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Periphery: Crete
Prefecture : Heraklion
Jewellry from Phourni and Archanes
Archanes (also Arkhanes, Godart & Olivier abbreviaton: ARKH) is the archaeological site of an ancient Minoan settlement in central Crete. The discovery of ancient roads leading from Archanes to Juktas, Anemospilia, Xeri Kara and Vathypetro indicate that Archanes was an important hub in the region during Minoan times. Archaeological evidence indicates that ancient Archanes spread out over the same area as the modern town of Archanes.
Archaeology
In 1912, Xanthoudides noted the importance of Archanes, but Sir Arthur Evans was the first to characterize the site as palatial, declaring that Archanes was likely a Summer Palace for the Knossos kings. Spyridon Marinatos and N. Platon excavated minor areas in the region, but nothing supported Evans' theory. In 1964, J. Sakellarakis dug trial trenches at the Tourkoyeitonia site and uncovered the first evidence of a palace site. Since 1966, Archanes has been excavated by the Greek Archaeaological Society under the supervision of John Sakellarakis and Efi Sapouna-Sakellarakis.
Troullos, the easternmost site of the settlement, is covered in detail in a separate article.
Tourkoyeitonia
Tourkoyeitonia, in central Archanes, is the site of its palace, likely built in the Middle Minoan period. Excavations began here in 1964 by J. Sakellarakis.
Architecture
Architectural features at Tourkoyeitonia include:
Building Materials: ashlar blocks, poros-stone plaques and blocks, plaster, wood, stucco floor tiles, gypsum, kouskoura slabs, mud bricks, ironstone blocks, schist plaques, blue marble flooring
Incurved altars
Wooden columns and pillars
Wall-paintings
A woman with long curly hair in a frilled-dress holding a branch in Antechamber 2
Polytheron - doorways with three openings
at least three storeys in some areas
Light-wells
Drain system
Artefacts
Movable artefacts found at Tourkoyeitonia include:
Porphyrite stone lamps
Vases, amphorae, cooking pots, cups
Clay loom weights
30 plaster tripodal offering tables
Plaster horns "of consecration"
Black steatite lamp
Bronze chisel
Triton shell
Marble pestle
Terracotta figurines
Silver earring
Ivory pin
Bronze pins
Tweezers
The Archive
Southwest of Tourkoyeitonia, more of the palace is found. While little remains of the architecture, the walls that are preserved are Middle Minoan III-Late Minoan IA. Linear A tablets and the model of a house were excavated at The Archive along with MMIII-LMIA pottery and several unworked pieces of rock crystal, obsidian and steatite.
The Reservoir
This man-made enclosure of a spring, first partially excavated in 1921 by Sir Arthur Evans was later completed by J. Sakellarakis in 1964. The floor is laid with pebbles and the walls are poros-stone. Evidence indicates that it was built between Middle Minoan IB and Middle Minoan IIIA, destroyed during Late Minoan IA and then restored and in various use afterwards. The Reservoir is within the palace grounds.
The Theatre Area
A large paved area, dissected by walkways which in the center form a triangle, is found at the site called "The Theatre Area" or Aghios Nikolaos. Two stepped altars are found here, one on a walkway and one on the pavement. There is a painting of a reconstruction of this area in Sakellarakis' Crete Archanes guidebook on page 49 which does this area more justice than a description.
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Municipality of Archanes, population
- Archanes / Δ.δ. Αρχανών [ 3910 ]
- Epano Archanes / οι Επάνω Αρχάνες [ 3860 ]
- Vathypetro / το Βαθύπετρο [ 24 ]
- Karnari / το Καρνάρι [ 26 ]
- Epano Archanes / οι Επάνω Αρχάνες [ 3860 ]
- Kato Archanes / Δ.δ. Κάτω Αρχανών [ 638 ]
- Kato Archanes / οι Κάτω Αρχάνες [ 398 ]
- Ampela / τα Αμπελά [ 58 ]
- Kera Elaiousa / η Κερά Ελαιούσα (τ. ο Αράπ-Αγάς) [ 22 ]
- Patsides / οι Πατσίδες [ 160 ]
- Kato Archanes / οι Κάτω Αρχάνες [ 398 ]
Ancient Archanes is at the modern village Epano Arhanes
Reference
Sakellarakis, J. and E. Crete, Archanes ISBN 960-213-234-5 (guidebook)
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