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Georgios Theotokis (Greek: Γεώργιος Θεοτόκης, 1844 in Corfu – 12 January 1916[1] in Athens) was a Greek politician and Prime Minister of Greece, serving the post four times. He represented the New Party or Neoteristikon Komma (NK). Georgios Theotokis (Greek: Γεώργιος Θεοτόκης
Biography
He was the third child of Corfiote Nikolaos Andreas Theotokis. After graduating from the Ionian high school, he enrolled at the Law School of the Ionian University. In 1861 he received his law degree from the Ionian University with a scholarship and continued his studies at the Sorbonne in Paris.
Upon his return to Corfu he worked as a lawyer. In 1879 he took part in the municipal elections and was elected mayor with a percentage of 65%. In 1883 he was re-elected mayor only to leave in 1885 at the invitation of Charilaos Trikoupis, to become a member of the Hellenic Parliament for the Trikoupis party.
In May 1886 Trikoupis appointed him Minister for Naval Affairs. As a minister Theotokis ordered the battleships Spetsai, Hydra and Psara. He also improved drastically the condition of the Navy by promoting better training and establishing many naval academies and schools. Later Trikoupis appointed him Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs and Public Education. With the aid of professor Papamarkos, Theotokis prepared and submitted to Parliament progressive legislation for the improvement of education in Greece. However the legislation was never passed due to the opposition of Deliyannis.
From mid-1903 to 1909 Theotokis became three more times Prime Minister of Greece, the third time being the longest at the prime minister's post. Among his achievements are the organisation and strengthening of the army, including the adoption of modern khaki uniforms. He provided assistance for the Macedonian Struggle and is noted for his calm and deliberate foreign policy in the tense period just prior to the Balkan wars.
His grandson Georgios Rallis, who also became prime minister, has criticized him for two, in his opinion, important mistakes. Namely because in the days leading to the disastrous Greco-Turkish War of 1897 he did not oppose sending the Hellenic army to Crete, that led to the outbreak of the war. The second mistake was Theotokis' refusal to mediate between King Constantine I of Greece and Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos during 1915–1916, a disagreement that eventually grew to become the National Schism.
Georgios Theotokis, however, is considered by many to be a politician distinguished for his high ethics, calm demeanor and controlled temper, qualities not often found among politicians of his era.
As a mayor of Corfu, Georgios Theotokis approved construction for the Municipal Theatre of Corfu in 1885.
Cabinets
First Cabinet, April 14, 1899 – November 25, 1901
Prime Minister: Georgios Theotokis
Minister for Foreign Affairs: Athos Romanos
Minister for the Interior: Georgios Theotokis
Minister for War: Konstantinos Koumoundouros
replaced on January 11, 1900, by Nikolaos Tsamandos
Minister for Finance: Anargiros Simopoulos
Second Cabinet, June 27, 1903 – July 11, 1903
Prime Minister: Georgios Theotokis
Minister for Foreign Affairs: Georgios Theotokis
Minister for the Interior: Nikolaos Levidis
Minister for War: Alexios Grivas
Minister for Finance: Anargiros Simopoulos
Third Cabinet, December 19, 1903 – December 29, 1904
Prime Minister: Georgios Theotokis
Minister for Foreign Affairs: Athos Romanos
Minister for the Interior: Giorgios Theotokis
Minister for War: Konstantinos Smolenskis
Minister for Finance: Anargiros Simopoulos
replaced on October 10, 1904, by Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos
Fourth Cabinet, December 21, 1905 – July 29, 1909
Prime Minister: Georgios Theotokis
Minister for Foreign Affairs: Alexandros Skouzas (left office on 21 June 1908
replaced on July 5, 1908, by Giorgios Baltatzis
Minister for the Interior: Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos
Minister for War: Georgios Theotokis
Minister for Finance: Anargyros Simopoulos
replaced on January 8, 1908, by Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos
replaced on July 5, 1908, by Dimitrios Gounaris
replaced on February 28, 1909, by Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos
References
"Ο Γ. Θεοτόκης απέθανε", "Makedonia", 13 Jan 1916, p 3.
Sources
Georgios Rallis: "Georgios Theotokis: Politician of the measured response" (In Greek), Ελληνική Ευρωεκδοτική, Αθήνα 1986, 355 p. ISBN 960-241-017-5.
External links
«Georgios Theotokis: Politician of the measured response and of calm manners»– Article by Georgios Rallis in the newspaper Τα Νέα, 18 October 1999.
Political offices
Preceded by
Alexandros Zaimis Prime Minister of Greece
1899–1901 Succeeded by
Alexandros Zaimis
Preceded by
Theodoros Deligiannis Prime Minister of Greece
1903 Succeeded by
Dimitrios Rallis
Preceded by
Dimitrios Rallis Prime Minister of Greece
1903–1904 Succeeded by
Theodoros Deligiannis
Preceded by
Dimitrios Rallis Prime Minister of Greece
1905–1909 Succeeded by
Dimitrios Rallis
vte
Heads of government of Greece
First Hellenic Republic
(1822–1832)
Mavrokordatos P. Mavromichalis Kountouriotis And. Zaimis I. Kapodistrias A. Kapodistrias
Kingdom of Greece (Wittelsbach)
(1833–1862)
Sp. Trikoupis Mavrokordatos Kolettis von Armansperg von Rudhart King Otto Mavrokordatos King Otto A. Metaxas Kanaris Mavrokordatos Kolettis Tzavelas Kountouriotis Kanaris Kriezis Mavrokordatos D. Voulgaris Miaoulis Kolokotronis
Kingdom of Greece (Interregnum)
(1862–1863)
D. Voulgaris Moraitinis Z. Valvis Kyriakos Roufos
Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)
(1863–1924)
D. Voulgaris Kanaris Z. Valvis Kanaris Koumoundouros Deligeorgis Roufos D. Voulgaris Koumoundouros Deligeorgis Roufos D. Voulgaris Koumoundouros Moraitinis D. Voulgaris Thr. Zaimis Deligeorgis Koumoundouros Thr. Zaimis D. Voulgaris Deligeorgis D. Voulgaris Ch. Trikoupis Koumoundouros Deligeorgis Koumoundouros Deligeorgis Koumoundouros Kanaris Koumoundouros Ch. Trikoupis Koumoundouros Ch. Trikoupis Koumoundouros Ch. Trikoupis Diligiannis D. Valvis Ch. Trikoupis Diligiannis Konstantopoulos Ch. Trikoupis Sotiropoulos Ch. Trikoupis Deligiannis Diligiannis D. Rallis Al. Zaimis G. Theotokis Al. Zaimis Diligiannis G. Theotokis D. Rallis G. Theotokis Diligiannis D. Rallis G. Theotokis D. Rallis K. Mavromichalis Dragoumis El. Venizelos Gounaris El. Venizelos Al. Zaimis Skouloudis Al. Zaimis Kalogeropoulos El. Venizelos2 Lambros Al. Zaimis El. Venizelos D. Rallis Kalogeropoulos Gounaris Stratos Protopapadakis Triantafyllakos Charalambis Krokidas Gonatas El. Venizelos Kafantaris
Second Hellenic Republic
(1924–1935)
Papanastasiou Sofoulis Michalakopoulos Pangalos1 Eftaxias1 Kondylis3 Al. Zaimis El. Venizelos Papanastasiou El. Venizelos P. Tsaldaris El. Venizelos Othonaios3 P. Tsaldaris
Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)
(1935–1973)
Kondylis1 Demertzis I. Metaxas1 Koryzis Tsouderos2 Tsolakoglou4 Logothetopoulos4 I. Rallis4 Bakirtzis2 S. Venizelos2 Svolos2 G. Papandreou (Sr.) Plastiras P. Voulgaris Archbishop Damaskinos Kanellopoulos Sofoulis Poulitsas3 K. Tsaldaris Maximos K. Tsaldaris Sofoulis Vafeiadis2 Zachariadis2 Partsalidis2 Diomidis I. Theotokis3 S. Venizelos Plastiras S. Venizelos Plastiras Kiousopoulos3 Papagos K. Karamanlis (Sr.) Georgakopoulos3 K. Karamanlis (Sr.) Dovas3 K. Karamanlis (Sr.) Pipinelis Sty. Mavromichalis3 G. Papandreou (Sr.) Paraskevopoulos3 G. Papandreou (Sr.) Novas Tsirimokos Stefanopoulos Paraskevopoulos3 Kanellopoulos3
Military Junta
(1967–1974)
Kollias1 Papadopoulos1 Markezinis1 Androutsopoulos1
Third Hellenic Republic
(since 1974)
K. Karamanlis (Sr.) G. Rallis A. Papandreou Tzannetakis Grivas3 Zolotas Ko. Mitsotakis A. Papandreou Simitis K. Karamanlis (Jr.) G. Papandreou (Jr.) Papademos3 Pikrammenos3 Samaras Tsipras Thanou3 Tsipras Ky. Mitsotakis
1Head of military/dictatorial government. 2Head of rival government not controlling Athens. 3Head of emergency or caretaker government. 4Head of collaborationist government during the Axis occupation (1941–44).
vte
Foreign Ministers of Greece
First Hellenic Republic
(1822–1832)
Negris§ Al. Mavrokordatos§ Glarakis§ Sp. Trikoupis§†
Kingdom of Greece (Wittelsbach)
(1833–1862)
Sp. Trikoupis Al. Mavrokordatos Rizos-Neroulos von Rudhart Zografos Paikos Christidis Rizos-Neroulos P. Deligiannis A. Metaxas Mansolas Sp. Trikoupis Kolettis Tzavelas Kolettis Tzavelas Mansolas Kolokotronis Londos Glarakis Londos P. Deligiannis Paikos Argyropoulos Al. Mavrokordatos Sp. Trikoupis Rangavis Palamidis Thr. Zaimis Krestenitis Papalexopoulos Christopoulos Theocharis
Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)
(1863–1924)
Diamantopoulos Kalligas D. Mavrokordatos Diligiannis Kalligas P. Deligiannis Diligiannis Kalligas Diligiannis Boudouris Vrailas-Armenis Deligeorgis Christopoulos Koumoundouros Deligeorgis Valasopoulos Valaoritis Deligeorgis Ch. Trikoupis P. Deligiannis Diligiannis Valaoritis Deligeorgis Christopoulos Thr. Zaimis D. Voulgaris Spiliotakis I. Deligiannis Ch. Trikoupis Kontostavlos Deligeorgis Kontostavlos Deligeorgis Koumoundouros Ch. Trikoupis Diligiannis Ch. Trikoupis Diligiannis Ch. Trikoupis Koumoundouros Rikakis Ch. Trikoupis Koumoundouros Diligiannis Louriotis S. Dragoumis L. Deligiorgis Meletopoulos S. Dragoumis Kontostavlos N. Deligiannis Skouzes Skouloudis Al. Zaimis Romanos Al. Zaimis Skouzes G. Theotokis D. Rallis Romanos Skouzes Baltatzis Christakis-Zografos Mavromichalis Kallergis Gryparis Koromilas Panas Streit El. Venizelos Christakis-Zografos Gounaris El. Venizelos Al. Zaimis Skouloudis Al. Zaimis Karapanos Zalokostas Al. Zaimis Politis D. Rallis Kalogeropoulos Baltatzis Stratos Baltatzis Kalogeropoulos Papanastasiou
Second Hellenic Republic
(1924–1935)
Roussos Rendis Roussos Michalakopoulos Hatzikyriakos Rendis Hatzikyriakos Kanakaris-Roufos Argyropoulos Michalakopoulos Karapanos Argyropoulos Michalakopoulos Papanastasiou Michalakopoulos I. Rallis Michalakopoulos Mavroudis Maximos P. Tsaldaris Maximos P. Tsaldaris Maximos I. Theotokis
Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)
(1935–1973)
Demertzis I. Metaxas Koryzis Tsouderos G. Papandreou (Sr.) Sofianopoulos P. Voulgaris Politis Kanellopoulos Sofianopoulos Rendis K. Tsaldaris Pipinelis S. Venizelos Plastiras S. Venizelos Politis S. Venizelos F. Dragoumis Stefanopoulos S. Theotokis Averoff Pesmazoglou Averoff Pesmazoglou Averoff Pipinelis Oikonomou-Gouras S. Venizelos Xanthopoulos-Palamas Kostopoulos Melas Tsirimokos Stefanopoulos Toumbas Oikonomou-Gouras
Military Junta
(1967–1974)
Oikonomou-Gouras Kollias Pipinelis Papadopoulos Xanthopoulos-Palamas Tetenes
Third Hellenic Republic
(since 1974)
Kypraios Mavros Bitsios Papaligouras G. Rallis Mitsotakis Charalambopoulos K. Papoulias G. Papoulias Samaras Mitsotakis Papakonstantinou K. Papoulias Pangalos G. Papandreou (Jr) Giannitsis Molyviatis Bakoyannis G. Papandreou (Jr) Droutsas Lambrinidis Dimas Molyviatis Avramopoulos Ev. Venizelos Kotzias Molyviatis Kotzias Tsipras Katrougalos Dendias
§ variously as Chief Secretary/General Secretary of State
† officially considered the first foreign minister of independent Greece
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