inauguration of a mansion in Korisos, Diamanti Vaena house. Photo by Leonidas Papazoglou, September 20, 1906
Local tradition

According to local tradition, the creation of the settlement resulted from the merging of three or four settlements that existed in Tsakoni, Sarakina, Yaza and perhaps Kaniaakos. This is likely to have taken place after the military operations of Emperor Basil II in the area, with the expulsion of the Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel at the end of the 9th to the beginning of the 10th century and the existence in the area of a long period of security from raids and robberies. 14]
Antiquity and Byzantium

However, there are strong indications that the site was inhabited much earlier, as a marble plaque with reliefs probably dating to the Hellenistic period and found inside the Church of the Assumption was found, as well as an inscription that reads "Alexander the Great" hairin… "which probably dates back to the end of the 2nd century AD. [15] [14] Also in the place of Megali Krini, parts of a Hellenistic fountain have been found and in other places vaulted tombs of the same time period. [16] [17] At Tsakoni and Korisos there are archeological finds and the Roman period, such as architectural members and inscriptions. , which rises about 500 m west of the town [19].

In the settlement there is the small church of Agios Georgios in which there are hagiographies of similar style with the churches in the city of Kastoria (11th century-12th century). Also in the Hagiology of the Orthodox Church is mentioned the name of Saint Dionysios, born in Korisos in 1316, a monk in a monastery of Mount Athos that was dedicated to John the Baptist and today bears his name as the Monastery of Dionysios. Apart from the saint's face, considering that his brother was also the metropolitan of Trebizond, Theodosios, we can be led to an important but perhaps precarious conclusion. That in Korisos of the Byzantine period and before the birth of the two brothers, there is a fairly important settlement, with such spiritual flourishing, that two important historical and spiritual personalities emerge. [14]
Ottoman rule
The old church of Agios Georgios (18th century).
The newest church of Agios Georgios (1882).

Korisos this Ottoman Period is a thriving town with a population of around 3,000. It was a large settlement with a mixed population of Christians and Muslims, from the few settlements in the region of Kastoria where there was a Muslim element. Its location between Kastoria and the commercially developed Kleisoura places it as an important station in the transport of the time. The development of the settlement is reflected in the elegant houses and European clothing of its inhabitants that are commercially and immigrantically connected with other European cities of Northern Balkan and Central Europe. The total revenue for the empire from the village is 3,535 white. [20] In the middle of the 15th century in an Ottoman settlement (Tapu Tahir defteri, no. 237 of 1445) the vilayet of Kastoria is mentioned, which includes 1 hasi and 24 timaris. Hassi was the city of Kastoria and the present-day villages of Logga, Dendrochori, Korisos and Polykarpi. [21] It is unknown at this time what he will do after leaving the post. The hagiology of Agios Dionysios implies the existence of some form of education in a church in the settlement. [23]

The year 1881 is reported by a newspaper in Thessaloniki, the "Lighthouse of Macedonia", the existence of a High School since 1840, a date that is considered questionable by some researchers. [24] It describes the existence of elements of a thriving town with craftsmen, bakeries, home crafts, shops and inns. Ottoman documents indicate the existence of a primary Muslim school. [25] The establishment of a large school complex in 1848 with a male and female high school is certain. Teachers at this time were often poorly paid, and residents who knew letters often helped to educate the town. Well-known teachers of the town were Apostolos Margaritis and Korisiotis Konstantinos Tsioulkas. [22]

In 1841 the church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary was built. [26] [27] Since the 1860s, the kindergarten and the Girl's School have been operating. [23] In 1878 there was an orphanage with a school in the monastery of Agios Nikolaos Tsirilovos as well as in the village of Tsirilovo at the same time [27] and a high school in the late 19th to early 20th century. [28] In the National Movement of Kastoria (1865-1887) its members were the Korisiotes Ioannis Siomos and Konstantinos Tsioulkas. [29] In 1871, residents of the Bulgarian Exarchate tried with a firman to operate in a church and were repulsed by other residents of the town, who belonged to the dogmatic Ecumenical Patriarchate and had a Greek conscience. The next day, the Ottoman militia intervenes and several Korisiotes are arrested, including Ioannis Tsioulkas, but are acquitted after nine months. [29]

In 1892, the teacher and publisher Anastasis Papafilippou was hired among the other teachers of the Greek school. The first Bulgarian school was founded the same year, following efforts by residents of the town in recent years to prevent it. [25] After other shifts, Anastasis Papafilippou became principal of the school in 1905. [30] The big church of the town is Agios Georgios which was completed in 1897. [26] The exarchs of the village in 1902 occupied the church of Agios Georgios outside the settlement, causing tensions between the inhabitants. In the ensuing episodes, the intervention of the Ottoman militia was added, in which it was decided by the Ottoman commander of the caste of Kastoria, the sealing of the church. From June 8, 1903 [31], the monastery actively participated in the Macedonian Struggle, led by the abbot of the monastery, Archimandrite Grigorios Diamantidis, and in the struggles of the Metropolitan of Kastoria, Germanos Karavangelis, and the native Macedonians. In 1904, Pavlos Melas and his companions were hosted at the Monastery of Agios Nikolaos Tsirilovo and in a letter he praised the reception and help provided by the monastery. The following year, the monastery was burned down on February 26, 1905 [31] by Bulgarian komitatzides along with other monasteries in the area. [32] [33] [34] On December 5 to 6, 1908, with the actions of the Metropolitan of Kastoria, the church was given back to the patriarchs. The fact of the intense controversy between the patriarchs and the exarchs was published in the New York Times in 1911. [26]

Immigration has been around since the Turkish occupation, when the Korissiotes left for Wallachia, Austria, major cities in northern Greece, Thessaloniki, where they founded a club, Istanbul, and much later in America. [35]
Modern Times

Photographic snapshots from the wedding of Charalambos Christidis and Marika Vose from Korisos. The newlyweds on horseback can be seen in front of the church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. Photos by Leonidas Papazoglou.

In 1920, a new school building was built for the educational needs of the time. [36] On the morning of October 28, 1940, Korisos and then Kastoria were the first settlements bombed by the Italian air force in Macedonia. [37] After the Battle of the Strait of Kleisoura on April 14, 1941, Korisos was occupied by German troops, its inhabitants were expelled and fled to neighboring villages Mavrochori, Polykarpi and Fotini. ground floor which was later used as a post office and as a community store. [36]

Much of the population migrated to Germany and the United States during the 1950s. [36] The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is the parish church of the settlement [39]

On March 29, 1978, the new Gymnasium-Lyceum was founded after the donation of Athanasios Kolaras and the assistance of the Korissiotes. [40] In 1995, the cemetery church of Agios Georgios, together with the church of the same name, were characterized by a ministerial decision as historic buildings due to the ecclesiastical relics and their historicity, due to the events before and during the Macedonian Struggle. [41]

Today

Today it has a kindergarten, a kindergarten and a primary school, as well as tuition centers. It also has a Center for the Open Protection of the Elderly (KAPI) and a Citizens' Service Center (KEP). The inhabitants are engaged in agriculture, especially beans and corn, in sheep and goat farming, dairies, and to a lesser extent than in the past, in fur production. [42] There are handicrafts for meat and sausage products, handicrafts for slippers and leather goods and various shops. There are several hotel units in Korisos. [43]

Religious events are held on the feast of the patron saint Agios Charalambos on February 10. [44] and on the feast of the local saint, Saint Dionysios of Korisos. Today, the visitor of the historic town can admire its few mansions and churches, witnesses of the glorious past of Korisos and tour the picturesque streets. [45] He can also visit the Monastery of Agios Nikolaos Tsirilovo, which played an important role during the Macedonian Struggle, as well as other attractions in the area. [46]
civilization

The church of Agios Dionysios from Korisos which is located at the highest point of the settlement. In the courtyard there is a festival in honor of the local Saint.

Churches

The two churches of Agios Georgios

In Korisos there are two temples dedicated to St. George and they are both declared listed buildings of the Ministry of Culture: [47]

The Small Church of Agios Georgios was built and painted during the second half of the nineteenth century (1770 BC) at the southeastern tip of Korisos. Originally it was a long, three-aisled basilica, built of stone, timber and tiled. It had a frescoed Holy Altar, Main Temple and Narthex. The same church inside had the existing and now very beautiful iconostasis with the wood-carved and written decorations and the wonderful portable icons. It also had the surviving quadrangular ark of the Holy Table, a planked plank roof, and two rows of columns that separated the aisles and supported the roof, all wooden and decorated with floral paintings. Today, from the original church building, only the Holy Altar and its continuous small part of the Main Temple, about two meters long, survive. [48]

The Church of Agios Georgios is a three-aisled church of the royal wooden roof, built in 1882 according to the founding inscription above the semicircular niche of the Holy Step of the Temple (externally), which states as the year of its reconstruction: "18 † 82" and is located southeast of the settlement of Korisos. Inside, we can see a three-part-height division of the wooden relief icon of a newer style - the work of unknown "tagliatelle". The despotic icons of the iconostasis (Italian-Russian style) were composed "by Athanasios Panagiotou from Kastoria… 1884". Among the donors and devotees is the well-known doctor from Korisos and fighter against Romanian and Slavic propaganda, Ioannis Siomos (1835 / 6-1890). It has historically been linked to the events of the Macedonian Struggle in the region and the rivalry between Orthodox patriarchs and schismatics of the Bulgarian Exarchate between 1902 and 1908. [47] , is represented at the Museum of the Macedonian Struggle in Thessaloniki. [49]

Cultural associations

Korisos Educational Association "Agios Dionysios".
Association of Everywhere Korissiotes of Thessaloniki "O Agios Georgios", founded in 1896. [50]

Bodies

Municipal Library "Constantinides Library of Korisos", founded in 1984. [51]
Korisos Folklore Museum, Vamvali building (under design)

Type

Korisos, a two-month newspaper with the editorial board of the Korisos Educational Association "Agios Dionysios".

Newspapers that do not exist today were Gavros (1927-1929) published by the Cretan Christofolos Skyvalos and with the support of the Union of National Physical Education of Korisos. [52] With the same publisher, the Voice of the Village (1952) was published for a year. [52] [53]

Customs

Korisioti Carnival or Sourva, in the first days after the New Year. [44] [54]
Lazarines, on the Saturday of Lazarus in the courtyard of the church of St. George. [55] [56]
Kolentes, on the morning of Christmas Eve, the inhabitants of Korisos and Lithia, according to local tradition, light large fires to warm the Christ who is born. [57]

Sport

Doxa Korisou, a football team founded in 1953 that competes in the First Local Division.
Doxas Korisos Academy, a football team of Korisos academies with a founding year of 2006 with divisions K-14, K-12.K-8, K-6.
Korisos basketball club sports club.
Hermes, a historical sports club with a founding year in 1930/1931 and a blue and white uniform color.
Kyzikos, a historical sports club founded by refugees from Asia Minor. It was named so because the town was inhabited by residents of Vathi (Turkish: Feti, later Turan) of the Kyziki peninsula, a coastal settlement in Asia Minor, near Artaki. [58]

Personalities

Nikolaos Antoniou, agent
of the Macedonian Struggle.

Saint Dionysios from Korisos (1316 - February 25, 1388), monk and owner [59] of the Monastery of Agios Dionysios. His memory is celebrated on June 25.
Saint Theodosius (1300-1391), abbot of the monastery of Philotheos on Mount Athos and the monastery of Agios Georgios of the Magans of Constantinople, metropolitan of Trabzon and brother of Saint Dionysius [60] His memory is celebrated on January 11.
St. James the New Martyr from Kastoria (-1520), a new martyr of the Orthodox Church, whose memory is commemorated on the day of his martyrdom, on November 1.
Pavlos Ioannou (1824 - 1897), professor of medicine at the University of Athens
Alexandros Anastasiadis, Macedonian Macedonian hoplite. [61]
Anastasios Papafilippou, a teacher at Pisoderi, Florina, Agent III and a Macedonian warrior. [62]
Anastasia Tsifora, teacher and third class agent during the Struggle. [62]
Argyrios Michopoulos, being very young, left to fight in the body of Captain Makris. [62]
Vassilios Tsougaris, hoplite during the Macedonian Struggle. [62]
Evdokia Christidou, a resident who contributed to the recapture of the church of Agios Georgios. [62]
Ioannis Siomos (1835/1836; -1890), doctor, fighter, founding member of the National Movement. [44]
Ioannis Tsopras - Tzezos, collaborator of the abbot Grigorios Tsirilovou and guide of the Macedonian warriors. [62]
Konstantinos Tsioulkas (1876-1915), teacher, writer and researcher. [63]
Nikolaos Antoniou, first class agent and member of the local National Committee. [62]
Nikolaos Styliadis, associate of Captain Vangelis from Strebeno. [62]

References

As published in the 1971 volume of population and housing census, Table 4, Average weight of the heights of each municipality or community, p. 441.
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[1] Archived 2017-04-24 on Wayback Machine. D. K. Samsaris, Historical Geography of the Roman Province of Macedonia (The Department of Today's Western Macedonia), Thessaloniki 1989 (Published by the Society for Macedonian Studies), pp. 160-161. ISBN 960-7265-01-7.
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(English) History Pandektis, Konstantinos Tsioulkas

Bibliography

A. Beta, Greek Education in Korisos, Association of Everywhere Corinthians of Thessaloniki "O Agios Georgios", published by Amfitriti, Thessaloniki, 1992
P. Christidis and N. Daskalakis, Association of Everywhere Korissiotes of Thessaloniki "O Agios Georgios", The Association, Korisos, Thessaloniki, the world all 100 years together - 100 years of action, Thessaloniki, 1996
Nikolaos G. Daskalakis, I Korisos: in the path of time, Thessaloniki, 2006, pp. 703
Nikolaos G. Daskalakis, Commercial and professional guide of land users, Thessaloniki, 1992

Photos

Korisos with a winter setting.

Thunderstorm near the village.

"Contributions to the Bilingualism of the Macedonians", by Konstantinos I. Tsioulkas.

View of the village in early spring.

Rainbow to the east of the settlement.

Korisos with the forest of Gavros.

Mount Korisos or Gavros, mountain range of Askio.

Municipal unit Agioi Anargyroi
Community Vasileiada
Αγία Παρασκευή, η
Vasileiada (Βασιλειάς, η)
Verga (Βέργα, η)
Community Korisos
Άγιος Νικόλαος, ο
Korisos (Κορησός, η)
Community Lithia
Lithia (Λιθιά, η)
Community Melissotopos
Melissotopos (Μελισσότοπος, ο)
Μονή Αγίων Αναργύρων, η
Stavropotamos (Σταυροπόταμος, ο)