Kallio , Fokida

Kallio (Κάλλιο) Fokida

Kallio is a semi-mountainous village located in Dorida of the Fokidos Regional Unit, at an altitude of 390 meters [1]. It has a population of 63 inhabitants, according to the 2011 Census, and together with the Lidoriki Climate and Trividi constitute the Local Community of Kallio of the Municipal Unit of Lidoriki of the Municipality of Doridos [2]. Kallio used to have a Slavic name. It was called Velouhovo, a name it retained until 1916 when it was renamed Kallio [3] from the nearby ancient city of Kallipolis.

Geography - History

The village was originally located in the area, where the artificial lake that emerged from the construction of the Mornos dam was created in 1980. For this reason, several residents moved mainly to Athens and Lidoriki. However, those who remained moved the village to another location, above the shores of the lake, while the old settlement was covered by the waters of the lake [4] [5], which also covered the church of Evangelistria. To the northwest of today's village is the "Kallio spring" from which the ancient Castle was watered, where the ruins of the church of Agios Nikolaos are preserved. Another historic building that sank was the stone (probably Venetian) vaulted bridge at the "Chania of Velouhovo" site mentioned in Makrygiannis' memoirs as well as the settlement of Chania Stenou [4] [6].

The ancient Kallion

In ancient times, Kallion or ancient Kallipolis was located northwest of Lidoriki, in the place "Steno", where later the castle of Velouhovo was built. Thucydides mentions the Callians and their city as the easternmost part of the Aetolian tribe of the Ophionians. It is not excluded that Kallion was the administrative center of all the Ophionians, according to the testimonies of Pausanias [8] and Stefanos Byzantiou (who calls the city Sollion and Fakion). In the Hellenistic period, according to inscriptions, the city was called Kallipolis. Although traces of habitation have survived from the Geometric years, Gallipoli was inhabited in an organized way from the 4th century BC. Its flourishing may be linked to the development of the Aetolian Confederation. It was in a very strategic position and perhaps that is why it was completely destroyed during the invasion of the Galatians in 279 BC. Following the Galatasaray campaign, the city was rebuilt. Several Kallipolitans, according to the inscriptions, climbed to positions in the Aetolian Confederation. Excavations have also revealed a thriving city, with state organization, sacred and economic prosperity. However, the inhabitants seem to have been actively involved in the political disputes of the 2nd century. e.g. on the position they had to take in relation to the Romans. After the battle of Pydna (167 BC) it seems that Kallion was destroyed by fire, which was possibly due to arson. In the 9th century, Lidoriki is mentioned as the seat of the bishop, who succeeded Kallios as the administrative center of the mountainous Dorida. In the 14th and 15th centuries only the castle of Lidoriki is mentioned, which is probably identified with the medieval ruins of the buildings and the fortification, which are preserved in the place of the ancient citadel [9].

Archaeological Data

After being systematically excavated between 1977 and 1979 by archeology professor Petros Themelis, the city's public buildings and cemeteries have been flooded by the waters of the artificial lake of Mornos. However, the fortified precinct, the sanctuaries of Dimitra and Kore and possibly Eileithyia or Artemida Eileithyia, the parliament, the market, the theater and the necropolises were revealed. About 600 clay seals were discovered in the famous "Archive House". Several of the movable finds are exhibited in the Archaeological Collection of Lidoriki, while some have been transferred to the Archaeological Museum of Amfissa.
External links

Website of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism

References

Encyclopedia New Structure. Athens: Tegopoulos - Maniateas. 1996. p. 288, vol. 15.
"2011 Population and Housing Census" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on May 17, 2017. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
Pandektis-Renamed
"Kallio | Municipality of Dorida Municipality of Dorida ". www.dorida.gr. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
Lidoriki High School, Kallio
"Kallio - Fokida | Terrabook ». Fokida | Terrabook. Retrieved on 2017-09-15.
Τοὺς δὲ Αἰτωλοὺς οὐκ ἐλάνθανεν αὕτη ἡ παρασκευὴ ο⁇ τε ὅτε τὸ πρῶτον ἐπεβουλεύετο, ἐπειδή τε ὁ στρατὸς ἐσεβεβλήκει, πολλῇ χειρὶ ἐπεβοήθουν πάντες,⁇ στε καὶ οἱ - Thucydides, "History of the Peloponnesian War" of History III
Greek Tour 10.22.6
"Ministry of Culture and Sports | Kallion ". odysseus.culture.gr. Retrieved September 15, 2017.

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