Paula Therese Hammond (born September 3, 1963) is a David H. Koch Professor in Engineering and the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).[1] She was the first woman and person of color appointed as head of the Chemical Engineering department. Her laboratory designs polymers and nanoparticles for drug delivery and energy-related applications including batteries and fuel cells.[2]
Hammond has been the recipient of numerous awards and is a member of the National Academy of Medicine (2016),[3] the National Academy of Engineering (2017, “for contributions to self-assembly of polyelectrolytes, colloids, and block copolymers at surfaces and interfaces for energy and healthcare applications”),[4] the National Academy of Sciences (2019),[5] and the National Academy of Inventors (2021).[6]
She is an intramural faculty member of the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and an Associate Editor of ACS Nano.[7][8]
Early life and education
External videos
video icon “I learned to not be intimidated by the problem”, Science History Institute
Hammond was born in 1963 in Detroit, Michigan[9] as Paula Therese Goodwin to parents Jesse Francis and Della Mae Goodwin (née McGraw). Her father has a Ph.D in Biochemistry and her mother has a master's degree in nursing.[10]
Goodwin graduated a year prior to her expected date at the Academy of the Sacred Heart in Bloomfield, Michigan in 1980.[11] After graduation, Goodwin went on to study and earn a Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984.[10] After completing her bachelors, she went to work for Motorola for two years as a process engineer in the packaging of integrated circuits.[9][12] She returned to academia and obtained a Master of Science in chemical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1988,[10] while working at Georgia Tech Research Institute as a research engineer.[13] Hammond's master's thesis was on conducting elastomers for robotic tactile sensors.[9][14]
In 1988, she returned to MIT to earn her Ph.D. in chemical engineering (granted in 1993).[10] At MIT she worked under the supervision of Michael F. Rubner. Her Ph.D. thesis research focused on synthesizing polymers with mechanochromic properties.[9] After completing her Ph.D., Hammond was a NSF Postdoctoral Fellow with George M. Whitesides in the chemistry department at Harvard University.
Research and career
In 1995 Hammond was appointed to Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an Assistant Professor.[9] Hammond and her lab uses understanding of secondary interactions to guide materials assembly at surfaces and in solution to design polymers and nanoparticles for applications in drug delivery; wound healing; and energy and fuel cells.[15][16] Her work involves Layer by layer (LbL) assembly, which builds films of alternating positively and negatively charged molecules.[17] Additionally, her lab works with nanoparticle drug carriers for targeted nanoparticle drug, gene, and siRNA delivery for cancer treatment as well as artificial polypeptides and polymeric nucleic acids to engage biology and build novel drug systems.
Medical applications
Hammond has developed "stealth polymers" to disguise cancer chemotherapeutics contained in nanoparticles so that they can reach tumors.[18] She also works on ways to transport RNA into cells to either increase[19] or decrease the expression of specific genes.[20]
Hammond cofounded MIT's Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology, a partnership between MIT, the Army, and industry partners to develop nanotechnology to improve soldier "protection and survivability."[21][12] As part of this program, Hammond designed a spray that helps blood clot to prevent blood loss.[12]
Hammond developed LayerForm™️ technology to build drug delivery films with alternating drug and polymer layers. In 2013, she co-founded a biotechnology company, LayerBio Inc. to commercialize LayerForm™️ for regenerative medicine applications.[22][16]
Hammond is a member of the board of directors for Alector, a biotech company focusing on immuno-neurology.[23] She is also a member of the board of director for Burroughs Wellcome Fund.[24]
Energy and fuel cells
Hammond also works on the development of polymers for use in batteries thin films of carbon microtubules that can be used in batteries, solar cells, and fuel cells.[2] She presented research on virus-based batteries to Barack Obama in 2009.[12]
Honors and recognitions
Hammond has received multiple honors and awards throughout her career. As a graduate student in 1992, she was awarded a Ford Foundation Dissertation Fellowship from the National Academy of Sciences.[25] Her postdoc was supported by an NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Chemistry, awarded in 1994. Since joining the faculty at MIT, Hammond has amassed several plaudits, with early career highlights including an Environmental Protection Agency Early Career Research Award[26] in 1996 and an NSF CAREER Award for Young Investigators[27] in 1997. In 2013, Hammond was one of three African-American female fellows to be elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She was elected to the National Academy of Medicine[28] and the National Academy of Engineering[29] in rapid succession in 2016 and 2017, respectively, the National Academy of Sciences[30] in 2019 and finally the National Academy of Inventors[6] in 2021. In 2021 Hammond was also selected to be a member of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) under President Biden.[31]
Selected bibliography
Scholia has a profile for Paula T. Hammond (Q16195100).
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Nam, K. T.; Kim, DW; Yoo, PJ; Chiang, CY; Meethong, N; Hammond, PT; Chiang, YM; Belcher, AM (2006). "Virus-Enabled Synthesis and Assembly of Nanowires for Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes". Science. 312 (5775): 885–8. Bibcode:2006Sci...312..885N. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.395.4344. doi:10.1126/science.1122716. PMID 16601154. S2CID 5105315.
Hammond, P. T. (2004). "Form and Function in Multilayer Assembly: New Applications at the Nanoscale". Advanced Materials. 16 (15): 1271–1293. Bibcode:2004AdM....16.1271H. doi:10.1002/adma.200400760. S2CID 135521187.
Hammond, Paula T (1999). "Recent explorations in electrostatic multilayer thin film assembly". Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science. 4 (6): 430–442. doi:10.1016/S1359-0294(00)00022-4.
References
"Paula Hammond named head of Department of Chemical Engineering". MIT News. Retrieved 2017-05-11.
Trafton, Anne. "Harnessing the Power of Polymers". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
"National Academy of Medicine Member Page". www.nam.edu. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
"National Academy of Engineering Member Page". www.nae.edu. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
"National Academy of Sciences Member Page". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
"NAI 2021 Class of Fellows" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-12-07.
"Editorial Board". pubs.acs.org. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
"The Koch Institute: Paula T. Hammond". ki.mit.edu. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
"In Profile: Paula Hammond, Professor of Chemical Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology". Advanced Materials. 14 (2): 95. 2002. doi:10.1002/1521-4095(20020116)14:2<95::AID-ADMA95>3.0.CO;2-X.
"Paula Hammond". Science History Institute. 29 June 2016. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
"Paula T. Hammond '84, PhD '93 | MIT Infinite History". infinitehistory.mit.edu. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
"The Paula T. Hammond Lab". Science | AAAS. 2014-12-02. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
"Career Ladder: Paula Hammond". Chemical & Engineering News. February 22, 2021. Retrieved 2021-02-25.
Hammond, Paula T (1988). Development of a conductive elastomeric matrix for robotic tactile sensors (Thesis). OCLC 19115234.
"Paula Hammond". Science History Institute. 2016-06-29. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
"Paula Hammond on women in science: Life will always be busy; start a company anyway". Chemical & Engineering News. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
Bourzac, Katherine (2015-12-11). "A Conversation with Paula Hammond". ACS Central Science. 1 (9): 466–467. doi:10.1021/acscentsci.5b00375. ISSN 2374-7943. PMC 4827460. PMID 27163008.
"Faculty highlight: Paula Hammond". MIT News. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
"Bio-inspired approach to RNA delivery". MIT News. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
"Practicing medicine at the nanoscale: New approaches to drug delivery offer hope for new, more targeted treatments". Retrieved 2018-08-18.
"Institute For Soldier Nanotechnologies – Mission". isnweb.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
"LayerForm". LayerBio. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
"Alector Announces the Appointment of Paula Hammond, Ph.D., to the Board of Directors | Alector". investors.alector.com. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
"BWF Board". Burroughs Wellcome Fund. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
https://sites.nationalacademies.org/pga/fordfellowships/pga_171939
"Grantee Research Project Results Search | Research Project Database | Grantee Research Project | ORD | US EPA". cfpub.epa.gov. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
"NSF Award Search: Award#9702752 – CAREER: Control Through Molecular Design in Engineering: Molecular Order and Function from Ionic Multilayers of Liquid Crystal Polymers". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
"Paula Hammond elected to the National Academy of Medicine". MIT News. Retrieved 2017-05-11.
"Eight MIT faculty elected to the National Academy of Engineering". MIT News. Retrieved 2017-05-11.
"Three from MIT elected to the National Academy of Sciences for 2019". MIT News. Retrieved 2019-06-18.
"President Biden Announces Members of President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology". The White House. 2021-09-22. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
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