Jan Toorop
Paintings
The Schelde near Veere
The New Generation
Drawings
Kundry and Parsifal
Oostvoorne
Ships at Sea
Three vessels on the sea
Belgian Refugees
Desire and Satisfaction
The Apostle Thomas and Thaddeus
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The New Generation
Jean Theodoor Toorop (20 December 1858 – 3 March 1928), better known as Jan Toorop, was a Dutch-Indonesian painter, who worked in various styles, including Symbolism, Art Nouveau, and Pointilism. His early work was influenced by the Amsterdam Impressionism movement.
Biography
Johannes Theodorus Toorop was born on 20 December 1858 in Purworejo on the island of Java in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia).[1] His father was Christoffel Theodorus Toorop, a civil servant, and his mother was Maria Magdalena Cooke.[2] He was the third of five children and lived on the island of Bangka near Sumatra until he was nine years old.[3] He was then sent to school in Batavia on Java.[3]
In 1869 he left Indonesia for the Netherlands, where he studied in Delft and Amsterdam. In 1880 he became a student at the Rijksakademie in Amsterdam. From 1882 to 1886 he lived in Brussels where he joined Les XX (Les Vingts), a group of artists centred on James Ensor. Toorop worked in various styles during these years, such as Realism, Impressionism Neo-Impressionism and Post-Impressionism.
Jan Toorop's Lady in white (1886) of his wife Annie Hall
After his marriage to an Annie Hall, a British woman, in 1886, Toorop alternated his time between The Hague, England and Brussels, and after 1890 also the Dutch seaside town of Katwijk aan Zee. During this period he developed his unique Symbolist style, with dynamic, unpredictable lines based on Javanese motifs, highly stylised willowy figures, and curvilinear designs.
Jan Toorop in Amsterdam in 1892
In the late 19th century (in 1897) Toorop lived for 20 years in a small house on the market in the seaside town Domburg, Walcheren, Zeeland. He worked with a group of fellow artists, including Marinus Zwart and Piet Mondrian. There was no joint endeavor or common style among them. Each followed his individual personality, but they sought their inspiration in "the Zeeland Light", in the dunes, forests, beaches and the characteristic Zeeland population. Toorop was the center of this group.
Thereafter he turned to Art Nouveau styles, in which a similar play of lines is used for decorative purposes, without any apparent symbolic meaning. In 1905, he converted to Catholicism and began producing religious works. He also created book illustrations, posters, and stained glass designs.
Throughout his life Toorop also produced portraits, in sketch format and as paintings, which range in style from highly realistic to impressionistic.
Toorop died on 3 March 1928 in The Hague in the Netherlands.[1] His daughter Charley Toorop (1891–1955) was also a painter, as was his grandson Edgar Fernhout.
References
Victorine Hefting: Jan Toorop. 18 February-9 April, 1989, Haags Gemeentemuseum, The Hague. Forew. by Robert de Haas ; transl. by Patricia Wardle. The Hague, Haags Gemeentemuseum, 1989. ISBN 90-6730-071-3
(Dutch) Jan Toorop, Netherlands Institute for Art History, 2014. Retrieved on 18 February 2015.
(Dutch) B. H. Spaanstra-Polak, Toorop, Jean Theodoor (1858-1928), Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland, 2013. Retrieved on 18 February 2015.
(Dutch) Johannes (Jan) Theodoor Toorop, Biografisch Woordenboek Gelderland, 2004. Retrieved on 18 February 2015.
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