Baton Rouge (/ˌbætən ˈruːʒ/; French for "Red Stick", French: Bâton-Rouge [batɔ̃ ʁuːʒ] ) is the capital of the U.S. state of Louisiana and its second-largest city. The seat of East Baton Rouge Parish, the city is located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River.

As the "Capital City," Baton Rouge is the political hub for Louisiana,[3] and is the second-largest metropolitan city in the state, with a growing population of 229,426 people as of 2013.[4] The metropolitan area surrounding the city, known as Greater Baton Rouge, has a population of 820,159 people as of 2013.[4] The urban area has around 594,309 inhabitants.

Baton Rouge is a major industrial, petrochemical, medical, research, motion picture,[5] and growing technology[6] center of the American South. The Port of Baton Rouge is the ninth largest in the United States in terms of tonnage shipped, and is the farthest upstream Mississippi River port capable of handling Panamax ships.[7][8]

The Baton Rouge area owes its historical importance to its strategic site upon the Istrouma Bluff, the first natural bluff upriver from the Mississippi River Delta. This allowed development of a business quarter safe from seasonal flooding. In addition, the city built a levee system stretching from the bluff southward to protect the riverfront and low-lying agricultural areas. The city is a culturally rich center, with settlement by immigrants from numerous European nations and African peoples. It was ruled by seven different governments: French, British, and Spanish in the colonial era, West Floridian, United States territory and state, Confederate, and United States again.

History
Main articles: History of Baton Rouge and Timeline of Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d'Iberville named Baton Rouge and lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas in the early French colonial era.
Beginnings

The European-American history of Baton Rouge dates from 1699, when French explorer Sieur d'Iberville leading an exploration party up the Mississippi River saw a reddish cypress pole festooned with carcasses marking the boundary between the Houma and Bayou Goula tribal hunting grounds. They called the pole and its location le bâton rouge, or the red stick. The local Native American name for the site was Istrouma. (See Creek War for discussion of Red Sticks as related to Creek group.)

From evidence found along the Mississippi, Comite, and Amite rivers, and in three Native American mounds remaining in the city, archaeologists have been able to date indigenous habitation of the Baton Rouge area to 8000 BC.[9] The complex earthwork mounds were built by hunter-gatherer societies in the Middle Archaic period, perhaps as early as 4500 BC, more than a thousand years before the pyramids of Egypt were begun.[10]
Old Louisiana State Capitol

The settlement of Baton Rouge by Europeans began in 1719 when a military post was established by French colonists. Since European settlement, Baton Rouge has been governed by France, Britain, Spain, Louisiana, the Florida Republic, the Confederate States, and the United States. In 1755, when French-speaking settlers of Acadia in Canada's Maritime provinces were driven into exile by British forces, many took up residence in rural Louisiana. Popularly known as Cajuns, the descendants of the Acadians maintained a separate culture that immeasurably enriched the Baton Rouge area. During the first half of the 19th century, the city grew steadily as the result of steamboat trade and transportation.

Incorporated in 1817, Baton Rouge became Louisiana's state capital in 1849. The architect James Dakin was hired to design the Capitol building in Baton Rouge. Rather than mimic the federal Capitol in Washington, as many other states had done, he designed a capitol styled like a Neo-Gothic medieval cathedral, complete with turrets and crenellations, and stained glass, which overlooks the Mississippi. It has been described as the "most distinguished example of Gothic Revival" architecture in the state and has been designated as a National Historic Landmark.[11]

In 1822, the Pentagon Barracks complex of buildings was completed. The site has been used by the Spanish, French, British, Confederate States Army, and United States Army and was part of the short-lived Republic of West Florida.[12] In 1951, ownership of the barracks was transferred to the State of Louisiana and in 1976, it was placed on the National Historic Register.[13]

By the outbreak of the Civil War, the population of Baton Rouge was nearly 5,500. The war nearly halted economic progress, except for businesses associated with supplying the Union Army occupation of the city beginning in the spring of 1862. The Confederates at first consolidated their forces elsewhere, during which time the state government was moved to Opelousas and later Shreveport. In the summer of 1862, about 2,600 Confederate troops under generals John C. Breckinridge (the former Vice President of the United States) and Daniel Ruggles tried in vain to recapture Baton Rouge.

After the war, New Orleans served as the seat of the Reconstruction-era state government. When the Bourbon Democrats regained power in 1882, they returned the state government to Baton Rouge, where it has since remained. Karl Baedeker in his 1893 guidebook described Baton Rouge as "the Capital of Louisiana, a quaint old place with 10,378 inhabitants, on a bluff above the Mississippi."[14]
Map of Baton Rouge in 1863
Today

In the 1950s and 1960s, Baton Rouge experienced a boom in the petrochemical industry, causing the city to expand away from the original center. In recent years, government and business have begun a move back to the central district. A building boom that began in the 1990s continues today, with multi-million dollar projects for quality of life improvements and new construction happening all over the city.

In the 2000s (decade), Baton Rouge has proven to be one of the fastest-growing cities in the South in terms of technology. Baton Rouge's population temporarily exploded after Hurricane Katrina, as it accepted as many as 200,000 displaced residents. Metropolitan Baton Rouge is one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the U.S. (under 1 million), with 602,894 in 2000 and 802,484 people as of the 2010 census.[15] Some estimates indicate that the Baton Rouge metro area could reach 900,000 residents as soon as 2013.[16]

The city has a mix of the cultures found throughout Louisiana, from which it developed its motto: "Authentic Louisiana at every turn".[17]
Geography and climate
Baton Rouge as viewed from the International Space Station

Baton Rouge is located at 30°27′29″N 91°8′25″W (30.45, −91.14) on the banks of the Mississippi River in Southeastern Louisiana.[18] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 79.1 square miles (204.9 km2), of which 76.8 square miles (198.9 km2) is land and 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2) (2.81%) is water.

The city is located in the Mississippi River Delta on the first set of bluffs north of the delta's coastal plains. Because of its prominent location along the river and on the bluffs, which prevents flooding, the French built a fort in the city in 1719.[19]

Baton Rouge is the third southmost capital city in the continental United States, after Austin, Texas and Tallahassee, Florida.
Tallest buildings
Main article: List of tallest buildings in Baton Rouge
Downtown Baton Rouge
Downtown Baton Rouge from the observation deck of the Louisiana State Capitol
JP Morgan Chase Building and Riverside Tower

Baton Rouge's tallest buildings are as follows:[20][21]
Name Stories Height
Louisiana State Capitol (Capitol Park; tallest state capitol building in the U.S.) 34 450 ft (137 m)
One American Place 24 310 ft (94 m)
JPMorgan Chase Tower (Chase) 21 277 ft (84 m)
Riverside Tower North (Chase) 20 229 ft (70 m)
Marriott Hotel Baton Rouge 22 224 ft (68 m)
Neighborhoods
Main article: Neighborhoods of Baton Rouge

Baton Rouge has many neighborhoods both inside and outside the city limits:
Houses in the University Lakes neighborhood

Arbor Walk
Banks
Beechwood
Belfair
Beauregard Town
Bird Station (Old)
Bird Station (New)
Bocage
The Bottom
Broadmoor
Brookstown
Brownfields
Camelot
Capital Heights
Cedarcrest
Centurion Place
Concord
Country Club of Louisiana
Dixie
Eden Park
Easytown
Fairfields

Froggy Mo
Gardere
Garden District
Goodwood
Glen Oaks
Ghosttown
Greendale
Inniswold
Hickory Ridge
Jefferson Terrace
Kenilworth
Lake Beau Pré
Lakes at Highland [22]
Mall City
Magnolia Woods
Mayfair
Mcdonald land
Melrose Place
Merrydale
Mid-City
Millerville
Monticello
North Gate
North Sherwood

Northdale
Oak Hills Place
Ogden Park
Old Hermitage
Old Jefferson
Orleans Place
Parkview Oaks
Parktown
Pelican Bay
Pollard Estates
Riverbend
Riverdale
River Oaks
River Oaks East
Santa Maria
Scotlandville
Shenandoah
Sherwood Forest
South Baton Rouge
Southdowns
Southern Heights
Spanish Town

Stratford Place
Tara
Tigerland
The Avenue's
The Field
The Lake
The Maryland
University Acres
University Club
University Gardens
University Hills
University Lakes
Valley Park
Victoria Gardens
Villa Del Rey
Village St. George
Wedgewood
Westdale Heights
Westminster
White Oak Landing
Woodgate
Woodlands
Woodlawn Estates
Woodstone
Zion City

Climate

Baton Rouge has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with mild winters, hot and humid summers, moderate to heavy rainfall, and the possibility of damaging winds and tornadoes yearlong. The area's average precipitation is 55.55 inches (1,411 mm) of rain and 0.1 inches (0.25 cm) inches of snow annually. With ample precipitation, Baton Rouge is fifth on the list of wettest cities in the United States. Snow in the Baton Rouge area is usually rare, although it snowed in three consecutive years recently: on December 11, 2008, on December 4, 2009 and on February 12, 2010.

The yearly average temperature for Baton Rouge is 67.5 °F (19.7 °C) while the average temperature for January is 51.21 °F (10.67 °C) and August is 80.54 °F (26.97 °C). The area is usually free from extremes in temperature with some cold winter fronts but those are usually brief.[23]

Baton Rouge's proximity to the coastline exposes the metropolitan region to hurricanes. On September 1, 2008, Hurricane Gustav struck the city and would become the worst hurricane ever to hit the Baton Rouge area. Winds topped 100 mph (160 km/h), knocking down trees and powerlines and making roads impassable. The roofs of many buildings suffered tree damage, especially in the Highland Road, Garden District, and Goodwood areas. The city was shut down for five days and a curfew was put in effect. Rooftop shingles were ripped off, signs blown down, and minor structural damage occurred.

Climate data for Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Metropolitan Airport), 1981–2010 normals
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high, °F (°C)	85 (29)	88 (31)	93 (34)	96 (36)	101 (38)	103 (39)	103 (39)	110 (43)	104 (40)	98 (37)	89 (32)	88 (31)	110 (43)
Average high, °F (°C)	62.3 (16.8)	65.7 (18.7)	72.7 (22.6)	79.3 (26.3)	86.2 (30.1)	90.9 (32.7)	92.2 (33.4)	92.5 (33.6)	88.7 (31.5)	80.8 (27.1)	71.9 (22.2)	64.1 (17.8)	78.9 (26.1)
Daily mean, °F (°C)	51.7 (10.9)	55.1 (12.8)	61.5 (16.4)	68.1 (20.1)	75.7 (24.3)	81.1 (27.3)	83.0 (28.3)	82.9 (28.3)	78.6 (25.9)	69.3 (20.7)	60.4 (15.8)	53.4 (11.9)	68.4 (20.2)
Average low, °F (°C)	41.2 (5.1)	44.5 (6.9)	50.3 (10.2)	56.8 (13.8)	65.2 (18.4)	71.4 (21.9)	73.7 (23.2)	73.4 (23)	68.5 (20.3)	57.9 (14.4)	48.9 (9.4)	42.7 (5.9)	57.9 (14.4)
Record low, °F (°C)	9 (−13)	2 (−17)	20 (−7)	31 (−1)	40 (4)	53 (12)	58 (14)	58 (14)	43 (6)	30 (−1)	21 (−6)	8 (−13)	2 (−17)
Average precipitation, inches (mm)	5.72 (145.3)	5.04 (128)	4.41 (112)	4.46 (113.3)	4.89 (124.2)	6.41 (162.8)	4.96 (126)	5.82 (147.8)	4.54 (115.3)	4.70 (119.4)	4.10 (104.1)	5.60 (142.2)	60.65 (1,540.4)
Average snowfall, inches (cm)	0 (0)	0.2 (0.5)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.2 (0.5)
Average precipitation (≥ 0.01 in) days	9.9	8.8	8.3	7.5	7.9	12.1	12.9	11.8	8.5	7.5	8.5	9.1	112.8
Average relative humidity, %	62	75	73	73.5	74	75	76	78	77.5	75	72.7	73.5	76.5
Source: NOAA [24] The Weather Channel (record temperatures) [25]

National Protected Areas

Atchafalaya National Heritage Area
Baton Rouge National Cemetery
Independence Park Botanic Gardens
Laurens Henry Cohn, Sr. Memorial Plant Arboretum
LSU Hilltop Arboretum
Magnolia Cemetery (Baton Rouge, Louisiana)
Port Hudson National Cemetery

Demographics
Baton Rouge City Hall (formerly the Governmental Building)
Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1810 0 —
1830 0 —
1840 2,269 —
1850 3,905 72.1%
1860 5,428 39.0%
1870 6,498 19.7%
1880 7,197 10.8%
1890 10,478 45.6%
1900 11,269 7.5%
1910 14,897 32.2%
1920 21,782 46.2%
1930 30,729 41.1%
1940 34,719 13.0%
1950 125,629 261.8%
1960 152,419 21.3%
1970 165,921 8.9%
1980 220,394 32.8%
1990 219,531 −0.4%
2000 227,818 3.8%
2010 229,493 0.7%
Est. 2014 228,895 [26] −0.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[27]
2013 Estimate[2]

As of the census of 2010, there were 229,553 people; per the 2010 census, 88,973 households, and 52,672 families residing in the city. The 2000 population density was 2,964.8 people per square mile (1,144.7/km²). There were 97,388 housing units at an average density of 1,267.3 per square mile (489.4/km²). According to the 2010 the racial makeup of the city was 50.4% Black or African American, 40.8% White, 0.5% Native American, 3.5% Asian, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino were 3.5% of the population. Non-Hispanic Whites were 37.8% of the population,[28] down from 70.5% in 1970.[29]

Of all households, 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.8% were married couples living together, 19.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.8% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the city the population was spread out with 24.4% under the age of 18, 17.5% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,368, and the median income for a family was $40,266. Males had a median income of $34,893 versus $23,115 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,512. About 18.0% of families and 24.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.4% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those ages 65 or over.

At the 2005–2007 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates, 32.4% of the population had a Bachelor's degree or higher.
Economy

Baton Rouge enjoys a strong economy that has helped the city be ranked as one of the "Top 10 Places for Young Adults" in 2010 by Portfolio Magazine[30] and one of the top 20 cities in North America for economic strength by Brookings.[31] In 2009, the city was ranked as the 9th best place in the country to start a new business by CNN.[32] Lamar Advertising Company has its headquarters in Baton Rouge.[33]

Baton Rouge is the furthest inland port on the Mississippi River that can accommodate ocean-going tankers and cargo carriers. The ships transfer their cargo (grain, crude, cars, containers) at Baton Rouge onto rails and pipelines (to travel east-west) or barges (to travel north). Deep-draft vessels cannot pass the Old Huey Long Bridge because the clearance is insufficient, and the river depth decreases significantly just to the north, near Port Hudson.[34]

Baton Rouge's largest industry is petrochemical production and manufacturing. The ExxonMobil facility in Baton Rouge is the second-largest oil refinery in the country; it is among the world's 10 largest. Baton Rouge also has rail, highway, pipeline, and deep water access.[35]
ExxonMobil oil refinery seen from the Capitol tower

Albemarle is headquartered in Baton Rouge. Dow Chemical Company has a large plant in Iberville Parish near Plaquemine.[36] NanYa Technology Corporation has a large facility in North Baton Rouge that makes PVC and CPVC pipes. Shaw Construction, Turner, and Harmony all started with performing construction work at these plants.
CB&I local office on Essen Lane, a commercial office corridor

As well as being the state capital and parish seat, the city is also the home of Louisiana State University. One of the largest single employers in Baton Rouge is the state government, which recently consolidated all branches of state government downtown at the "Capitol Park" complex.[37]

The research hospitals Our Lady of the Lake, Our Lady of the Lake Children's Hospital (affiliated with St. Jude Children's Research Hospital), Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, and Earl K. Long, helped by an emerging medical corridor at Essen Lane/Summa Avenue/Bluebonnet Boulevard, are positioning Baton Rouge to eventually support a medical district similar to the Texas Medical Center. LSU and Tulane have both announced plans to construct satellite medical campuses in Baton Rouge to partner with Our Lady of the Lake Medical Center and Baton Rouge General Medical Center, respectively.[32]

Southeastern Louisiana University and Our Lady of the Lake College both have nursing schools in the medical district off Essen Lane. Louisiana State University's Pennington Biomedical Research Center, which conducts clinical and biological research, also contributes to research-related employment in the area around the Baton Rouge medical district.

The film industry in Louisiana has increased dramatically in the last decade, in response to generous tax incentives adopted by the state in 2002. In September 2013 the Baton Rouge Film Commission reported that the industry had brought more than $90 million into the local economy in 2013.[38] Baton Rouge's largest production facility is the Celtic Media Centre, opened in 2006 by a local group in collaboration with Raleigh Studios of Los Angeles; Raleigh dropped its involvement in 2014.[39]
Top employers

According to the City's 2013 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[40] the top employers in the city were:
# Employer # of Employees
1 State of Louisiana 22,120
2 Turner Industries 9,671
3 East Baton Rouge Parish Public Schools 6,250
4 Louisiana State University 5,600
5 City of Baton Rouge - Parish of East Baton Rouge 4,612
6 ExxonMobil Chemical - Baton Rouge Refinery 4,213
7 CB&I 4,009
8 Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center 3,500
9 Performance Contractors 3,000
10 Baton Rouge General Medical Center 2,000
Culture

Baton Rouge is the middle ground of South Louisiana cultures, having a mix of Cajun and Creole Catholics and Baptists of the Florida Parishes and South Mississippi. Baton Rouge is a college city with Baton Rouge Community College, Louisiana State University, Our Lady of the Lake College, and Southern University whose students make up some 20% of the city population. There is a sizable international population of about 11,300, the largest of which are people of Hispanic or Vietnamese descent. Due to this, Baton Rouge has come to have a unique culture as well as be a representation of many different heritages.[41]
Baton Rouge River Center in Downtown
Arts and theater

Baton Rouge has an expanding visual arts scene, which is centered downtown. This increasing collection of venues includes the Shaw Center for the Arts.[42] Opened in 2005, this award-winning facility houses the Brunner Gallery, LSU Museum of Art, the Manship Theatre, a contemporary art gallery, traveling exhibits, and several eateries. Another prominent facility is the Louisiana Art and Science Museum (LASM),[43] which contains Irene W. Pennington Planetarium, traveling art exhibits, space displays, and an ancient Egyptian section. Several smaller art galleries, including the Baton Rouge Gallery, offering a range of local art are scattered throughout the city.

The city has several designated arts & cultural districts,[44] the most prominent of which are the Mid-City Cultural District and the Perkins Road Arts District. These districts provide tax incentives, mostly in the form of exempting state tax on purchases, to promote cultural activity in these areas.

There is also an emerging performance arts scene. LSU's Swine Palace is the foremost theatre company in the city, largely made up of students of LSU's MFA acting program, as well as professional actors and stage managers.[45] There is also a budding group of physical theatre and circus artists at LSU, who most recently traveled to Edinburgh, Scotland in Summer 2012 to perform Dante in the world's largest Fringe Festival. The show ran in Baton Rouge before going to Fringe, and featured movement, acrobatics, and aerial silk.[46]

The Baton Rouge Little Theater offers a diverse selection of live theatre performances. Opera Louisiane is Baton Rouge's newest and only professional opera company. The Baton Rouge Ballet Theatre is Baton Rouge's professional dance company. The Nutcracker – A Tale from the Bayou sets the familiar holiday classic in 19th-century Louisiana and has become a Baton Rouge holiday tradition. A Tale from the Bayou features professional dancers, a live orchestra and more than 300 area children.[47][48]

Performing venues include the Baton Rouge River Center, Baton Rouge River Center Theatre for the Performing Arts, which seats approximately 1900, the Manship Theatre, which is located in the Shaw Center for the Arts and seats 350, as well as the Reilly Theater which is home to Swine Palace, a non-profit professional theater company associated with the Louisiana State University Department of Theatre.
Shaw Center for the Arts in Downtown

In addition, the Baton Rouge Symphony Orchestra has been in service since 1947, and currently operates at the River Center Music Hall downtown.[49] Today, there are over 60 concerts annually performed by the Baton Rouge Symphony Orchestra directed by Timothy Muffitt and David Torns.[49] The BRSO's educational component, the Louisiana Youth Orchestra, made its debut in 1984 and currently includes almost 180 musicians under the age of 20.[50]
Events

Many events take place throughout the year. Every year Baton Rouge hosts many Mardi Gras parades, the largest one being held in historic Spanish Town. Other festivals include the biannual Restaurant Week, FestforAll, Louisiana Earth Day, Mardi Gras season, the Wearin' of the Green St. Patrick's Day Parade, Bayou Country Superfest,[51] and Red Stick International Animation Festival.[52]
Miss USA Pageants
Miss Louisiana USA Brittany Guidry, Miss USA 2014, Preliminary Evening Gown Competition

In 2014, Baton Rouge was chosen to hose the Miss USA Pageant. It took over downtown Baton Rouge as Nia Sanchez, Miss Nevada USA, took home the crown, with Miss Louisiana USA Brittany Guidry coming close to the win with the third runner-up spot and fourth overall. Veteran pageant host Giuliana Rancic and MSNBC news anchor Thomas Roberts introduced the 51 contestants before judges whittled them down to 20 semi-finalists to compete in the swimsuit, evening gown and interview competitions. Cosmo weighed in on the contest, complimenting home state girl Miss Louisiana.[53] Celebrity judges including actress Rumer Willis, NBA star Karl Malone, singer Lance Bass and actor Ian Ziering.[54] In its 62-year history, this was the first year viewers got to vote to keep one of their favorite contestants in the top six by tweeting the hashtag #SaveTheQueen bringing the pageant into the modern age of social media. Baton Rouge was also the site of the 2005 Miss Teen USA Pageant. "The hospitality shown to us while we were there was second to none," Paula Shugart (Miss USA President), said. "The sense of community that Baton Rouge has is incredibly inspiring.[55]"

It was announced that Baton Rouge will host the pageant again in July 2015.
Libraries

The State Library of Louisiana is in Baton Rouge. The Louisiana Legislature created the Louisiana Library Commission in 1920. This would later become the State Library of Louisiana. The State Library provides Louisiana residents with millions of items with its collections, electronic resources and the statewide network for lending. This allows the library to fulfill all requests from its citizens.[56]

The East Baton Rouge Parish Library System has 14 local libraries with one main library and 13 community libraries. The main library at Goodwood houses genealogy and local history archives. The library system is an entity of the city-parish government. The system has been in operation since 1939. It is governed by the EBR Parish government and directed by the Library Board of Control. The Baton Rouge Metropolitan Council appoints the seven member board and then the Board appoints a Director. According to its website, all branches are open seven days a week to assist the public with everything from reference and information to computer access.[57]

The Louisiana State Archives’ Main Research Library is located in Baton Rouge as well. It houses general history books, census indexes, immigration schedules, church records and family histories. The Library also has a computerized database of more than two million names that has various information about these people including census info, marriage info and social security filing info.[58]
Tourism and recreation
See also: Points of Interest of Baton Rouge

There are many architectural points of interest in Baton Rouge, ranging from antebellum to modern. The neo-gothic Old Louisiana State Capitol was built in the 1890s as the first state house in Baton Rouge and was later replaced by the 450 feet (137 m) tall, art-deco New Louisiana State Capitol which was the tallest building in the South when it was completed. Several plantation homes in the area such as Magnolia Mound Plantation House, Myrtles Plantation, and Nottoway Plantation showcase antebellum-era architecture. Louisiana State University has over 250 buildings in Italian Renaissance style, one of the nation's largest college stadiums, and is endowed with many live oaks. Several examples of modern and contemporary buildings are downtown, including the Capitol Park Museum.[59][60] A number of structures, including the Baton Rouge River Center, Louisiana State Library, LSU Student Union, Louisiana Naval Museum, Bluebonnet Swamp Interpretive Center, Louisiana Arts and Sciences Center, Louisiana State Archive and Research Library, and the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, were designed by local architect John Desmond.[61] The Pentagon Barracks Museum and Visitors Center is located within the barracks complex and the Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad Company Depot, currently houses the Louisiana Art and Science Museum.[62]
USS Kidd (DD-661) located downtown on the river. Part of the Louisiana Naval Museum

Museums around town offer a variety of genres. The Capitol Park Museum and the Old Louisiana State Capitol Museum display information on state history and have many interactive exhibits. The Shaw Center for the Arts showcases and the Louisiana Art and Science Museum showcase varied arts. LASM also includes science exhibits and a planetarium. Other museums include the LSU Museum of Natural Science and the USS Kidd.

Other attractions include the Mall at Cortana and the Mall of Louisiana (Louisiana's two largest malls) and Perkins Rowe, amusement parks of Dixie Landin'/ Blue Bayou, and dining at the Louisiana-cuisine restaurants.
Sports

College sports play a major role in the culture of Baton Rouge. The LSU Tigers and the Southern University Jaguars are NCAA Division I athletic programs with the LSU Tigers football and Southern Jaguars football teams being the local college American football teams. The LSU football team has won 11 Southeastern Conference titles, six Sugar Bowls and three national championships. College baseball, basketball and gymnastics are also popular.[63][64]

Baton Rouge has had multiple minor-league baseball teams, soccer teams, indoor football teams, a basketball team and a hockey team. The Baton Rouge Rugby Football Club or Baton Rouge Redfish 7, which began playing in 1977, has won numerous conference championships. Currently, the team competes in the Deep South Rugby Football Union.[65] It also has an Australian rules football team, the Baton Rouge Tigers, which began playing in 2004 and competes in the USAFL.
Nottoway Plantation located near White Castle, Louisiana
Parks and recreation

Baton Rouge has an extensive park collection run through BREC (The Recreation & Park Commission for the Parish of East Baton Rouge). The largest park is City Park near LSU. The Baton Rouge Zoo is run through BREC and includes 1800+ species.[66]
Government

The City of Baton Rouge and the Parish of East Baton Rouge has been run by a consolidated government since 1947, which combined the City of Baton Rouge government with the rural areas of the parish. The City and Parish are served by the Metropolitan Council and the Mayor-President. BRgov.com is the official government website for the City of Baton Rouge and the Parish of East Baton Rouge.[67]
Mayor-President
Mayor-President, Melvin L. "Kip" Holden

The Mayor-President is the Mayor of the City of Baton Rouge and the President of East Baton Rouge Parish. The Mayor-President's duties include setting the agenda for the government and managing the government's day-to-day functions. He is also responsible for supervising departments, as well as appointing the department heads. The Mayor is unable to set the city's public policy because that is the role of the Metropolitan Council. However, the Mayor-President does have some influence on the public policy by who he appoints and his relationships with Council members.

The current Mayor-President of Baton Rouge is Kip Holden. He was first elected in 2004 and was re-elected in 2008 and 2012.[67][68]
Metropolitan Council
A map of East Baton Rouge Parish districts

When the city and parish combined government, the city and parish councils consolidated to form the East Baton Rouge Parish Metropolitan Council. The Metro Council is made up of 12 district council members with one member being elected to serve as Mayor Pro Tempore.

The Metro Council is the legislative branch of the City of Baton Rouge and East Baton Rouge Parish. The Mayor Pro Tem presides over the council's meetings and acts as the Mayor-President if he/she is unable to be present. The council members serve four year terms and can hold office for three terms.

The Metro Council's main responsibilities are setting the policy for the government, passing legislation and approving the city's budget. The Council makes policies for the following: the City and Parish General Funds, all districts created by the Council, the Greater Baton Rouge Airport District, the Public Transportation Commission, the East Baton Rouge Parish Sewerage Control Commission and the Greater Baton Rouge Parking Authority.[67]

The current council members are Mayor Pro Tempore Chandler Loupe, Trae Welch, Chauna Banks-Daniel, Scott Wilson, Ronnie Edwards, Donna Collins-Lewis, C. Denise Marcelle, Buddy Amoroso, Joel Boé, Tara Wicker, Ryan Heck, John Delgado.
Federal representation

The United States Postal Service operates post offices in Baton Rouge. The Baton Rouge Central Post Office is located at 750 Florida Street in Downtown Baton Rouge.[69]
Education
Main article: Education in Baton Rouge

Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, generally known as Louisiana State University or LSU, is a public, coeducational university that is the main campus of the Louisiana State University System. Enrollment stands at over 32,000 students, with 1,300 full-time faculty members.
Memorial Tower at Louisiana State University

Southern University and A&M College is part of the only historically black land grant university system in the United States. Southern became a land-grant school in 1890, and an Agricultural and Mechanical department was established. The university is the largest HBCU in Louisiana.

Virginia College opened in October 2010 and offers students training in areas like Cosmetology, Business, Health and Medical Billing.

Our Lady of the Lake College is an independent Catholic institution also in the Baton Rouge medical district that has programs in nursing, health sciences, humanities, behavioral sciences, and arts and sciences. It has an associated hospital, Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center.[70] Tulane University is also opening a satellite medical school at Baton Rouge General's Mid City Campus in 2011.[71]

Southeastern Louisiana University School of Nursing is located in the medical district on Essen Lane in Baton Rouge. Southeastern offers traditional baccalaureate and master's degree programs as well as LPN and RN to BSN articulation.
Baton Rouge Community College Library

Baton Rouge Community College is an open-admission, two-year post-secondary public community college, established on June 28, 1995. The college settled into a permanent location in 1998. The college's current enrollment is more than 8,000 students.[72]

The Pennington Biomedical Research Center houses 48 laboratories and 19 core research facilities.[73]
Primary and secondary schools

East Baton Rouge Parish Public Schools operates primary and secondary schools serving the city. The city of Baton Rouge is also home to 15 charter schools with a total enrollment of 3800 pupils.[74] One of the latest includes the Mentorship Academy in downtown Baton Rouge, which leverages its location downtown to establish internship opportunities with local businesses as well as provide a high tech classroom environment to focus on a digital animation curriculum.[75]

The East Baton Rouge Parish School System is the second largest public school system in the state and contains nine U.S. Blue Ribbon Schools and a nationally renowned Magnet Program. The school system serves more than 42,850 students and with the help of 6,250 teachers and faculty, the district has shown growth and increase in its District Performance Score (DPS).

The East Baton Rouge Parish Public Schools serve East Baton Rouge Parish and has 90 schools with 56 elementary schools, 16 middle schools and 18 high schools.[76]
Media

The major daily newspaper is The Advocate, publishing since 1925. Prior to October 1991, Baton Rouge also had an evening newspaper, The State-Times—at that time, the morning paper was known as "The Morning Advocate." Other publications include: DIG Magazine, Greater Baton Rouge Business Report, 225 magazine, inRegister magazine, 10/12 magazine, The Daily Reveille, The Southern Review, Country Roads magazine, 225Alive, Healthcare Journal of Baton Rouge, Southern University Digest, and the South Baton Rouge Journal. Other newspapers in East Baton Rouge Parish include the Central City News and the Zachary Post.

Greater Baton Rouge area is well served by television and radio. The market is the 95th largest Designated Market Area (DMA) in the U.S. Major television network affiliates serving the area include:

2 WBRZ-TV (ABC)
9 WAFB (CBS)
20 KZUP-CD (RTN)

21 WBRL-CD (The CW)
27 WLPB (PBS/LPB)
30 WLFT-CD (IND)
33 WVLA (NBC)

39 WBXH-CD (My Network TV)
41 KBTR-CA (IND)
44 WGMB (Fox)

Tiger Stadium at Louisiana State University

Baton Rouge also offer local Government-access television (GATV) only channels on Cox Cable. Metro 21 on channel 21, Cox 4 on channel 4, and Catholic Life on channel 15.
See also: List of radio stations in Louisiana
Infrastructure
Communication

Most of the Baton Rouge area's high-speed internet, broadband, and fiber optic communications are provided by Eatel, AT&T Inc., Charter Communications, or Cox Communications.[77] In 2006, Cox Communications linked its Lafayette, Baton Rouge, and New Orleans markets with fiber optic infrastructure. Other providers soon followed suit, and fiber optics have thus far proven reliable in all hurricanes since they were installed, even when mobile and broadband service is disrupted during storms.[78]

In 2001, the Supermike computer at Louisiana State University was ranked as the number 1 computer cluster in the world,[79] and remains one of the top 500 computing sites in the world.[80]

In 2010, Baton Rouge started a market push to become a test city for Google's new super high speed fiber optic line known as GeauxFiBR.[81]
Health and medicine

Baton Rouge is served by several hospitals and clinics:

Baton Rouge Clinic – 7373 Perkins Road
Baton Rouge General Medical Center - Mid-City Campus – 3600 Florida Boulevard
Baton Rouge General Medical Center- Bluebonnet Campus – 8585 Picardy Avenue
Benton Rehabilitation Hospital – 7660 Convention Street
Earl K. Long Medical Center (LSUMC) – 5825 Airline Highway
HealthSouth Rehabilitation Hospital – 8595 United Plaza Boulevard
HealthSouth Surgi-Center – 5222 Brittany Drive
Lane Memorial Hospital – Zachary, Louisiana.
Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Treatment Center – 4950 Essen Lane
Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center – 5000 Hennessy Boulevard
Ochsner Medical Center – 1700 Medical Center Drive
Sage Integra Hospital Baton Rouge, a rehabilitation hospital – 8225 Summa Avenue
Surgical Specialty Centre 8080 Bluebonnet Blvd
Vista Surgical Hospital (LSU Health System Surgical Facility) – 9032 Perkins Road
Woman's Hospital – 9050 Airline Highway

Utilities

Electric: Cajun Electric Power Cooperative, DEMCO, Entergy
Natural gas: Entergy, Louisiana Gas Service Company, Mid-Louisiana Gas Company, Atmos Energy
Telephone: AT&T Inc.
Water: Baton Rouge Water Company, City of Baker, City of Zachary
Sewer: City of Baker, City of Zachary, East Baton Rouge Parish
Trash: Allied Waste

Military

Baton Rouge is home station to the Army National Guard 769th Engineer Battalion, which recently had units deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. The armory located near LSU three company-sized units: 769th HSC (headquarters support company); 769th FSC (forward support company); and the 927th Sapper Company. Other units of the battalion are located at Napoleonville (928th Sapper Company); Baker, Louisiana (926th MAC mobility augmentation company); and Gonzales, Louisiana (922nd Horizontal Construction Company).

The 769th Engineer Battalion is part of the 225th Engineer Brigade which is headquartered in Pineville, Louisiana at Camp Beauregard. There are four engineer battalions and an independent bridging company in the 225th Engineer Brigade which makes it the largest engineer group in the US Army Corps of Engineers.

Baton Rouge is also home to 3rd Battalion, 23rd Marine Regiment (3/23) is a reserve infantry battalion in the United States Marine Corps located throughout the Midwestern United States consisting of approximately 800 Marines and Sailors. The battalion was first formed in 1943 for service in the Pacific Theater of Operations during World War II, taking part in a number of significant battles including those at Saipan and Iwo Jima before being deactivated at the end of the war. In the early 1960s, the unit was reactivated as a reserve battalion. The battalion is headquartered in Saint Louis, Missouri with outlying units throughout the Midwestern United States. 3/23 falls under the command of the 23rd Marine Regiment and the 4th Marine Division. Recent operations have included tours in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Transportation
Shipping

The Port of Baton Rouge is the ninth largest in the United States in terms of tonnage shipped, and is the farthest upstream Mississippi River port capable of handling Panamax ships.[7][8]
Highways and roads
Horace Wilkinson Bridge I-10
Huey P. Long Bridge
Interstates

Baton Rouge has three interstates : I-10, I-12 (Republic of West Florida Parkway), and I-110 (Martin Luther King Jr. Freeway).

Interstate 10 enters the city from the Horace Wilkinson Bridge over the Mississippi River, curving at an interchange with Interstate 110 southeast, crossing the LSU lakes and Garden District before reaching an interchange with I-12 (referred to as the 10/12 split). It curves further southeast, towards New Orleans as is crosses Essen Lane near the Medical District. It passes Bluebonnet Blvd and the Mall of Louisiana at exit 162, and leaves Baton Rouge after interchanges with Siegen Lane and Highland Road.

Interstate 12 (The Republic of West Florida Parkway) begins in the city at the I-10/I-12 split east of College Drive, and goes east from there, crossing Essen Lane, Airline Hwy, Sherwood Forest Blvd, Millerville Road, and O'neal Lane before leaving the city when crossing the Amite River.

Interstate 110 (The Martin Luther King, Jr. Freeway) stretches 8 miles an a north-south direction from the east end of the Horace Wilkinson Bridge to Scenic Highway in Scotlandville, Louisiana. It passes through Downtown, North Baton Rouge, and Baton Rouge Metro Airport before ending at Scenic Highway.
US Highways and Major Roads

Baton Rouge has two US highways, along with their Business counterparts: Airline Highway (US 61) and Florida Boulevard.

US 190 enters the city from the Huey P. Long Bridge, beginning a concurrency with US 61 after an interchange with Scenic Highway, near Scotlandville. Its name is Airline Highway from this interchange to the interchange with Florida Blvd. At this interchange, US 190 turns east to follow Florida Blvd through Northeast Baton Rouge, exiting the city at the Amite River.

US 61 enters Baton Rouge as Scenic Highway until it reaches Airline Highway (US 190). It becomes concurrent with US 190 until Florida Blvd, where it continues south, still called Airline Highway. It passes through Goodwood and Broadmoor before an interchange with I-12. It continues southeast past Bluebonnet Blvd/Coursey Blvd, Jefferson Hwy, and Sherwood Forest Blvd/Siegen Lane before exiting the city at Bayou Manchac.

US 61/190 Business runs west along Florida Boulevard (known as Florida Street from Downtown east to Mid City) from Airline Highway to River Road in downtown. The cosigned routes run from Florida St. north along River Road, passing the Louisiana State Capitol and Capitol Park Complex before intersecting with Choctaw Drive. North of this intersection River Road becomes Chippewa Street and curves to the East. US 61/190 Business leaves Chippewa Street at its intersection with Scenic Highway. The route follows Scenic Highway to Airline Highway, where it ends. North of Airline on Scenic and East of Scenic Highway on Airline is US 61. US 190 is East and West of Scenic on Airline Highway.

These are important surface streets with designated state highway numbers: Greenwell Springs Road (LA 37), Plank Road/22nd Street (LA 67), Burbank Drive/Highland Road (LA 42), Nicholson Drive (LA 30), Jefferson Highway/Government Street (LA 73), Scotlandville/Baker/Zachary Highway (LA 19), Essen Lane (LA 3064), Bluebonnet Blvd/Coursey Blvd (LA 1248), Siegen Lane (LA 3246), and Perkins Road/Acadian Thruway (LA 427).
Traffic Issues and Highway Upgrades

According to the 2008 INRIX National Traffic Scorecard, which ranks the top 100 congested metropolitan areas in the U.S., Baton Rouge is the 33rd-most-congested metro area in the country. However, at a population rank of 67 out of 100, it has the second-highest ratio of population rank to congestion rank, higher than even the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan area, indicating a remarkably high level of congestion for the comparatively low population. According to the Scorecard, Baton Rouge was the only area out of all 100 to show an increase in congestion from 2007 to 2008 (+6%). The city also tied for the highest jump in congestion rank over the same period (14 places).[82]

Interstate 12 used to have a major bottleneck at O'neal Lane. The interstate was three lanes wide in each direction to the O'Neal Lane exit, where the interstate abruptly became two lanes in each direction and crossed the narrow Amite River Bridge. This stretch of road, called "a deathtrap"[83] by one lawmaker, had became notorious for traffic accidents, many with fatalities. In 2007, ten people died in traffic accidents within a three-month period on this section of road.[84] Governor Bobby Jindal and the Baton Rouge legislative delegation, in 2009, were successful in allocating state and federal funding to widen I-12 from O'neal Lane to Range Avenue (Exit 10) in Denham Springs. The construction was completed in mid-2012 and has significantly improved the flow of traffic.[85] In 2010, The American Reinvestment and Recovery Act provided committed federal funds to widen I-12 from the Range Avenue Exit to Walker, Louisiana. Noticing the significant improvement in commute times, Bobby Jindal further funded widening to Satsuma, Louisiana.

Interstate 10 West at Bluebonnet Road also ranked within the top 1000 bottlenecks for 2008, and I-10 East at Essen Lane and Nicholson Drive ranked not far out of the top 1000. A new exit to the Mall of Louisiana was created in 2006, and the interstate was widened between Bluebonnet Blvd and Siegen Lane. However, the stretch of I-10 from the I-10/I-12 split to Bluebonnet Blvdwas not part of these improvements and remained heavily congested during peak hours. In response, a widening project totaling at least $87 million began in late 2008. Interstate 10 was widened to three lanes over a five-year period between the I-10/I-12 split and Highland Road.[86] In 2010, the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act provided supplemental funding for this project to extend to the Highland Road exit in East Baton Rouge Parish.[87] Commute times have since plummeted for this section of interstate.

Surface streets in Baton Rouge are prone to severe congestion. However, roads are beginning to handle the amount of vehicles using them after years of stagnation in road upgrades. Baton Rouge Mayor Kip Holden has instituted an extensive upgrade of East Baton Rouge Parish roads known as the Green Light Plan, geared toward improving areas of congestion on the city's surface streets. With its first project completed in October 2008, it has seen numerous others reach completion as of 2015, with several more under construction and still others yet to break ground.[88]

A circumferential loop freeway has been proposed for the greater Baton Rouge metro area to help alleviate congestion on the existing through-town routes. The proposed loop would pass through the outlying parishes of Livingston (running alongside property owned and marketed as an industrial development by Al Coburn, a member of President Mike Grimmer's staff), Ascension, West Baton Rouge, and Iberville, as well as northern East Baton Rouge Parish. This proposal has been subject to much contention, particularly by residents living in the outer parishes through which the loop would pass.[89] Other suggestions considered by the community are upgrading Airline Highway (US 61) to freeway standards in the region as well as establishing more links between East Baton Rouge Parish and its neighboring communities.
Commuting

The average one-way commute time in Baton Rouge is 22 minutes, 13% shorter than the US average. Interstates 10 and 12, the two interstates that feed into the city, are highly traveled and connected by highways and four-lane roads that connect the downtown business area to surrounding parishes. 99% of the Baton Rouge workforce drives a personal vehicle to work.
Airport

Located 10 minutes north of downtown near Baker, the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Airport connects the area with the four major airline hubs serving the southern United States. Commercial carriers include American Eagle, United Airlines, Delta Air Lines and US Airways Express. Nonstop service is available to Atlanta, Dallas-Ft. Worth, Houston, Memphis and Charlotte.
Rail

Four major rail lines provide railroad freight service to Baton Rouge.[90] Since 2006, Baton Rouge and New Orleans leaders as well as the state government have been pushing to secure funding for a new high-speed rail passenger line between downtown Baton Rouge and downtown New Orleans, with several stops in between.[91]
Buses and other mass transit

Capital Area Transit System (CATS) provides urban transportation throughout Baton Rouge, including service to Southern University, Baton Rouge Community College, and Louisiana State University. Many CATS buses are equipped with bike racks for commuters to easily combine biking with bus transit.

Greyhound Bus Lines, offering passenger and cargo service throughout the United States, has a downtown terminal on Florida Boulevard.
Notable people
Main article: List of people from Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Sister cities

Mexico Córdoba, Mexico (Veracruz)
France Aix-en-Provence, France
Taiwan Taichung, Taiwan
Turkey Malatya, Turkey[92]

After a visit to the Republic of China (Taiwan), Mayor-President Kip Holden unveiled plans to pursue a sister city agreement with a second Taiwanese city, Taipei.
See also
Portal icon Louisiana portal
Portal icon New France portal
Portal icon United States portal

Baton Rouge Police Department
East Baton Rouge Parish Sheriff's Office

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External links
The Baton Rouge Digital Archive from the East Baton Rouge Parish Library
Selected Economic Data, Baton Rouge Area, 2012

Geology and Geological Hazards

Heinrich, P. V., and W. J. Autin, 2000, Baton Rouge 30 x 60 minute geologic quadrangle. Louisiana Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
McCulloh, R. P., 2001, Active Faults in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana. Public Information Series, no. 8, Louisiana Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
McCulloh, R. P., 2008a, The Scotlandville, Denham Springs, and Baton Rouge Faults — A Map Guide for Real Estate Buyers, Sellers, and Developers in the Greater Baton Rouge Area. Public Information Series, no. 13, Louisiana Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
McCulloh, R. P., 2008b, Field Trip Guide to Selected Locations Along the Baton Rouge Fault Trace Spanning the Pleistocene–Holocene Transition in Western East Baton Rouge Parish. Public Information Series, no. 8, Louisiana Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.