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Alexandros Zaimis (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Ζαΐμης) (9 November 1855 – 15 September 1936) was a Greek Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior, Minister of Justice, and High Commissioner of Crete. He served as Prime Minister six times.
Early Life and Family
He was born in Athens and was the son of Thrasyvoulos Zaimis, a former Prime Minister of Greece, and Eleni Mourouzi. His brother was Asimakis Zaimis. On his father's side he was the grandson of Andreas Zaimis, another former Prime Minister of Greece, and related to the great Kalavrytan family with notable participation in the Greek War of Independence from 1821. From his mother's side he was a descendent of an important Fanariote family of the Mourozidon. His family lived in Kerpini, Kalavryta in the Achaia prefecture.
He studied Law at the University of Athens and at the University of Heidelberg.
Political Career
Alexandros became involved in politics after the death of his father who was the elected member of parliament for Kalavryta. He became a Member of Parliament in 1885. He served as Minister of the Interior and Justice Minister in Theodoros Deligiannis' government and Leader of the House. He became Prime Minister for the first time in 1897.
Appointment as High Commissioner
In 1906, he was appointed as Ipatos Armostis (High Commissioner) of Crete[1] and presided over a critical period of the island's history prior to the union of Crete with Greece till 1908.
Re-elected as Prime Minister
Alexandros Zaimis was re-elected as Prime Minister a further five times. In 1917, Zaimis served as Prime Minister under King Constantine I, while Eleftherios Venizelos led a rival government controlling northern Greece. Under Entente pressure, he resigned in favor of Venizelos in June of the same year.
A moderate conservative, he served again as Prime Minister from 1926 to 1928 in a coalition government of Venizelist and moderate conservatives.
Zaimis was elected the fourth and last President of the Second Hellenic Republic in 1929. He was reelected in 1933. However, only two years into his second term, he was thrown out of office by Prime Minister Georgios Kondylis, who abolished the Republic and proclaimed himself regent pending the results of a referendum on restoring the monarchy. This referendum resulted in George II being recalled to the throne by almost 98 percent of the vote, an implausibly high total that could have only been obtained through fraud.
Death and Legacy
He died on 15 September 1936 in Vienna, Austria and was buried in the First Cemetery of Athens. He was married without children. The political legacy of his family was continued by his siblings and cousins.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Dimitrios Rallis |
Prime Minister of Greece October 3, 1897 – April 14, 1899 |
Succeeded by Georgios Theotokis |
| Preceded by Georgios Theotokis |
Prime Minister of Greece November 25, 1901 – December 6, 1902 |
Succeeded by Theodoros Deligiannis |
| Preceded by Prince George of Greece |
High Commissioner of Crete September 18, 1906 – September 24, 1908 |
Succeeded by (Unification with Greece) Antonios Michelidakis[2] |
| Preceded by Eleftherios Venizelos |
Prime Minister of Greece October 7, 1915 – November 7, 1915 |
Succeeded by Stephanos Skouloudis |
| Preceded by Stephanos Skouloudis |
Prime Minister of Greece June 22, 1916 – September 16, 1916 |
Succeeded by Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos |
| Preceded by Spyridon Lambros |
Prime Minister of Greece February 5, 1917 – June 27, 1917 |
Succeeded by Eleftherios Venizelos |
| Preceded by Georgios Kondilis |
Prime Minister of Greece December 4, 1926 – July 4, 1928 |
Succeeded by Eleftherios Venizelos |
| Preceded by Pavlos Kountouriotis |
President of Greece 1929-1935 |
Succeeded by Georgios Kondylis (as Regent) |
References
^ Svolopoulos, The Period of Autonomy, p. 479.
^ Kitromilides, Paschalis (2006). Eleftherios Venizelos: The Trials of Statesmanship, p 88, ISBN 0-7486-2478-3
Sources
Svolopoulos, Konstantinos (1988). "Η Περίοδος της Αυτονομίας ("The Period of Autonomy")". In Panagiotakis, Nikolaos M. (in Greek). Crete, History and Civilization. II. Vikelea Library, Association of Regional Associations of Regional Municipalities. pp. 459–492.
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