Théodore Chassériau
Paintings
Tepidarium
Andromeda Chained to the Rock by the Neireids
Woman and Little Girl of Constantine with a Gazelle
Comtesse de La Tour-Maubourg
Scene in the Jewish Quarter of Constantine
The Gaul Littavicus Betraying the Roman Cause Flees to Gergovie to Support Vercingetorix
Harem Scene, Moorish lady in the bathroom
Cossack girls at Mazeppa's body
Jewish Women of Algeria on a Balcony
Macbeth and Banquo Encountering the Three Witches on the Heath
Macbeth Seeing the Ghost of Banquo
Sappho Leaping into the Sea from the Leucadian Promontory
Drawings
Oh Oh Oh , plate 14 from Othello Act 5, Scene 2
O Spartan dog, plate 15 from Othello, Act 5, Scene 2
Portrait of Mme Borg de Balsam
Portrait of Comte Oscar de Ranchicourt
Portrait of Comtesse du Magnoncourt, née Mary de Tracy
Portrait of Mme Monnerot the Elder
Portrait of Princess Marie Cantacuzene
Portrait of the Wife of Admiral Duperré and Her Daughters
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Tepidarium
Théodore Chassériau (September 20, 1819 – October 8, 1856) was a French romantic painter noted for his portraits, historical and religious paintings, allegorical murals, and Orientalist images inspired by his travels to Algeria.He was accepted into the studio of Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres in 1830, at the age of eleven, becoming the favorite pupil of the great classicist, who came to regard him as his truest disciple. (An account that may be apocryphal has Ingres declaring "Come, gentlemen, come see, this child will be the Napoleon of painting.") After Ingres left Paris in 1834 to become director of the French Academy in Rome, Chassériau fell under the influence of Eugène Delacroix, whose brand of painterly colorism was anathema to Ingres. Chassériau's art has often been characterized as an attempt to reconcile the classicism of Ingres with the romanticism of Delacroix. He first exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1836, and was awarded a third-place medal in the category of history painting. In 1840 Chassériau travelled to Rome and met with Ingres, whose bitterness at the direction his student's work was taking led to a decisive break.
Among the chief works of his early maturity are Susanna and the Elders and Venus Anadyomene (both 1839), Diana Surprised by Actaeon (1840), Andromeda Chained to the Rock by the Nereids (1840), and The Toilette of Esther (1841), all of which reveal a very personal ideal in depicting the female nude.[7] Chassériau's major religious paintings from these years, Christ on the Mount of Olives (a subject he treated in 1840 and again in 1844) and The Descent from the Cross (1842), received mixed reviews from the critics; among the artist's champions was Théophile Gautier. Chassériau also carried out a commission for murals depicting the life of Saint Mary of Egypt in the Church of Saint-Merri in Paris; these were completed in 1843.
Portraits from this period include the Portrait of the Reverend Father Dominique Lacordaire, of the Order of the Predicant Friars (1840), and The Two Sisters (1843), which depicts Chassériau's sisters Adèle and Aline.
Throughout his life he was a prolific draftsman; his many portrait drawings executed with a finely pointed graphite pencil are close in style to those of Ingres. He also created a body of 29 prints, including a group of eighteen etchings of subjects from Shakespeare's Othello in 1844.[8]
Portrait of Mme Borg de Balsan, 1847, pencil on paper, 33.3 x 27 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art
In 1846, shortly after painting the colossal Ali-Ben-Hamet, Caliph of Constantine and Chief of the Haractas, Followed by his Escort, Chassériau made his first trip to Algeria. From sketches made on this and subsequent trips he painted such subjects as Arab Chiefs Visiting Their Vassals and Jewish Women on a Balcony (both 1849, now in the Louvre). A major late work, The Tepidarium (1853, in the Musée d'Orsay), depicts a large group of women drying themselves after bathing, in an architectural setting inspired by the artist's trip in 1840 to Pompeii. His most monumental work was his decoration of the grand staircase of the Cour des Comptes, commissioned by the state in 1844 and completed in 1848. This work was heavily damaged in May 1871 by a fire set during the Commune, and only fragments could be recovered; these are preserved in the Louvre.
After a period of ill health, exacerbated by his exhausting work on commissions for murals to decorate the Churches of Saint-Roch and Saint-Philippe-du-Roule, Chassériau died at the age of 37 in Paris, on October 8, 1856.
His work had a significant impact on the style of Puvis de Chavannes and Gustave Moreau, and—through those artists' influence—reverberations in the work of Paul Gauguin and Henri Matisse.[9] There is in Paris a Society for the painter: Association des Amis de Théodore Chassériau.
Works of Chassériau are today visible in the Musée du Louvre where a room is dedicated to him, in the Musée d'Orsay or in the Musée de Versailles. Collections in the United States holding works by Théodore Chassériau include the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, the Fogg Art Museum of Harvard University, the National Gallery of Art of Washington, D.C., the Detroit Institute of Arts, the Museum of the Art Rhode Island School of Design, The J. Paul Getty Museum and the Art Institute of Chicago.
Selected works
Self-portrait (Chassériau)
Aline Chassériau
Battle of Arab Horsemen Around a Standard (1854)
Notes
Guégan et al. 2002, p. 163.
Guégan et al. 2002, pp. 58, 163.
Guégan et al. 2002, p. 168.
Guégan et al. 2002, pp. 60, 168.
Rosenblum 1989, p. 32.
Guégan et al. 2002, p. 170.
Guégan et al. 2002, p. 53.
Fisher 1979, p. 13.
Guégan et al. 2002, p. 287.
References
Fisher, Jay M.(1979). Théodore Chassériau: Illustrations for Othello. Baltimore: The Baltimore Museum of Art. ISBN 0-912298-50-2
Guégan, Stéphane; Pomarède, Vincent; Prat, Louis-Antoine (2002). Théodore Chassériau, 1819-1856: the unknown romantic. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 1-58839-067-5
Miller, Peter Benson (2004). "By the Sword and the Plow: Théodore Chassériau's Cour des Comptes Murals and Algeria," The Art Bulletin vol. 86, no. 4 (Dec. 2004), pp. 690–718.
Rosenblum, Robert (1989). Paintings in the Musée d'Orsay. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang. ISBN 1-55670-099-7
Further reading
Chassériau Correspondance oubliée, édition présentée et annotée par Jean-Baptiste Nouvion. Préface par Marianne de Tolentino - Les Amis de Théodore Chassériau, 260 pages, Paris, 2014
Aglaus Bouvenne Théodore Chassériau : Souvenirs et Indiscrétions (1884), réédition par Les Amis de Théodore Chassériau, 2012 (en langue française), 2013 (en langue espagnole)
Xavier de Harlay, « L'Idéal moderne selon Charles Baudelaire & Théodore Chassériau », revue Art et Poésie de Touraine numéro 180, 2005 et éditions Litt&graphie, 2011
André-Pierre Nouvion, Trois familles en Périgord-Limousin dans la tourmente de la Révolution et de L'Empire : Nouvion, Besse-Soutet-Dupuy et Chassériau, Paris, 2007
Louis-Antoine Prat, Cahiers du Dessin Français numéro 5. Théodore Chassériau (1819-1856), Galerie de Bayser, 1989
Christine Peltre, Théodore Chassériau, Gallimard, 2002
Louis-Antoine Prat, Dessins de Théodore Chassériau: 1819-1856, 2 vol., Musée du Louvre, Cabinet des dessins, Paris : Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Éditions de la Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 1988
Marc Sandoz, Théodore Chassériau, 1819 1856, catalogue raisonné des peintures et estampes. Paris : Arts et Métiers Graphiques, 1974
Werner Teupser, Theodore Chasseriau, Zeitschrift für Kunst
Léonce Bénédite, Théodore Chassériau: sa vie et son œuvre, Paris, 1931
Goodrich, Théodore Chassériau, 1928
Henri Focillon, « La peinture au XIXe : Le retour à l'antique » in Le Romanticisme, Paris, 1927
Jean Laran, Théodore Chassériau, Paris, 1913, 1921
Léandre Vaillat, « L'Œuvre de Théodore Chassériau » in Les Arts, août 1913
Léandre Vaillat, « Chassériau » in L'Art et les Artistes, 1907
Valbert Chevillard, « Théodore Chassériau » in Revue de l'art ancien et moderne, numéro 3, 10 mars 1898,
Alice et Aline, une peinture de Théodore Chassériau, par Robert de Montesquiou Ed. Charpentier et Fasquelle, Paris, 1898
La Chronique des arts et de la curiosité, numéro 9, 27 février 1897
Ary Renan, Les Peintres orientalistes, Galerie Durand-Ruel, 1897
Valbert Chevillard, Un peintre romantique : Théodore Chassériau, Paris, 1893
Aglaus Bouvenne Théodore Chassériau : Souvenirs et Indiscrétions, A. Detaille, Paris, 1884
Théophile Gautier, « L'Atelier de feu Théodore Chassériau » in L'Artiste, numéro 14, 15 mars 1857
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