Metamorfosi, Messinia

Metamorfosi, [4] officially referred to as Metamorfosis and formerly as Scarminx or Scarmigas or Scarmigas or Scarmiga or Eurgetida, is a semi-mountainous settlement near Vlachopoulos and belongs administratively to the Prefecture of Messiah in the Municipality of Pylos.

Location

Metamorfosi is located northwest of Vlachopoulos, about 6 km east of Chora, about 6.5 km away. It has an altitude of 439 [1] [5] meters and is about 22.5 kilometers from the shores of the Ionian Sea. Near Metamorfosi are located, to the northeast, Touloupa Hani and Maniaki, at a distance of about 2 and 5 kilometers, respectively, and to the southwest, Myrsinochori, at a distance of about 6 kilometers.

History

The village, which has important water sources in its area and rich flora and fauna, has a long history following the history of Messinia and the wider region of Pylia. The area of ​​the village in antiquity, according to the findings of the excavation program Prap, was one of the important centers of the kingdom of Nestor, ancient Pylos, as important archaeological finds have been found at Rutsi. During the classical period, after the liberation of Messinia by the Spartans with the help of the Thebans and until the Byzantine era, it is probable that in the area of ​​Metamorfosi there was the ancient city of Aliartos in Messinia. The existence in the area of ​​the village of the church of the Transfiguration of the Savior, which dates from the Byzantine years and specifically in the 11th century, the remains of the baths (Turkish baths), as well as the cobbled streets, which existed and were destroyed in 1994 to open farms roads, testify that the place continued in the Byzantine years to be an important center of the area, while there was also cultivation - processing of silk. The city of Aliartos is believed to have been destroyed by Sultan Bayezid II in about 1502. During the First Turkish Occupation (1460-1683) and the Second Turkish Occupation (1715-1821) it belonged to Kaza Navarinou (Pylos), while during the short Second Venetian Occupation (1683-1715) to the province of Navarino. The village is mentioned at least from the time of the Venetian occupation and then under various names, such as Scarminx, Scarmiza, Scaramagion (probably from the word of the Byzantine era "Scaramagion", which was a luxurious fabric with rich decoration), Scarmigas Scarmigas, Scarmiga, Scarminga or Scarmiga. The nearby present-day settlement of Metaxada (formerly known as Sapriki) was one of the largest silk production centers in Messinia and owes its modern name to the most probable. According to local tradition, the older name of the village of Skarmiga or Skarmiga, respectively, probably comes from the Chinese word "Scarminx", which means "Silk Road". The silk from Metaxada was then transported through the road, which passed through the villages of the area, to the port of Pylos for export and / or further processing. The trip from Sapriki - Port of Pylos with loaded horses and mules, lasted about 8 hours. Silk carriers departed from Sapriki in the afternoon, usually stopping at Scarmiga for overnight stays and continuing their journey to Pylos in the morning. [6] During the period when the old Municipality of Scarmigos existed (1835-1840), the village was also referred to as Evergetida, while later it was constantly referred to as Scarmiga, until 1927, when it was renamed by the nearby church a church of the Transfiguration of the Savior, as Metamorphosis (in the vernacular: Metamorphosis), a name it still has today.

Ancient times

In the area between the villages of Metamorfosi and the nearby Myrsinochori, in the place Routsi or Routsi, two tombs have been found, with box-shaped tombs, dating back to the Middle Helladic period. It seems that in the place where they were, a strong settlement had already developed, already in the 17th century BC, the decline of which is placed long after, around the 13th century BC, when the control of the new strong administrative center of the area, namely the Palace of Nestor. Also, two vaulted tombs of the Mycenaean era with important archeological findings were excavated in the area. [7] [8] In the archeological findings of the 2 vaulted tombs, of 1500 - 1450 BC. and the 5 tombs include glasses, goblets, bastions, pseudo-mouth amphorae, bottles, three-handed, manuals with nautical and felines, ivory engraved compasses with spirals and dolphins, scallops with sharks, lizards, seals with birds, birds ribbons, rings, necklaces, offer bank. The findings are on display at the Archaeological Museum of the Country and testify that the culture that developed was one of the most important of the time.

Byzantine era

During the Byzantine era (330-1204) and especially after the 7th century, according to the research of Elias Anagnostakis,

Second Venetian rule

Main entry: Navarino Territory

During the Second Venetian Empire, it was referred to as Scarminga. The settlement is also mentioned in various censuses of the Venetian Providers of the Most Peaceful Republic of Venice, which took place during the thirty years (1683 / 84-1715), during which the Venetians occupied the Peloponnese through their acquisition (Stato da Mar). , which is also known as the Kingdom of Morea (1688-1715). The village of Scarminga belonged to the late 17th century, according to the Breve descrittione del Regno di Morea in the province of Navarino (Territorio di Navarin), which was one of the four provinces in which its apartment was then divided. Methoni (Fanari province, Arkadia province, Navarino province and Methoni province). [11] According to the research of Konstantinos Dokos entitled "The ecclesiastical property in the Peloponnese during the period of the Second Venetian occupation" it is stated that in the area of ​​the village Scarmega (Scarmiga) there were the church of the Savior (Agia-Sotira), the church of Panagia and six more ruined churches. [12]

Second Ottoman rule

Main entry: Kazas Navarinou

After 1715, when the Turks expelled the Venetians from Moria and returned, they renamed the Barony of Methoni to Vilaeti of Arcadia. During the period when the wider area of ​​Pylia was under Ottoman occupation (1715-1821), the village of Skarmiga belonged to Kaza Navarinou according to the publication of the American School of Classical Studies in Athens entitled A Historical and Economic Geography of Ottoman Greece: The Southwestern Morea in the 18th Century, since after the recapture of the areas of Moria by the Turks, the area of ​​Navarino, ie Pylia, was another part of the Ottoman (defter) cadastre. The village was referred to in Ottoman Turkish as Iskarminke (Scarminga) (karye), [13] while in the area of ​​neighboring Myrsinochori, which was then Pispitsa, ciftlik, the areas of Nasa or Mema Aga (Nasa or Memi Aga) also belonged. , mazra'a) and Rutsi or Denmusarin (mazra'a). [14] [15]

Administrative history

Scarminga or Scarmiga [16] was originally annexed in 1835, [17] to the old Municipality of Scarmigos, [18] [19] until 1840, [20] when this municipality was abolished and the settlement detached from the Municipality of Scarmigos and is annexed to the old Municipality of Voufrasos (later the Municipality of Voufrados), [21] where it remained until 1912 when the municipality was abolished. The village is mentioned, in 1853, also as Scarminga in the second volume of the "Greek" of Iakovos Rizos Ragavis, as a village of the Municipality of Voufrasos of the Province of Pylia with a population of 163 inhabitants, based on the census of 1851. [22] The seat of the Municipality of Voufrasou until 1851 was Hantzi (today Hatzis) and from 1851 to 1856 Vlachopoulos and then again Hatzis. In 1912 [23] Scarmiga was annexed to the Pispion Community, [24] based in Pispissia (now Myrsinochori). In 1927 [25] Scarmiga was renamed Metamorphosis, Pispisia was renamed Myrsinochori and the Pispion Community was renamed Myrsinochori Community, while a little later, in 1929, [26] Metamorfosi was detached from the Community of the Transfiguration Community of Myrsinochori and. ] Metamorphosis remained the seat of the Community of Maniaki, from 1929 to 1997, when, as part of the changes that took place in the local government, through the "Kapodistrias" plan, Metamorphosis came under the abolished Municipality of Papaflessa, [28] [29] until 2010. Since 2011, after the new changes of the "Kallikratis" plan, Metamorfosis now belongs to the new Municipality of Pylos - Nestoros. [30] [31] This municipality was established with the Kallikratis Program with the amalgamation of the pre-existing municipalities of Koroni, Methoni, Papaflessa, Pylos, Nestoros and Chiliochoria. Today, Metamorfosi is the seat and the only settlement of the Local Community of Metamorfosi of the Municipality of Pylos-Nestoros. [4]

Residents

The settlement, based on the 2011 census, has 313 permanent residents, who are mainly employed in various agricultural tasks, while in the past animal husbandry was also developed. The village has a large production of olive oil. Wine, raisins and many vegetables are also produced, thanks to the springs that exist around the village. Well-known agricultural products are also the "scrambled" "coarse-grained" tomato and onions.

Population Development of the Transformation of Messinia Census Population Development Chart of Population
1844 180 [32]
1851 163 [22]
1879 215 [33]
1889 210 [34]
1896 274 [35]
1907 275 [36]
1920 335 [37]
1928 317 [38]
1940 358 [39]
1951 378 [40]
1961 401 [41]
1971 360 [42]
1981 316 [43]
1991 322 [44]
2001 400 [45]
2011 313 [46]

Buildings - events - attractions

In addition to the traditional houses and the building of the Primary School, there is the church of the village, the Holy Temple of All Saints, which belongs to the Holy Diocese of Messinia. "ESTIA" Women's Association of Metamorfosi regularly organizes important cultural activities in the village, which organizes every year, in August, the "Tomato and Onion Festival", [47] as in the area of ​​the village excellent tomatoes of local variety are produced " coarse-grained ”, which sometimes grow to extremely large sizes. [48] The same club also organizes a celebration for "Clean Monday" and the kite flying. [49] Another big event is the "festival of the Transfiguration of the Savior", on August 6, when it celebrates the chapel of Agia-Sotira, 11th century, located near the village and surrounded by plane trees, while next to the sanctuary gushes water from the homonymous source. Attractions in the area of ​​the village include the aforementioned church of Agia-Sotira, also known as the Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior and the Archaeological Site in Routsi.

The temple of the Transfiguration of the Savior

The Byzantine Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior is located a short distance northeast of the village. It is a declared ancient monument [50] and is a temple of the free cross, with a narthex to the west. The dome and the vault had collapsed in the past and the church is now covered with a tiled wooden roof covered with tiles, which has been rebuilt since 2002, while extensive excavations and restoration work began at the monument in May 2010. [51]

Archaeological site in Rutsi

About 4.5 km southwest of the village and 1.5 km northeast of the village of Myrsinochori, at the location of Routsi or Routsi is the Archaeological Site of Myrsinochori. They were held in this position, in the 1950s, by Spyridonas Marinatos and in 1970, by Georgios St. Corre series of excavations, which brought to light two tombs of the Middle Helladic period (2,200 BC-1,600 BC), which contained burial pithos. The tombs were built on an older settlement (3,000 BC-2,500 BC). Two vaulted tombs of the Mycenaean era (1,600 BC - 1,100 BC) were also excavated, which were relatively small in diameter (about 5 meters). These tombs probably contained burials of local officials. One of the vaulted tombs, which was intact, yielded impressive finds, including swords and manuals with leather cases, a number of seal stones, a heavy necklace made of Baltic electricity, and one of the largest surviving Mycenaean swords. [52] 8]

Sources

Apart from the spring in Agia Sotira, there are two more springs in the area, the spring of Pera village and the spring in Agios Konstantinos, about 500 meters the first and 1 km the other northwest. Numerous water pipes provide irrigation in the area from tanks near Agia Sotira.
See also

Vlachopoulos
Municipality of Pylos - Nestoros
Administrative division of the Regional Unit of Messinia
Administrative division of the prefecture of Messinia
former Municipality of Papaflessa

References

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I. Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior, ΥΑ ΥΠΠΟ / ΑΡΧ / Β1 / Φ30 / 58430/1104 π.ε / 14-1-1992 - ΦΕΚ 138 / Β / 2-3-1992, [...] "Characterized as an ancient monument I.N. Metamorfoseos Sotiros located in the Metamorfosi Community of Pylia province of Messinia prefecture, with a protection zone around 50m. the original of which dates back to the mid-Byzantine period. The masonry sections of the Byzantine building preserve the careless brick-enclosed system and the ceramic-plastic decoration. " [...], according to the Permanent Catalog of the Proclaimed Archaeological Sites and Monuments of Greece, of the Directorate of the National Archive of Monuments of the Ministry of Culture.
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Sources

The inventions of the Provocateurs of the Most Peaceful Republic of Venice, Corner (1689), Grimani (1700) Angelo Emo (perhaps 1708), the undated census of Querini-Stampalia (perhaps 1711), are four of the various Venetian manuscripts. , which were attempted during the period of thirty years (1683 / 84-1715), during which the Venetians occupied the Peloponnese. To date, only the Grimani census has been published in full, by the historical and esteemed director of research of the National Research Foundation (EIE) Vassilis Panagiotopoulos, in his work "Population and settlements of the Peloponnese. 13th - 18th century", (1985).
Vassilis Panagiotopoulos, "Population and settlements of the Peloponnese. 13th - 18th century", Series: Studies of Modern Greek History, translation: Christina Agriantoni, edited by: Angeliki Kokkou, published by: Emporiki Bank of Greece - Historical Archive: 1987, Athens 2, 1985.
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External links

Municipality of Pylos - Nestoros, from the website: www.pylos-nestor.gr of the Municipality of Pylos - Nestoros.
"Transformation of Messinia: An important Byzantine center, 31/10/2014, from the website of the local media" Aristomenis the Messinian ".
"Myrsinochori Messinia: Prehistoric settlement and tombs", 04/08/2013, "Myrsinochori: The excavations of Marinatou", 11/18/2016 and Myrsinochori: The Middle Helladic tomb of Kalogeropoulou ", 28/12/2016, from the website of "Messinios is excellent".
Metamorfosi of Messinia, website of the electronic magazine with News, News and comments from Metamorfosi and more broadly from the Municipality of Pylos-Nestoros (curated by: Vassilis Maniatis).
Transformation of Messinia.
"Messinia - Transfiguration. Tomato and Onion Festival", 30/07/2013, from the website: "natura Hellas"

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