Pasalites, Rethymno

Pasalites (Πασαλίτες) Rethymno

Pasalites is a small settlement in the prefecture of Rethymno and the municipality of Mylopotamos. It is located in the northern foothills of Psiloritis in semi-mountainous terrain and east-southeast of the city of Rethymno. It is 31 km from the capital of the prefecture, from the seat of the Municipality, Perama, six km and from the nearest coast, Panormo, 11 km. South of the village nearby is the village of Melissourgaki. To the east, the Limerian River dominates, which is the natural boundary with the region of Choumeri. It is the first village on the road Houmeriou-Eleftheernis. It is surrounded by dense olive groves with lush vegetation and has an unobstructed view of the sea and the surrounding mountains. The village has a modern agritourism unit. It has an altitude of 280 m.

History

The settlement was first encountered in the Feudon Plain of the Mylopotai Tour at the beginning of the 14th century. It is possible that its existence dates back to the second Byzantine period. The village used to consist of two settlements, Apano Pasalites and Kato Pasalites. Today the Kato Pasalites have been abandoned and only a few ruins testify to the existence of this settlement. The tradition of the area states that a plague epidemic once invaded the village and deserted Kato Pasalites, which was inhabited mainly by Turks.
Pasalites of Mylopotamos, Rethymno. On the left is the building of the Primary School of the year 1963. In the center is the palm tree that marks the building of the Primary School of the year 1931.

The area of ​​the village as well as the wider area of ​​Mylopotamos had been granted by the Venetians to the noble family of the Callergians [1] [1] as a manor with the treaty of 1299.

Fr. refers to Apano and Kato Pasalites Barozzi in 1577. In the census of Castrofilaka in the year 1583 the Lower Pasalites with 87 inhabitants and the Upper Pasalites with 110 inhabitants are mentioned.

The village is associated with the poet of Erofili, Georgios Chortatzis [2]. The poet, who was born in Rethymno, seems to have spent some years of his life in Mylopotamos. This is evidenced by the following verse in Katsourbos' work: "But on Agia-Paraskevi, yes, in Mercury" (Mercury or Mercury is a place name of the Pasalites where there is a cave and a church of Agia Paraskevi in ​​the valley of the river Lemerian.
Wedding in Pasalites in the 1920s

When the Turks passed through here in 1646, they burned the Pasalites as well as other neighboring villages as Marinos Jane Bunialis sings in his work "Cretan War" (1645-1669) in which he narrates the occupation of Crete by the Turks: Gridia-Axon Issaussi, Perama and Avdanites, Kalantarea, Kalama, Orthea, Pasalites.

In 1650 the taxpayer population is 42 families and 7 unmarried. Residents were required to pay taxes on 10,500 okadas of grain, 2,400 okadas of must and 2,000 okadas of olive oil. A total of 21,000 whites.

ccording to the Ottoman census of 1670 [3] the village is referred to as Pasalites, Apano ve Kato. According to her, 76 landowners are declared in the periphery of the village, whose properties occupy an area of ​​460.5 acres (approximately acres). Of these, 310.5 cherries are arable land, while the remaining 150 remain barren. 1384 olive trees and 39 tseripia vineyards are declared in the cultivated areas. It is worth noting that among the landowners is Abu Bakr Efendi. This is the first deftardari of Crete after the fall of Chandakas, who, on the basis of the clerical documents, held this position until September 1671. In 1670, Abu Bakr Efendi recorded the assignment of the villages of Magarites and Aggeliorouanas to Ahmed Pasha. As a landowner in Pasalites, he owns 3.5 tseripia fields with 17 olive roots and 1 tseripi vineyard.
Family photography, year 1919

Also in 1671/2 the village paid 16 carats as a capital tax.

In the records of the settlements of Mylopotamos made by Michael Chourmouzis-Byzantios (1842) and Kyriakos Kritovoulidis (1859) they were recorded as Pasalitas by the first and Pasalites by the second.
Administrative and population development

In 1879, with the passing of the first Municipal Law in Crete, the Pasalites were included in the municipality of Melidoni (1881) with 66 Christians and 19 Ottoman inhabitants.

In 1900 it has 76 inhabitants.

In 1911, with the creation of the rural municipalities, it joined the rural municipality of Melissourgaki, which included the neighboring settlements, Kalandare and Kalamas. The total population was 388 inhabitants.

In 1920 the Pasalites had 94 inhabitants.

With the law "On Communities" of 1925, the settlement was annexed to the community of Chumeri together with the villages of Melissourgaki, Kalamas, Kalandare, Krasounas, Keramota, Garipas, Brahimos and Houmeri.

In 1928 the Pasalites numbered 105 inhabitants.

On 10/02/1930, Pasalites and Kalamas together with Melissourgaki joined the newly formed community of Melissourgaki.

However, the Pasalites soon seceded from the Melissourgaki community and from 1931 became a community.

Nine years later (1940), the year of the declaration of the Greek-Italian war, it shows a population of 110 inhabitants and donates blood to the Greek army with many young people who fought on the battlefields of the Albanian front.

In the 1951 census, the Pasalites show a population of 118 inhabitants, and since then the population has been declining.

In the 2011 census the population of the village has shrunk to 37 inhabitants.

On 04/12/1997 the Community of Pasalites merged into the Municipality of Geropotamos (Kapodistrias Plan), while with the Kallikratis plan (2010), it is a municipal district of the Municipality of Mylopotamos, based in Perama and is 5.5 km away from it.
Personalities

[4] The village has important personalities who played an important role not only in the local community but also beyond.
Fighters and revolutionaries

Captain Emmanouil Georgiou Stefanakis mountaineer, warrior against the Turks. He had participated in the Revolution of 1866 and had been financially devastated.

Ioannis Emm. Stefanakis, who fought in 1896-1897 and was wounded in the battle that took place on 5/3/1897 at the location of Monachi Elia in Rethymno.

George Tzedakis who acted in the revolutions of 1866, 1878, and 1896-1897.

Nikos A. Konstantinidis, as a soldier of the 44th Infantry Regiment of the 5th Cretan Division, fell fighting on 14/2/1941 in the Punta Nord mountain range on the hill 1647 north of Mount Senteli on the Albanian Front. [5] [6]
Distinguished in letters

George Emm. Stefanakis (1872-1938) who studied philology. Rethymno merchant Kalogenitos financed his studies at the Athens School of Philosophy. After two years of study, he returned to Crete as a Greek teacher. But then the 1897 revolution erupted, in which he took part. During the Hegemony he exercises the duties of General Secretary. of Education. He worked at all levels of education as a combative teacher, administrator and inspector. He was awarded a doctorate in 1897. He served as a professor at the Ecclesiastical School of Crete (Holy Trinity of Akrotiri, Chania). From this position he participated in the First Hellenic Educational Conference (Athens, 1904). He participated in the movement of Therissos (1905) alongside Eleftherios Venizelos. He was arrested as a rebel professor in Panormo, Mylopotamos, on charges of supporting the "conspiracy movement" against the Prince. He was taken to Rethymno and imprisoned. He then fled to Cyprus. After the unification of Crete with Greece and the victorious end of the Balkan Wars, as Inspector of Secondary Education (1914-1937), he undertook the organization of our National Education in Western Macedonia, based in Kozani. But he moved to Thessaloniki with the establishment of Venizelos there in 1916. At that time, his administrative power expanded to Central and Eastern Macedonia. In 1937 he was elected a regular partner of the Cretan Studies Society for his services in Cretan literature.

The children of Georgios Stefanakis, Manolis and Costas were well-known lawyers: The first was elected president of the "Democratic Lawyers" with anti-echo action and the second was elected member of parliament for Rethymno and Athens, while he also served as Minister of Justice. His son Manolis Stefanakis, George Emm. Stefanakis continues the tradition of the family as a great lawyer and distinguished philologist, writer and poet.
Photo from 1940. Perakakis Nikos, a student of the Pedagogical Academy, impersonating Kostis Giamboudakis

Nikos Emm. Perakakis [7], graduate teacher, writer and author. He joined the EAM from his youth. As a conscious leftist, he never renounced his principles. Due to his political views, he was never appointed to education. On the contrary, he was expelled and exiled to Gyaros and Leros. His works are: Captain Manolis from his village in Gyaros and Leros, The book of exile 1967-1971, In the hell of the junta the Cretan writes, Crete in flames, The Drosoulites etc.
The Primary School of Pasalita [8]
First school year 1874
PASALITAMOS RETHYMNIS PASALITAS PHOTOS OF 1914 The person depicted holding the gun is the popular teacher Konstantinos Konstantinidis

The first faculty of the school of Pasalites was built with personal work and resources of the inhabitants of the settlement and was completed in the year 1874, when its operation began. It is the second school in a chronological order to operate in the wider area of ​​Mylopotamos, the first being the school of the Margarites, which operated two years earlier (1872). The pioneer of the construction was the priest of the settlement and later teacher, for more than 30 years, George Haslaridis, originally from Smyrna in Asia Minor. Certainly, the information about such an early school operation in a secondary settlement of Mylopotamos is valid, since their source, the prefectural inspector G. Stefanakis, was born in Pasalites in 1872 and was a student of G. Haslaridou (see obituary A. , "Georgios Stefanakis", Journal of the Cretan Studies Society, vol. 2/1939, pp. 575-579). In the school, in addition to the students of Pasaliti, students also attended from the following settlements: Melissourgaki, Kalamas, Xouzana and Kalandare. The students of the neighboring villages walked 5 ', 15', 45 'and 20' minutes to get to the school on foot, respectively. The children of the Kalantare settlement attended the school of the Pasalites until the year 1899, when they began to attend the school of Orthe, at a distance of 15 'of the hour. The school of Pasalites also served the students of the very small settlement of Amarantos, which is not mentioned. On the contrary, potential students from the settlement of Houmeri could not be served, both because the distance from Pasalites was 45 'per hour for adults and one hour for children, and because the Limerian torrent was intermittent, impassable during rainy seasons. The Inspector writes characteristically: In winter, the transition is difficult, the roads change into a stream, and in the middle there is also the Lamerian River, the young children cannot pass. In 1889 the school was classified as tertiary. During autonomy, in 1899 the school was re-established as a single class. In 1900 it was converted into a textbook and in 1901 it was declared indivisible. In 1904 it was classified as tertiary. In 1905 it was abolished and re-established in December 1906. The above changes of the school took place with the sub-numbers 11 / Φ.Ε.Κ. 87 / 7-10-1899, 78 / Φ.Ε.Κ. 51 / 15-9-1900, 103 / Φ.Ε.Κ. 67 / 3-9-1901, 71 / Φ.Ε.Κ. 45 / 2-10-1904, 122 / Φ.Ε.Κ. 48 / 4-9-1905 and 315 / Φ.Ε.Κ. 70 / 2-12-1906 decrees. Throughout the operation of the school, attendance was erratic, due to the large number of settlements it served. The faculty consisted of two rooms, C-shaped, external dimensions 8x4 * 3 m. And 4 * 4 * 3 m. six windows and one entrance and was housed with a roof. Although the building is not preserved, its dimensions indicate a classroom divided into a classroom and a classroom, with a capacity of 118 students. The report that it was built on a floor and that the ascent to it was made of a stone staircase without a protective railing, indicates that the building was not built from the beginning as a school, but that it was the product of an existing house. Most likely, the large hall was the usual Cretan being, while the smallest was the side kitchen, a typical design in the two-storey buildings of Kato Mylopotamos. In 1915 the ground floor was used as a stable. Two years later, the school had begun to collapse "due to time and lack of any need to correct it." In 1923 the roof of the room to the south collapsed. Thus, it became necessary to build a new faculty, which was headed by G. Tzanakis, a school teacher since 1917.
The students of the Primary School of Pasalita with teacher Nikistratos Alyssandrakis. Year 1938
Second faculty year 1931
Pasalites Primary School. Year of construction 1931

The plan was prepared by the Architectural Service of the Ministry of Education. By 1927, only the classroom had been built and housed, and the office and dressing room remained. With state aid of ten thousand drachmas, the faculty was completed in 1931. It housed the school of Pasalites until 1963, when the third school in a row was built. It has dimensions of 12.00x7.80 m and is covered with a double tiled roof. It has two windows and one door on the north, three windows on the south and two more on the east. The openings of its windows are exceptional in their carving, for the measures of the area: apart from the fact that in the inner half of the wall their lintel from semicircular is converted into a rectangular one with a slot, to facilitate the installation of glazing, they have a second stone lining at 2 / 3 of the height, which separates the main window from the skylight. Also impressive is the entrance door to the school, which leads to a stone staircase with five steps: from the height of the terraces, the skylight is protected by ironwork. The fold of the door is large in size. A peculiarity of the building, which makes us assume that the original plans were not implemented, is that the teacher's office room escapes the alignment and extends south by about one meter. We can reasonably assume that this was done to expand the office space so that it can be used in need and as a teacher's home. Shortly after entering the small courtyard of the school, to the left of the entrance, a palm tree, planted during the construction of the school, comes to give it, with its symbolism, the character of a distinct public building. Indicatively, in 1931 there were 68 students and in 1937 there were 57 students. Teacher G. Tzanakis was an active member of the local community. In addition to being president of the Educational Welfare Fund of the settlement, he was also the secretary of the Agricultural and Credit Cooperative. Teacher G. Tzanakis was succeeded from 1938 by Nikitratos Alysandrakis from Platanos, Amari, who remained in this position until 1966.
Third year 1963
Students of the Primary School of Pasalita. Teacher Evangelia Georgalaki, year 1965-1966
Pasalites: Teaching year 1963

With the efforts of the aforementioned teacher, the new faculty was built on a plot of about two acres. The plot was a free concession [9] to the then Community of Pasalites, of Pasalitian Georgios Stefanakis, who was settled and lived permanently in Athens. He was a cousin of Rethymno MP Costas Stefanakis. It was a few tens of meters south of the outskirts of Pasalita in the direction of the village of Melissourgaki in a flat meadow between two ravines and at an altitude of about 270 m.

Finally, the new faculty was completed in 1963. It is a single-class type, with an attached teacher's residence. With a teaching room of 60 sq.m., it proved to be more than enough for the needs of the school.

The faculty still exists, but the School does not operate in it, since it has been abolished for years. This is because the Pasalites and the neighboring villages it served have not been excluded from the rule and follow the fate of the other small villages in the countryside.

The old building of the year 1931, after the relocation of the school to the new school, was originally used as a student feeding area. Then, after a corresponding space was built in the new school, it was transformed for 25 years into a hall of the Agricultural and Credit Cooperative of Pasalites. Today the school of the year 1931 is preserved in ruins, while the newest school of 1963 has been renovated and functions as an event hall of the Cultural Association "Agios Stefanos".
Temples-Churches
The Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior
Holy Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior of Pasalita
Pasalites: The icon of the Transfiguration from the homonymous Holy Temple

The main church of the settlement is dedicated to the "Transfiguration of the Savior". It is located in the square in the center of the village and is a single-aisled vaulted building that was extended over later times. Unfortunately, part of the frescoes has been coated. The church, unknown why, was not included by G · Gerola in the Elenco topografico delle chies affrescate di Greta, (Venezia 1935), but other small temples were recorded, a short distance from the Pasalites, such as the church of St. George in Melissourgaki.
The miraculous icon of Panagia Grylous

Inside the church, the miraculous icon of Panagia Grylous stands out [10] and the iconostasis that is a creation of 1865.
Our Lady of Grylos, work of the 1630s

NB Drandakis describes the icon of Panagia Grylous as follows: "In the Holy Temple of the Transfiguration, a 1,073X0,857 size is preserved, called by the people" Panagia Grylou "and is very damaged. Despite the repair, which he underwent Hagiographer Bishop of Rethymno and Avlopotamos Hierotheos (1882—1896), the colors are still falling. In the Pasalites, all the inhabitants of the former exiles and the priest, dressed in their priestly vestments, went out to meet her.
The icon of Panagia Grylous

A few letters are saved from the epigram. The face and the clothes of the Child are the part of the image that is best preserved by others, and perhaps for this reason it avoids the destructive repair. Jesus' robe is white, green, decorated, as well as in art. 169 icon of the Loverdos Museum, with three-leaf and two-leaf clover, three spots and circles, in the periphery three black stigmas touch. The childish square of the square is purple and the robe is tiled. To the right, under the iambic, is a painted saint in bust, of the state through the left, developed under the saint's inscription on a film with an unfolded inscription: .. »(= 1634). To the left of the Virgin's head was written in modern letters, contemporary apparently to the repair of the icon, nicknamed "The Hope of (Christians)". Doubtless if there was this inscription and older.

The popular teacher Tzanakis assures that Andreas read the baptismal name of the devotee and that Janes was inscribed on the icon as its poet. It is possible that the name of a hagiographer existed at the point of the image, where the colors have fallen. However, the oldest known work of Emm. Jane, the bearing date, was painted in 1636 (see Xyggopoulou, Catalog p. 40 and N. Tomadakin, in "Cretan Chronicles" A 'p. 145).

According to the retired popular teacher G. Tzanakis from Pasalita, the Virgin Mary was so named because I growl and growl, that is, I enlarge my eyes.
The miracle

So while the Lower Pasalites were decimated by the plague epidemic, the upper Pasalites suffered nothing thanks to the miraculous power of the patroness Panagia.

It is well known that the most terrible diseases are personified by the people. So an old woman from the village was asked, because the plague is not transmitted to the other settlement and she replied: The plague is afraid to go to Pano Pasalites, "it does not harm all the children, because it is afraid of Panagia Grylou."
Other smaller temples
Saint Astratigos, Pasalites

Another smaller church in the settlement (chapel) is dedicated to St. Athanasios of Alexandria with 19th century icons. Also in the periphery of the village belongs the renovated chapel of Agios Astratigos as it is called in Western Crete, ie of Michael the Archangel.
Ecclesiastical affiliation
The pastor of the parish, Fr. Nikolaos Markakis

Until the 1940s, the Pasalites together with the neighboring villages of Melissourgaki, Kalamas, Kalantare, Garipas and Perama belonged to the parish of Agios Georgios Houmeriou. Then the Pasalites together with the settlements of Melissourgaki, Kalamas and Kalandare form the parish of Pasalites. Papa-Nikolaos Markakis served as a pastor until 1960. The parish belongs to the 4th Hierarchical Region of the Holy Metropolis of Rethymno and Avlopotamos.
And a Testament [12]

Notary Arkoleos drafted the following will of the noble George Lombardou who restores his illegitimate daughter and mother by donating his property to the Lower Pasalites:

"Rethymno, November 25, 1644, at the house of the noble Cretan George Lombardou, former noble Cretan Pierre.

George and I were called there by the following witnesses and he told us that now that he has, by the grace of God, he wants to save the brakes and the crisis, he has made his last and inviolable will, in order to settle the affairs of soul and property. of. · He leaves the executor of the will and the owner of all his property, his beloved wife Margieta Sagouinatsou .............

He wants and leaves to Elena Gavalopoula, mother of his illegitimate daughter, the field "in Xerizomata", in the village of Kato Pasalites, to get the 8 mouzouri wheat he pays, as well as the vineyard he bought in the same village from the Katsiveli brothers. ·

He also leaves income of 25 superheroes on Viola's illegitimate daughter and the house he lives in.

The income will be valid as long as the mother and daughter live. When Elena and Viola die, the proceeds go to the monastery of the village and that of Panagia Semer (cs) or with the obligation for the fathers to make a service a month for his soul and that of his relatives. ·

He leaves the rest of his property, movable and immovable, to his wife and daughter Ergina, to take advantage of it as long as they live without giving an account to anyone.

Ergina must obey and honor Marietta's mother and Marietta must marry Ergina to an honest and good quality person and give her half the property, except for the house where Marietta lives.

Marietta can inherit only 6,000 super-fires and her property when she dies to go to his illegitimate daughter.

If he dies before he becomes an adult or without heirs, he will only be able to dispose of 10,000 of Malanos' share.

After the death of Elena, the share of Melanos was divided into four shares.

One to take the male children of George Grittis, his mother's brother,

the other the male children of Nikolos Grittis,

the third the male children of Pierre Grittis

and the latter the heirs of the noble Cretan Francisco Gritti Fr. Niccolo.

To give oil forever to the monastery of Agios Georgios M (p) alanos.

If his illegitimate daughter dies without offspring and after Marieta's death, all the property that the owner has in Kato Pasalites goes to the noble Cretan Francisco, son of Nikolakis Lombardos, his niece. ·

His house after the death of his illegitimate daughter and his wife to be sold and given the money for improvements to the officials of the Latin monastery of St. John, to commemorate him. · (S.s. is probably the church of St. John in the Diocese [13], which during the Venetian occupation was granted to the Latin Church)

Finally, he states that Marietta's dowry was 60,000 overpriced in real estate and appraisal of clothes, etc., according to the marriage contract, which he can dispose of as he wishes.

Witnesses :

Bartholomew Filaretos Fr. George,

George Kryoneritis Fr. Pope Thomas.
References

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Flouris, George. "Her name was Erofili."
MUSTAFA OĞUZ, EVANGELIA BALTA (2007). THE OTTOMAN CTIMATOLOGY OF RETHYMNO. Rethimno. ISBN ISBN 978-960-6688-08-9 Check | isbn = value: invalid character (help).
Troulis, Michalis (2017). Mylopotamos. Rethimno. pp. 333-338.
"Th. Malkidis: The unburied Greek soldiers of the epic of 1940-1941 (complete list) ".
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"Nikos Perakakis, the teacher who was never appointed!"
Stratidakis, Zacharias (2006). TEACHING NUTRITION-THE DIFFERENCE OF THE SCHOOL AND TEACHING NETWORK OF EDUCATIONAL ELEMENTS IN THE MYLOPOTAM OF RETHYMNO (1840-1940). Janina.
Galanakis, Marinos. "Student camps - Pasalites".
Drandakis, N. "THE RETHYMNIA OF IMAGES OF PANAGIAS OF PATHOS" (PDF).
"Holy Metropolis of Rethymno and Avlopotamos".
GRYNTAKIS, IOANNIS. "HOUSES OF FAMILY AND CLERONOMIC LAW IN WESTERN CRETE UNDER THE HIGHER AREA OF VENETOKORATIA".
"Church of Agios Ioannis in the Diocese of Mylopotamos".

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