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Theodoros Deligiannis, also spelled Delijannis and Deliyannis, (Greek: Θεόδωρος Δηλιγιάννης, 2 January 1820–13 June 1905), was a Greek statesman.
Life
He was born at Lagkadia, Arcadia. He studied law in Athens, and in 1843 entered the Ministry of the Interior, of which department he became permanent secretary in 1859. In 1862, on the deposition of King Otto, he became minister for foreign affairs in the provisional government. In 1867, he was Greek Minister at Paris. On his return to Athens he became a member of successive cabinets in various capacities, and rapidly collected a party around him consisting of those who opposed his great rival, Charilaos Trikoupis. He eventually became the leader of the Nationalist Party after Alexandros Koumoundouros.
In the so-called Oecumenical Ministry of 1877 he voted for war with Turkey, and on its fall he entered the cabinet of Koumoundoros as minister for foreign affairs. He was a representative of Greece at the Berlin Congress in 1878. From this time forward, and particularly after 1882, when Trikoupis again came into power at the head of a strong party, the duel between these two statesmen was the leading feature of Greek politics.
Deligiannis first formed a cabinet in 1885; but his warlike policy, the aim of which was, by threatening Turkey, to force the Great Powers to make concessions in order to avoid the risk of a European war, ended in failure. For the powers, in order to stop his excessive armaments, eventually blockaded the Piraeus and other ports, and this brought about his downfall. He returned to power in 1890, with a radical programme, but his failure to deal with the financial crisis produced a conflict between him and the king, and his disrespectful attitude resulted in his summary dismissal in 1892. Deligiannis evidently expected the public to side with him; but at the elections he was badly beaten.
The assassination of Deligiannis,
In 1895, however, he again became prime minister, and was at the head of affairs during the Cretan crisis and the opening of the war with Turkey in 1897. The easy defeat which ensued though Deligiannis himself had been led into the disastrous war policy to some extent against his will caused his fall in April 1897, the king again dismissing him from office when he declined to resign. Delyanni kept his own seat at the election of 1899, but his following dwindled to small dimensions. He quickly recovered his influence, however, and he was again president of the council and minister of the interior when, on the 13 June 1905, he was assassinated in revenge for the rigorous measures taken by him against gambling houses. His attacker, a professional gambler named Gherakaris, stabbed him with a dagger in the abdomen as he was entering the parliament. The incident took place at 5pm; an emergency operation failed to stop his internal bleeding and Deligiannis died at 7.30pm.
The main fault of Deligiannis as a statesman was that he was unable to grasp the truth that the prosperity of a state depends on its adapting its ambitions to its means. Yet, in his vast projects, which the powers were never likely to endorse, and without their endorsement were vain, he represented the real wishes and aspirations of his countrymen, and his death was the occasion for an extraordinary demonstration of popular grief. He died in extreme poverty, and a pension was voted to the two nieces who lived with him.
Further reading
Chatziioannou, Maria Christina. "Relations between the State and the Private Sphere: Speculation and Corruption in Nineteenth-century Greece. Mediterranean Historical Review, 1743-940X, Volume 23, Issue 1, 2008, pp. 1–14.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Charilaos Trikoupis |
Prime Minister of Greece 1 May 1885 - 9 May 1886 |
Succeeded by Dimitrios Valvis |
| Preceded by Charilaos Trikoupis |
Prime Minister of Greece 5 November 1890 - 1 March 1892 |
Succeeded by Konstantinos Konstantopoulos |
| Preceded by Nikolaos Deligiannis |
Prime Minister of Greece 11 June 1895 - 30 April 1897 |
Succeeded by Dimitrios Rallis |
| Preceded by Alexandros Zaimis |
Prime Minister of Greece 6 December 1902 - 27 June 1903 |
Succeeded by Georgios Theotokis |
| Preceded by Georgios Theotokis |
Prime Minister of Greece 29 December 1904 - 13 June 1905 |
Succeeded by Dimitrios Rallis |
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