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Clovis is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. The 2014 population was estimated to be 102,189.[10] Clovis is located 6.5 miles (10.5 km) northeast of downtown Fresno,[11] at an elevation of 361 feet (110 m).[12]
History
The city of Clovis began as a freight stop along the San Joaquin Valley Railroad. Organized on January 15, 1890, by Fresno businessmen Thomas E. Hughes, Fulton Berry, Gilbert R. Osmun, H.D. Colson, John D. Gray, and William M. Williams, in partnership with Michigan railroad speculator Marcus Pollasky, the SJVRR began construction in Fresno on July 4, 1891, and reached the farmlands of Clovis Cole and George Owen by October of that year. The railroad purchased right-of-way from both farmers, half from each – the east side from Cole and the west side from Owen - and ran tracks up the borderline between the two properties. The railroad agreed to establish a station on the west side of the tracks and to call it "Clovis". The Clovis station, after which the town was named, was positioned on the Owen side of the track.
Cole and Owen later sold land to Marcus Pollasky for development of a townsite. Fresno civil engineer Ingvart Tielman mapped the townsite on behalf of Pollasky on December 29, 1891. The original townsite featured streets named for the officers and principal investors of the railroad: (Benjamin) Woodworth, (Marcus) Pollasky, Fulton (Berry), (Thomas) Hughes, (Gerald) Osmun, and (O. D.) Baron. The townsite, named Clovis by Pollasky, was laid out on what was originally Owen's land.
The railroad was completed as far as the town of Hamptonville (now Friant) on the banks of the San Joaquin River, just 26 miles (42 km) from its point of origin in Fresno. At the time, Hamptonville was called "Pollasky". A celebration of the completion of track-laying was held at the Pollasky terminus on the Wednesday before Thanksgiving of 1891 with a reported 3,000 Fresnans attending. The railroad began official operation in January 1892.
The myth persists, even today, that the SJVRR was eventually to cross the Sierra and connect with an existing major railroad to create a transcontinental link. Articles of Incorporation for the San Joaquin Valley Railroad indicate unequivocally that the corporation intended to build a maximum of 100 miles of track, including sidings and spurs, through the agricultural acreage east of Fresno, then north to the timber and mineral resources of the Sierra foothills. The transcontinental wish seems to have been only naive conjecture on the part of those outside the project. However, connection to the Carson and Colorado Railroad lay just over the Sierras to the east, in less than 100 miles. So it is quite possible that connection to other roads would have made the transcontinental dreams a reality.
The first year of operation of the railroad coincided with the beginnings of a deep national economic decline. Farmers were unable to get profitable return on their crops, banks and railroads failed nationwide. The SJVRR was unable to generate sufficient revenues to pay its debt, was leased to the Southern Pacific Railroad and subsequently bought by SPRR in 1893. By reducing the railroad's schedule of operation and trimming costs, the Southern Pacific was able to turn a small profit in the first years after its acquisition.
At the same time that the railroad was being planned, a group of Michigan lumbermen began acquiring thousands of acres of timber in the Sierra Nevada about 75 miles northeast of Fresno. A dam was built across Stevenson Creek to create a lake that would enable them to move freshly cut timber to a mill beside the lake. They then constructed a 42-mile (68 km), 25-foot-high (7.6 m), V-shaped flume that started at the foot of the dam. As lumber was rough-cut at the mill, it was loaded into the flume and propelled by water to a planing mill east of the Clovis railroad station. The lumber mill and yard had its own network of rails to move lumber around the yard and to connect with the SJVRR just south of Clovis station.
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The completion in 1894 of the lumber flume and commencement of mill operations provided the impetus for further development of the area around the Clovis Station. The town began to take shape as lumber yard employees built homes close to their employment. Service businesses, churches, and schools became necessary, and the town was begun. Clovis's first post office opened in 1895.[11] An 1896 newspaper article describes the town as having a population approaching 500 citizens.
Clovis was incorporated as a city in February 1912. Principal streets in the town center are still named for the railroad's officers, except Fulton Street, which was later named Front Street, then Main Street, and is now Clovis Avenue.
The lumber mill burned in 1914 and was not rebuilt. The grounds are now occupied by Clark Intermediate School and the Clovis Rodeo Grounds.
The last surviving structure built by the railroad is a depot now located near the site of the original Clovis Station. Earliest photos, from about 1910, show the depot situated in front of the Tarpey winery south of the intersection of Ashlan and Clovis Avenues. In 1999 it was moved to its present location in the town's center, at the northeast corner of Clovis Avenue and Fourth Street, and was restored by the Clovis Big Dry Creek Historical Society with financing, labor, and materials donated by local businesses and contractors.
It should be noted that Marcus Pollasky was a lawyer, born in Michigan, but living in Chicago just before he came to Fresno. Throughout his life he tried to create several projects similar to the SJVRR, including projects in Eureka, California, Virginia, Michigan, and Oklahoma. Few were ever actually built. In 1896, Pollasky sued Collis P. Huntington in Los Angeles courts over the money he lost in Fresno, "while engaged in a joint venture with the defendant, Huntington." [13] It has long been speculated that Pollasky was an agent of the Southern Pacific, and this "joint venture" suit seems to prove that point. [14]
Clovis has a long history as a western town known for its slogan, "Clovis - A Way of Life". Since 1914, the Clovis Rodeo has been held on the last weekend in April, with a parade on Saturday morning, followed by the rodeo that afternoon and all day Sunday. Also contributing to the "Clovis way of life" are a number of street festivals, including Big Hat Days, ClovisFest, and the weekly Friday Night Farmer's Market held between mid-May and mid-September every year.
Many buildings in the town core have been renovated. Older storefronts on Clovis Avenue, the main street running through town, have been restored and new buildings have been designed with facades that resemble those found in the early 20th century. The historic center, with its fresh new look, has been reborn as "Old Town Clovis".
Geography
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According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 23.28 square miles (60.29nbsp;km²), all of it land.
Clovis is situated midway between Los Angeles and San Francisco, bordering Fresno, in the agriculturally rich San Joaquin Valley. Lying at the foot of the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, which includes Yosemite, Kings Canyon, and Sequoia National Parks, Clovis has been known as "Gateway to the Sierras" since its incorporation in 1912.
The formation of alluvial fans in this part of the San Joaquin Valley has led to a rather flat regional geography. The Clovis area has active and potentially active seismic fault zones.[15] The elevation of Clovis is approximately 355 feet (108 m) above mean sea datum[16] According to the Flood Hazard Boundary Map produced by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, part of Clovis is within the 100-year flood zone, such as some of the area near the Clovis Towne Center. The groundwater flow in Clovis is generally to the southwest.
Harlan Ranch
Harlan Ranch is located in Northeast Clovis and is the largest master planned community in the city with just over 1,700 homes currently built on an expansive 400-acre parcel. The community was started in 2006 and has been built out by homebuilders including Wathen Castanos Hybrid Homes, Benchmark Homes, and Wilson Homes. The master planned community features:
11 neighborhood parks
Tree lined walking and bike trails
A junior Olympic pool
A country club style community center
An amphitheater for movies in the park
A rock climbing wall
Bud Rank Elementary School[17]
Quail Lake
Quail Lake is a private lakeside community located in east Clovis. The community has approximately 700+ homes that are surrounded by a 57-acre lake with 1/3 of the homes being on the lake front. This community was planned with both the environment and homeowners in mind and includes:
Miles of biking and walking trails
Parks
A 4,500 square foot clubhouse
Community swimming pool with a kid's wading pool
Protected wetlands
Quail Lake Environmental Charter School[18]
The lake is stocked with fish and members of the community can fish, sail, or cruise the lake with an approved electric motor boat.
Demographics
Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1920 1,157 —
1930 1,316 13.7%
1940 1,626 23.6%
1950 2,766 70.1%
1960 5,546 100.5%
1970 13,856 149.8%
1980 33,021 138.3%
1990 50,323 52.4%
2000 68,468 36.1%
2010 95,631 39.7%
Est. 2014 102,189 [19] 6.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[20]
2010
The 2010 United States Census[21] reported that Clovis had a population of 95,631. The population density was 4,108.2 people per square mile (1,586.2/km²). The racial makeup of Clovis was 67,758 (70.9%) White, 2,618 (2.7%) African American, 1,320 (1.4%) Native American, 10,233 (10.7%) Asian, 218 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 8,857 (9.3%) from other races, and 4,627 (4.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 24,514 persons (25.6%).
The Census reported that 95,243 people (99.6% of the population) lived in households, 130 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 258 (0.3%) were institutionalized.
There were 33,419 households, out of which 13,718 (41.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 17,975 (53.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 4,554 (13.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,889 (5.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,985 (5.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 198 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 7,008 households (21.0%) were made up of individuals and 2,721 (8.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85. There were 24,418 families (73.1% of all households); the average family size was 3.32.
The population was spread out with 26,851 people (28.1%) under the age of 18, 9,572 people (10.0%) aged 18 to 24, 25,542 people (26.7%) aged 25 to 44, 23,559 people (24.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 10,107 people (10.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.1 years. For every 100 females there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.
There were 35,306 housing units at an average density of 1,516.7 per square mile (585.6/km²), of which 20,804 (62.3%) were owner-occupied, and 12,615 (37.7%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.4%. 60,767 people (63.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 34,476 people (36.1%) lived in rental housing units.
2000
As of the census[22] of 2000, there were 68,468 people, 24,347 households, and 17,675 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,000.2 people per square mile (1,544.1/km²). There were 25,250 housing units at an average density of 1,475.2 per square mile (569.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 75.8% White, 1.9% Black or African American, 1.5% Native American, 6.5% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 9.5% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. 20.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 24,347 households out of which 41.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.4% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.29.
In the city the population was spread out with 30.7% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $42,283, and the median income for a family was $50,859. Males had a median income of $39,630 versus $28,072 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,690. About 7.6% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.1% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Top employers
According to the City's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[23] the top employers in the city are:
# Employer # of Employees
1 Clovis Unified School District 5,300
2 Pelco 2,100
3 Clovis Community Medical Center 979
4 City of Clovis 631
5 Target 430
6 Alorica 339
7 Wal-Mart 332
8 AT&T Inc. 260
9 Save Mart 247
10 Costco 220
Cityscape
The Sierra Vista Mall is a 78-acre enclosed regional shopping center anchored by Target, Kohl's, Sears, Sierra Vista Cinemas 16, and MB2 Indoor Raceway.[24][25][26] Sierra Vista Mall was built in 1988 by the Hahn Company. Its original anchor stores were Mervyns, Gottschalks, and Target.[27] The mall was sold to Citicorp in 1995 and again to LandValue in 2002. A Sears was added in 1999 along with 10 other stores.[28] In 2006, an outdoor lifestyle center section was added, including several restaurants and a 16-screen movie theater. Both Mervyns and Gottschalks closed when the chains declared bankruptcy, in 2008 and 2009 respectively,[29] causing a decrease in mall foot traffic. The Gottschalks store was intended to reopen in 2010 as a flagship for a failed revival of the chain.[30] Kohl's replaced the Mervyns in 2010, and an indoor go-kart track replaced the former Gottschalks in 2014.[31][32] The mall was sold to LNR Property LLC in January 2015.[33][34]
Education
Clovis Unified School District
Main article: Clovis Unified School District
Elementary schools:
Cedarwood, Century, Clovis, Cole, Copper Hills, Cox, Dry Creek, Fancher Creek, Fort Washington, Freedom, Fugman, Garfield, Gettysburg, Jefferson, Liberty, Lincoln, Maple Creek, Miramonte, Mountain View, Nelson, Pinedale, Red Bank, Reagan Elementary, Riverview, Sierra Vista, Tarpey, Temperance-Kutner, Valley Oak, Weldon, Harold L. Woods, Bud Rank
Middle schools:
Clark Intermediate, Kastner Intermediate, Alta Sierra Intermediate, Reyburn Intermediate, Granite Ridge Intermediate
High schools:
Buchanan High School, Clovis East High School, Clovis High School, Clovis West High School, Clovis North High School, Enterprise High School, Excel High School, Gateway High School
Colleges
Clovis Community College, San Joaquin College of Law, Institute of Technology
Public libraries
Fresno County Public Library operates the Clovis Regional Library.[35]
Community-based organizations (nonprofits)
Clovis Amateur Radio Pioneers, an amateur radio club that serves Clovis and the Central Valley.
Notable people
Chris Colfer, American singer, actor and author, best known for portraying the role of Kurt Hummel on Glee.[36]
Aaron Hill, American actor, best known for his work on the ABC Family TV show, Greek
Tyler Clutts, NFL fullback for the Chicago Bears currently RB with the Houston Texans, attended Clovis High, class of '03
Daryle Lamonica, quarterback for the Buffalo Bills and the Oakland Raiders
Garrett Olson, a current pitcher for the Seattle Mariners attended Buchanan High.
John Taylor, a former wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers
Zack Follett, former linebacker for the Detroit Lions attended Clovis High
Aaron Ruell, Kip in Napoleon Dynamite
Jason Donald, infielder for the Cleveland Indians
Ryan Beatty, pop singer
Terry Cooney, American League umpire, 1974-92
Jason Von Flue, Professional Mixed-Martial Artist. UFC and The Ultimate Fighter, season 2 veteran.
Mary Loveless, immunologist
See also
Portal icon California portal
Burrough Valley
Tollhouse, California
Shaver Lake
References
"City of Clovis, California". City of Clovis, California. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
"California Cities by Incorporation Date" (Word). California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
"Clovis City Council". Clovis California. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
"Senators". State of California. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
"Members Assembly". State of California. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
"California's 22nd Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
"2010 Census U.S. Gazetteer Files – Places – California". United States Census Bureau.
"Clovis". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
"Clovis (city) QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
"American FactFinder - Results". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Clovis, Calif.: Word Dancer Press. p. 1018. ISBN 1-884995-14-4.
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Clovis, California
Los Angeles Herald article, March 28, 1896
San Francisco Call article, December 24, 1896
Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, Clovis Towne Center, Clovis, California, Earth Metrics Inc report 10283, October, 1989
U.S. Geological Survey, Clovis, California, 7.5 Minute Quadrangle, 1964, (photorevised 1972).
http://budrank.cusd.com/
http://quaillake.sanger.k12.ca.us/
"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
"Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
"2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Clovis city". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
"American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
City of Clovis CAFR
"Sierra Vista Mall Clovis California. About us.". Retrieved 2014-07-13. "Sierra Vista Mall is a 78-acre regional shopping center..."
Marybeth Nibley, AP Business Writer (November 25, 1989). "Customers cram into stores, malls". The Free Lance-Star (Fredericsburg, VA). Retrieved 2014-07-13. "Thousands stopped by the 59-store Sierra Vista Mall in Clovis, Calif.,"
Chuck Harvey (March 13, 2014). "Go-karts near green flag at Sierra Vista Mall". The Business Journal. Retrieved 2014-07-13. "The Clovis City Council last year approved the...construction of the racecourse... ...general manager of the Sierra Vista Mall...said the go-kart facility will attract people from as far away as Bakersfield..."
"Sierra Vista Mall". Stores: The Bulletin of the N.R.D.G.A. (National Retail Dry Goods Association) 70 (1-6): 39.
Hostetter, George (18 August 1999). "Fresno, Calif., Mall Attracts New Stores, Bigger Locations.". Tribune Business News. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
"Gottschalks to leave Sierra Vista Mall". abclocal.go.com. 13 July 2009. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
Sheehan, Tim (14 June 2010). "Gottschalks' relative finds hidden history". Oakland Tribune. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
Lee, Bohnia (23 January 2015). "Sierra Vista Mall in Clovis sold at auction for $39 million". Fresno Bee. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
Harvey, Chuck (13 March 2014). "Go-karts near green flag at Sierra Vista Mall". The Business Journal. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
Lurie, George (30 January 2015). "Sierra Vista Mall's new management to focus on leasing". The Business Journal. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
Lurie, George (22 January 2015). "Sierra Vista Mall sold in foreclosure proceeding". The Business Journal. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
"Clovis Regional Library." Fresno County Public Library. Retrieved on June 27, 2010.
"Chris Colfer's Gaga Gaffe". The Advocate. Retrieved October 25, 2011.
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