Rebecca Solomon (London 26 September 1832 – 20 November 1886 London) was an English painter.
Biography
Rebecca was one of eight children born into an artistically-inclined Jewish merchant family in Bishopsgate in east London. Her father was Michael (Meyer) Solomon, the first Jew to be honored with the Freedom of the City of London and mother Catherine (Kate) Levy. Rebecca was a sister to her more famous painter brothers Simeon Solomon (1840–1905) and Abraham Solomon (1824–1862). There were five other children in the family: Aaron, Betsy, Isaac, Ellen, and Sylvester.
Initially Rebecca was taught by her older brother Abraham and then took lessons at the Spitalfields School of Design. She exhibited at Royal Academy of Art between 1852 and 1868, and also at the Dudley Gallery and Gambart's French Gallery.[1]
Rebecca worked in the studio of John Everett Millais and the best known example of her work is a version of Millais's Christ in the House of his Parents. She also worked with the second wave Pre-Raphaelite artist, Edward Burne-Jones. As an artist in her own right, she painted works that often reflected gender and social class differences.[2]
Rebecca was also active in contemporary social reform movements and in 1859 she joined a group of thirty-eight women artists petitioning the Royal Academy of Art to open its schools to women, which led to the first woman, Laura Herford being admitted to the Academy in 1860.[3]
In 1886, Rebecca died aged 54, from injuries sustained after being run over by a hansom cab on the Euston Road in central London.
Themes
Solomon's artistic style was typical of popular 19th-century painting at the time and falls under the category of genre painting. She used her visual images to critique ethnic, gender and class prejudice in Victorian England. When Rebecca started painting genre scenes, her work demonstrated an observant eye for class, ethnic and gender discrimination. One critic commented on the wholesome, moral and sometimes humanizing sentiment in her art, not an uncommon element in Victorian painting.[4] However, Rebecca’s Jewish background was probably instrumental in developing her critical consciousness of difference and prejudice. Over the next ten to fifteen years, her artwork explored the plight of women and minorities, and the dominance of class discrimination in English society.
In the late 1850s Rebecca made a successful transition to classical and historical painting, the most highly valued art within the powerful art academies at the time. True to her vision, she continued to include images that reflected the historical foundations of nineteenth-century social injustice.
Works
Behind the curtain, exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts, London in 1858 (no.1094).
The arrest of a deserter (Israel Museum, Jerusalem). Exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts, London in 1861 (no.581).
Beatrix welcoming Henry Esmond to Walcote (1864)[5]
The fugitive royalists (Dudley Gallery, London in 1866-67, no.194).[6]
See also
English women painters from the early 19th century who exhibited at the Royal Academy of Art
Sophie Gengembre Anderson
Mary Baker
Ann Charlotte Bartholomew
Maria Bell
Barbara Bodichon
Joanna Mary Boyce
Margaret Sarah Carpenter
Fanny Corbaux
Mary Ellen Edwards
Harriet Gouldsmith
Mary Harrison
Jane Benham Hay
Anna Mary Howitt
Mary Moser
Martha Darley Mutrie
Ann Mary Newton
Emily Mary Osborn
Kate Perugini
Louise Rayner
Ellen Sharples
Rolinda Sharples
Rebecca Solomon
Elizabeth Emma Soyer
Isabelle de Steiger
Henrietta Ward
References
Gerrish-Nunn, P. 'Rebecca Solomon', in Geffrye Museum. Solomon, a Family of Painters: Abraham Solomon (1823–1862), Rebecca Solomon (1832–1886), Simeon Solomon (1840–1905) (London, 1985), 19-23.
Ferrari, Roberto C. “Rebecca Solomon, Pre-Raphaelite Sister.” The Review of the Pre-Raphaelite Society, 12:2 (Summer 2004): 23-36
Orr, Clarissa Campbell (1995). Women in the Victorian Art World. Manchester University Press. p. 54.
Kirchen, Anita. "Rebecca Solomon". Jewish Women Archive. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
Christie's, London, 27 July 1921, lot 130.
Christie's, London, 1 March 1879, lot 146.
Bibliography
Marsh, Jan and Pamela Gerrish Nunn. Pre-Raphaelite Women Artists. New York: Thames & Hudson, 1999.
Ferrari, Roberto C. “Rebecca Solomon, Pre-Raphaelite Sister.” The Review of the Pre-Raphaelite Society, 12:2 (Summer 2004): 23-36.
Daniels, Jeffery. "Solomon : a family of painters : Abraham Solomon, 1823–1862, Rebecca Solomon, 1832–1886, Simeon Solomon, 1840–1905" London: Inner Education Authority, 1985.
Nunn, Pamela Gerrish. "Rebecca Solomon's 'A Young Teacher'" The Burlington Magazine Vol. 130, No. 1027 (Oct., 1988), pp. 769–770
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