.

USA

Denton is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the county seat of Denton County. As of the 2010 United States Census, its population was 113,383,[4] making it the 27th most populous city in Texas and the 11th-largest city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.

A Texas land grant led to the formation of Denton County in 1846, and the city was incorporated in 1866. Both were named after pioneer and Texas militia captain John B. Denton. The arrival of a railroad line in the city in 1881 spurred population, and the establishment of the University of North Texas in 1890 and Texas Woman's University in 1901 distinguished the city from neighboring regions. After the construction of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport finished in 1974, the city saw more rapid growth; as of 2011, Denton was the seventh-fastest growing city with a population over 100,000 in the country.

Located on the north end of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex in North Texas on Interstate 35, Denton is known for its active music life; the North Texas State Fair and Rodeo, Denton Arts and Jazz Festival, and 35 Denton Music Festival attract over 300,000 people to the city each year. The city experiences hot, humid summers and relatively few extreme weather events. Its diverse citizenry is represented by a nonpartisan city council, and numerous county and state departments have offices in the city. With over 45,000 students enrolled at the two universities located within its city limits, Denton is often characterized as a college town. As a result of the universities' growth, educational services play a large role in the city's economy. Residents are served by the Denton County Transportation Authority, which provides commuter rail and bus service to the area.

History

The formation of Denton is closely tied with that of Denton County. White settlement of the area began in the middle of the 1800s when William S. Peters of Kentucky obtained a land grant from the Texas Congress and named it Peters Colony. After initial settlement in the southeast part of the county in 1843, the Texas Legislature voted to form Denton County in 1846.[5] Both the county and the town were named for John B. Denton, a preacher and lawyer who was killed in 1841 during a skirmish with Kichai people in what is now Tarrant County.[6] Pickneyville and Alton were selected as the county seat before Denton was named for that position in 1857. That year, a commission laid out the city and named the first streets.

Denton incorporated in 1866; its first mayor was J.B. Sawyer.[7] As the city expanded, it became an agricultural trade center for the mill and cottage industries. The arrival of the Texas and Pacific Railway in 1881 gave Denton its first rail connection and brought an influx of people to the area.[7] North Texas Normal College, now the University of North Texas, was established in 1890, and the Girls' Industrial College, now Texas Woman's University, was founded in 1903. As the universities increased in size, their impact on Denton's economy and culture increased.[7]

Denton grew rapidly from a population of 26,844 in 1960 to 48,063 in 1980. Its connection to the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex via I-35E and I-35W played a major role in the growth, and the opening of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport in 1974 led to an increase in population. In the 1980s, heavy manufacturing companies like Victor Equipment Company and Peterbilt joined older manufacturing firms such as Moore Business Forms and Morrison Milling Company in Denton. The population jumped from 66,270 in 1990 to 80,537 in 2000.[7] In May 2006, Houston-based real estate company United Equities purchased the 100-block of Fry Street and announced that several of the historic buildings would be demolished to accommodate a new mixed-use commercial center. The proposal drew opposition from some residents, who sought to preserve the area as a historic and cultural icon for the city.[8] The Denton City Council approved a new proposal for the area from Dinerstein Cos in 2010.[9]
Geography

Denton is located on the northern edge of the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area. These three cities form the area known as the "Golden Triangle of North Texas."[10] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 89.316 square miles (231.33 km2), of which 87.952 square miles (227.79 km2) is land and 1.364 square miles (3.53 km2) is water.[3] The city lies in the northeast edge of the Bend Arch–Fort Worth Basin, which is characterized by flat terrain. Elevation ranges from 500 to 900 feet (150 to 270 m).[5] Part of the city is located atop the Barnett Shale, a geological formation believed to contain large quantities of natural gas.[11][12] Lewisville Lake, a man-made reservoir, is located 15 miles (24 km) south of the city.
Climate
Denton, Texas

Denton, Texas

Climate chart

J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
1.9 53 34	2.6 62 38	2.8 68 45	3.3 74 52	5.4 82 61	3.3 90 69	2.5 94 73	2.3 92 72	3.4 85 65	4.8 77 54	2.9 64 43	2.7 57 36
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Source: Weather.com / NWS

Metric conversion
J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
49 12 1	65 17 3	72 20 7	84 23 11	137 28 16	84 32 21	64 34 23	57 33 22	85 29 18	122 25 12	73 18 6	68 14 2
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm

With its hot, humid summers and cool winters, Denton's climate is characterized as humid subtropical and is within USDA hardiness zone 8a. The city's all-time high temperature is 113 °F (45 °C), recorded in 1954. Dry winds affect the area in the summer and can bring temperatures of over 100 °F (38 °C), although the average summer temperature highs range from 91 to 96 °F (33 to 36 °C) between June and August. The all-time recorded low is −3 °F (−19 °C), and the coolest month is January, with daily low temperatures averaging 33 °F (1 °C).[13] Denton lies on the southern end of what is commonly referred to as "Tornado Alley"; the National Weather Service occasionally issues tornado watches, although they rarely form in the city. The city receives approximately 37.7 inches (96 cm) of rain per year.[13] Flash floods and severe thunderstorms are frequent occurrences during spring months.[14] Average snowfall in Denton is similar to the Dallas–Fort Worth average of 2.4 inches (6.1 cm) per year.[15]
Arts and cultural life
File:Denton, Texas sightseeing low quality.ogvPlay media
Various sites in Denton, including the Denton Square, the Courthouse-on-the-Square, and the University of North Texas

Denton is home to several annual artistic and cultural events that cater to residents and tourists. The annual North Texas State Fair and Rodeo began in 1928 and promotes the cowboy culture of Texas. In addition to a rodeo, the event features several local country rock performances, pageants, and food contests. Hosted by the North Texas State Fairgrounds since 1948, the fair brings in over 150,000 people during its nine-day run. The Denton Municipal Airport has hosted the annual Denton Airshow since 1998. The event includes aerial demonstrations and airplane exhibits; it attracted over 10,000 attendees in 2012.[16] Other events in the city include an annual Redbud Festival,[17][18] the Fiesta on the Square,[19] and the Thin Line Documentary Film Fest.[20]

Denton houses the largest community garden in the USA, specifically Shiloh Field Community Garden, which measures at 14.5 acres of land.[21]
Music
See also: Musicians from Denton, Texas

The local independent music scene in Denton has emerged alongside Denton's academic music establishments, including the University of North Texas College of Music.[22] The city's live music venues are largely supported by Denton's college town atmosphere, although show attendance is bolstered by area residents.[23] The Dallas Observer features a column on Denton's local music scene.[24] In 2007 and 2008, Denton's music scene received feature attention from The Guardian, Pop Matters, and The New York Times.[25] Paste Magazine named Denton's music scene the best in the United States in 2008.[26] The city-sponsored Denton Arts and Jazz Festival attracts over 200,000 people each year for live music, food, crafts, and recreation at Civic Center Park.[27] Bands such as Tower of Power, Brave Combo, and Arturo Sandoval have performed at the festival, as well as jazz groups from the University of North Texas.[28] With hopes of creating a live music event similar to South by Southwest, Denton held the first annual North by 35 Music Festival, now called 35 Denton, in March 2009.[29][30] In 2014 the Huffington Post listed Denton as the number one emerging cultural hot spot in Texas to visit while referring to Denton as "Practically an indie band factory at this point..."[31]
Denton Square
Denton Historic Town Square

The Denton Square, bordered by Oak, Hickory, Locust, and Elm Streets, is a cultural and political hub of the city. At its center is the Denton County Courthouse-on-the-Square, which includes local government offices and a museum showcasing area history and culture.[32] Listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, the former county courthouse was restored for the Texas Sesquicentennial in 1986.[33] The positive response to the renovation sparked a downtown revitalization program that generated new jobs and reinvestment capital.[34] The downtown square is populated by local shops and restaurants, some of which have been in business since the 1940s. Each year, the downtown square is adorned with lights and spotlighted during the Denton Holiday Lighting Festival.[35]
Government
Front picture of a two-story administration building on a cloudy day. The walkway is shown leading up to the building including a circular garden in with white flowers forming a star.
Denton County Courts Building

Denton is the county seat of Denton County. From 1914 to 1959, the City of Denton used a mayor–city commission system, but a charter adopted in 1959 created a council–manager form of city government.[7] Residents elect a mayor, four single-member district council members, and two at-large members. The city manager is appointed by the Denton City Council.[7] Council terms are for two years, with a maximum of three consecutive terms, and elections are held each year in May.[36] Utilities are administered by Denton Municipal Utilities; the city provides water, wastewater, electric, drainage and solid waste service. The electric utility, Denton Municipal Electric (DME), has been in operation since 1905. In 2009, DME began providing 40 percent of its energy to customers through renewable resources. The City of Denton Water Utilities Department serves the city's water demand. Atmos Energy provides the city's natural gas.[37] Denton is a part of the Sister Cities International program and maintains cultural and economic exchange programs with its sister cities, Madaba in Jordan and San Nicolás de los Garza in Mexico.[38]

The city of Denton is a voluntary member of the North Central Texas Council of Governments association, the purpose of which is to coordinate individual and collective local governments and facilitate regional solutions, eliminate unnecessary duplication, and enable joint decisions.
State and national representation

Denton is located within U.S. House 26th Congressional district, which is represented by Michael C. Burgess. In the Texas Legislature, the city is in the 30th District in the Texas Senate, represented by Republican Craig Estes.[39] It is in the 64th District of the Texas House of Representatives, represented by Republican Myra Crownover since 2001.[40]

Several Texas state agencies have facilities in the city, including a Texas Workforce Center,[41] a Texas Department of Public Safety office,[42] a Texas Department of Criminal Justice office, and a Denton District Parole Office. The Denton State Supported Living Center, formerly Denton State School, is the largest residential facility for people with developmental disabilities in Texas. The center serves an 18-county area and employs approximately 1,500 people. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has its Region VI headquarters in Denton.[43]
Demographics
Map diagram showing median family income levels in Denton County. The southern area has a median family income in the $91,630 to $106,016 range. The northern area has a median range between $65,517 and $75,261. Downtown area has the lowest range at $23,828 to $41,453.
Map of median family income in Denton County in 1999
Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1870 361 —
1880 1,194 230.7%
1890 2,558 114.2%
1900 4,187 63.7%
1910 4,732 13.0%
1920 7,626 61.2%
1930 9,587 25.7%
1940 11,192 16.7%
1950 21,372 91.0%
1960 26,844 25.6%
1970 39,874 48.5%
1980 48,063 20.5%
1990 66,270 37.9%
2000 80,537 21.5%
2010 113,383 40.8%
Est. 2014 128,205 [44] 13.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[45]

Along with much of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, Denton has grown rapidly in recent years, becoming the seventh-fastest growing city with a population over 100,000 between 2010 and 2011.[46] The city has a population of 113,383 according to the 2010 United States Census, making it the 230th largest city in the United States and the 27th largest in Texas. The population density was 1,289.1 people per square mile. There were 46,211 housing units and 39,060 households in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 73.8% White, 10.3% African American, 4.1% Asian, 0.8% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race comprised 21.2% of the population. The median income for a household was $44,415 in 2010. The per capita income was $22,940. About 20.3% of the population were below the poverty line.[4]
Education

Denton Independent School District (DISD) provides the public primary and secondary educational system in the city. The district comprises three high schools, one alternative high school, and primary schools.[47] Small portions of the city extend into the Argyle and Sanger school districts. Denton is also host to several private schools with religious affiliations and alternative education models. According to the 2010 United States Census, 35.1% of all adults over the age of 25 in Denton have obtained a bachelor's degree, as compared to the state average of 25.8%, and 86.1% of residents over the age of 25 have earned a high school diploma, as compared to the state average of 80%.[4] Denton is served by the Denton Public Library, which has three branches: Emily Fowler Central Library, North Branch Library, and South Branch Library.[48]
University of North Texas
Large building with the words "Murchison Performing Arts Center University of North Texas" displayed in large letters.
The University of North Texas is the largest university in North Texas.
Main article: University of North Texas

The University of North Texas (UNT) in Denton is the flagship university of the University of North Texas System, which also includes the UNT Health Science Center in Fort Worth, the University of North Texas at Dallas, and UNT Dallas College of Law.[49] With an enrollment of 35,836 students, it is the fourth-largest university in the state. The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).[50] Its College of Music, the first school to offer a degree in the field of jazz studies, is nationally recognized.[22]
Texas Woman's University
Main article: Texas Woman's University

Texas Woman's University (TWU) is a public university in Denton with two health science center branches in Dallas and Houston. Founded in 1901, the university enrolls more than 13,000 undergraduates and graduates. Men have been admitted to TWU since 1972. TWU’s College of Nursing is the largest in Texas and the 11th largest in the United States, and the school's nursing doctoral program is the largest in the world.[51][52]
Economy

The educational services, health and social services, manufacturing, and general retail sectors employ over 20,000 people in Denton. The city's three largest educational institutions, including the University of North Texas, Denton Independent School District, and Texas Woman's University, are the largest employers, employing almost 12,000 people. The University of North Texas is the largest employer in the city, with 7,764 employees comprising 12.59% of the workforce. The City of Denton also employs more than 1,334 people.[53] Wholesale trade and hospitality jobs also play major roles.[54] Notable businesses headquartered in Denton include truck manufacturer Peterbilt, beauty supplier Sally Beauty Company, and jewelry producer Jostens. Golden Triangle Mall, the city's largest shopping complex with over 90 specialty shops, is a major source of retail trade.[55]
Top employers

According to the City's Workforce Report,[56] the top employers in Denton are:
# Employer Number of
employees
1 University of North Texas 8,887
2 Denton Independent School District 3,300
3 Peterbilt Motors 2,100
4 Texas Woman's University 1,787
5 Denton County 1,554
Media

Since 1899, the Denton Record-Chronicle has been the newspaper of record for Denton. When it was acquired by Belo Corporation in 1999, the newspaper had a circulation of 16,000.[57] The North Texas Daily and The Lasso provide daily and weekly news to students at the University of North Texas and Texas Woman's University. The city's public television station, Denton TV (DTV), covers city council meetings, restaurant scores, high school football, and educational programming.[58] UNT's television station, ntTV, is broadcast on local channels provided by Charter Communications and Verizon Communications. ntTV News is broadcast live Monday through Thursday.[59] KNTU 88.1 FM is UNT's official radio station. First aired in 1969, the station primarily plays a mixture of jazz and blues and covers local sports and news.[60]
Transportation
DCTA A-train station at Downtown Denton Transit Center

I-35E and I-35W, which split in Hillsboro south of the Metroplex and come north through Dallas and Fort Worth respectively, rejoin near the University of North Texas campus in the southwest part of Denton to form Interstate 35 as it continues north on its way to Oklahoma. Loop 288 partially encircles the city; it passes through the northern limits of the city by C. H. Collins Athletic Complex and the eastern side near Golden Triangle Mall. Highway 77 and 377 go through the historic town square and Highway 380 connects Denton to Frisco and McKinney in the east and Decatur in the west. Denton Municipal Airport is a public airport located 3 miles (4.8 km) west of the central business district (CBD) of Denton. This airport serves as home to various cargo and charter operators as well as two flight schools. A new terminal opened in 2008, but as of June 2008 no scheduled commuter service is in place.[61]
Mass transit

Denton is served by the Denton County Transportation Authority (DCTA), which operates express bus service to downtown Dallas and Lewisville. In 2011, Downtown Denton Transit Center and Medpark Station opened as commuter rail stations on DCTA's A-train.[62] DCTA also operates local bus service within the city and special university shuttles. Special Programs for Aging Needs (SPAN), a non-profit organization, offers paratransit service for senior citizens and people with disabilities of all ages.[63]
Health care
White building as a large hospital. This section shows four stories in height.
Denton Regional Medical Center, one of the major hospitals in Denton

Two major hospitals operate in Denton: Denton Regional Medical Center and Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Denton are both full-service hospitals with differing capacities: 208 beds and 255 beds, respectively.[64] Each employ more than 800 employees and are licensed with emergency services.[65]
Fracking ban

In response to a 2014 city referendum prohibiting hydraulic fracturing (fracking) that passed with 59% of the vote,[66] Texas enacted a law specifying "the exclusive jurisdiction of this state to regulate oil and gas operations in this state and the express preemption of local regulation of those operations",[67] though it allows some "commercially reasonable" rules.[68] Denton says it will "continue to enforce our current regulations to protect the health and safety of our residents, but we do not know how the operators or courts will react".[69]

Map of Texas, Joseph Hutchins Colton

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