Joachim Frank (German pronunciation: [ˈjoːaxɪm ˈfʁaŋk] ⓘ) HonFRMS; born September 12, 1940) is a German-American biophysicist at Columbia University and a Nobel laureate. He is regarded as the founder of single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2017 with Jacques Dubochet and Richard Henderson.[2] He also made significant contributions to structure and function of the ribosome from bacteria and eukaryotes.
Life and career
Frank was born in Siegen in the borough of Weidenau. After completing his Vordiplom (B.S.) degree in physics at the University of Freiburg (1963)[3] and his Diplom under Walter Rollwagen's mentorship at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich with the thesis "Untersuchung der Sekundärelektronen-Emission von Gold am Schmelzpunkt" (Investigation of secondary electron emission of gold at its melting point) (1967), Frank obtained his Ph.D. from the Technical University of Munich for graduate studies in Walter Hoppe's lab at the Max Planck Institut für Eiweiss- und Lederforschung (now Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry) with the dissertation Untersuchungen von elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen hoher Auflösung mit Bilddifferenz- und Rekonstruktionsverfahren[4] (Investigations of high-resolution electron micrographs using image difference and reconstruction methods) (1970). The thesis explores the use of digital image processing and optical diffraction in the analysis of electron micrographs, and alignment of images using the cross-correlation function.
As a Harkness postdoctoral fellow, he had the opportunity to study for two years in the United States: with Robert Nathan at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; with Robert M. Glaeser at Donner Lab, University of California, Berkeley and with Benjamin M. Siegel at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.[5][6][7] In the fall of 1972 he returned briefly to the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Martinsried as research assistant, working on the theory of partial coherence in electron microscopy,[8] then, in 1973, he joined the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge as Senior Research Assistant under Vernon Ellis Cosslett.
In 1975 Frank was offered a position of senior research scientist in the Division of Laboratories and Research (now Wadsworth Center), New York State Department of Health,[6][9] where he started working on single-particle approaches in electron microscopy.[10] In 1985 he was appointed associate and then (1986) full professor at the newly formed Department of Biomedical Sciences of the University at Albany, State University of New York. In 1987 and 1994, he went on sabbaticals in Europe, one to work with Richard Henderson, Laboratory of Molecular Biology Medical Research Council in Cambridge and the other as a Humboldt Research Award winner with Kenneth C. Holmes, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg.[6] In 1998 Frank was appointed investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). Since 2003 he was also lecturer at Columbia University, and he joined Columbia University in 2008 as professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and of biological sciences.
Awards (selection)
1994 Humboldt Research Award of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation[7]
2006 Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences[11]
2006 Member of the National Academy of Sciences[12]
2014 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Science of the Franklin Institute[13]
2017 Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences[14]
2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[15]
2018 Honorary Doctorate, University of Siegen (Germany)[16]
2018 Honorary Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society
Selected publications
Books
Frank, Joachim (2014), Found in Translation – Collection of Original Articles on Single-Particle Reconstruction and the Structural Basis of Protein Synthesis, Singapore: World Scientific Press, ISBN 978-981-4522-80-9.
Herman, Gabor T.; Frank, Joachim (2014), Computational Methods for Three-Dimensional Microscopy Reconstruction, springer, ISBN 978-1-4614-9520-8.
Frank, Joachim (2011), Molecular Machines in Biology: Workshop of the Cell, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-19428-0.
Glaeser, Robert M.; Downing, Ken; Chiu, Wah; Frank, Joachim; DeRosier, David (2007), Electron Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-508871-7.
Frank, Joachim (2006), Electron Tomography (2nd ed.), New York: Springer, ISBN 978-0-387-31234-7.
Frank, Joachim (2006), Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy of Macromolecular Assemblies (2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-518218-7.
Articles
Frank, Joachim (2015). "Generalized single-particle cryo-EM – a historical perspective". Microscopy. 65 (1): 3–8. doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfv358. PMC 4749046. PMID 26566976.
Frank, Joachim; Gonzalez, Jr., Ruben L. (2010). "Structure and dynamics of a processive Brownian motor: the translating ribosome". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 79: 381–412. doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060408-173330. PMC 2917226. PMID 20235828.
Frank, Joachim; Spahn, Christian M.T. (2010). "The ribosome and the mechanism of protein synthesis". Rep. Prog. Phys. 69 (5): 1383–1417. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/69/5/R03. S2CID 121917680.
Frank, Joachim (2009). "Single-particle reconstruction of biological macromolecules in electron microscopy -- 30 years". Q. Rev. Biophys. 42 (3): 139–158. doi:10.1017/S0033583509990059. PMC 2844734. PMID 20025794.
References
Frank, Joachim (2017), Curriculum Vitae Archived October 9, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017". The Nobel Foundation. October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
Entry in the University Archive Freiburg, Prüfungsausschuss für Diplom-Physiker B 11/593
Entry in the catalogue of the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek: DNB 482124628
"Joachim Frank, PhD | P&S; Research". Archived from the original on October 9, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
Mossman, Kaspar (December 11, 2007). "Profile of Joachim Frank". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (50): 19668–70. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10419668M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0710323105. PMC 2148354. PMID 18056798.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Frank, Joachim (1973), "The envelope of electron microscopic transfer functions for partially coherent illumination", Optik, 38: 519–539.
Wicher, Konrad (2006). History of the electron microscope: the high voltage electron microscope and beyond at the Division of Laboratories and Research/Wadsworth Center. Albany, New York: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health. p. 149.
Frank, Joachim (1975). "Averaging of low-exposure electron micrographs of non-periodic objects". Ultramicroscopy. 1 (2): 159–162. doi:10.1016/s0304-3991(75)80020-9. PMID 1236029.
Book of Members 1780–present (PDF, 878 kB) at American Academy of Arts and Sciences (amacad.org); Retrieved February 23, 2017.
"Joachim Frank". nasonline.org. January 12, 2006. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
"Joachim Frank". fi.edu. December 12, 2014. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
"The 16th Annual Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences Awarded for Pioneering Developments in Electron Microscopy". newsroom.wiley.com. February 22, 2017. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
"Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded for Cryo-Electron Microscopy". The New York Times. October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
"Respect and Recognition". uni-siegen.de. April 17, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
Further reading
Mossman, Kaspar (December 11, 2007). "Profile of Joachim Frank". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 104 (50): 19668–19670. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10419668M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0710323105. PMC 2148354. PMID 18056798.
External links
Scholia has an author profile for Joachim Frank.
Frank Lab Archived March 25, 2021, at the Wayback Machine website
List of Publications Archived December 24, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
Joachim Frank publications indexed by Google Scholar
Joachim Frank on Nobelprize.org Edit this at Wikidata including the Nobel Lecture on December 8, 2017 Single-Particle Reconstruction – Story in a Sample
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Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1901–1925
1901: Jacobus van 't Hoff 1902: Emil Fischer 1903: Svante Arrhenius 1904: William Ramsay 1905: Adolf von Baeyer 1906: Henri Moissan 1907: Eduard Buchner 1908: Ernest Rutherford 1909: Wilhelm Ostwald 1910: Otto Wallach 1911: Marie Curie 1912: Victor Grignard / Paul Sabatier 1913: Alfred Werner 1914: Theodore Richards 1915: Richard Willstätter 1916 1917 1918: Fritz Haber 1919 1920: Walther Nernst 1921: Frederick Soddy 1922: Francis Aston 1923: Fritz Pregl 1924 1925: Richard Zsigmondy
1926–1950
1926: Theodor Svedberg 1927: Heinrich Wieland 1928: Adolf Windaus 1929: Arthur Harden / Hans von Euler-Chelpin 1930: Hans Fischer 1931: Carl Bosch / Friedrich Bergius 1932: Irving Langmuir 1933 1934: Harold Urey 1935: Frédéric Joliot-Curie / Irène Joliot-Curie 1936: Peter Debye 1937: Norman Haworth / Paul Karrer 1938: Richard Kuhn 1939: Adolf Butenandt / Leopold Ružička 1940 1941 1942 1943: George de Hevesy 1944: Otto Hahn 1945: Artturi Virtanen 1946: James B. Sumner / John Northrop / Wendell Meredith Stanley 1947: Robert Robinson 1948: Arne Tiselius 1949: William Giauque 1950: Otto Diels / Kurt Alder
1951–1975
1951: Edwin McMillan / Glenn T. Seaborg 1952: Archer Martin / Richard Synge 1953: Hermann Staudinger 1954: Linus Pauling 1955: Vincent du Vigneaud 1956: Cyril Hinshelwood / Nikolay Semyonov 1957: Alexander Todd 1958: Frederick Sanger 1959: Jaroslav Heyrovský 1960: Willard Libby 1961: Melvin Calvin 1962: Max Perutz / John Kendrew 1963: Karl Ziegler / Giulio Natta 1964: Dorothy Hodgkin 1965: Robert Woodward 1966: Robert S. Mulliken 1967: Manfred Eigen / Ronald Norrish / George Porter 1968: Lars Onsager 1969: Derek Barton / Odd Hassel 1970: Luis Federico Leloir 1971: Gerhard Herzberg 1972: Christian B. Anfinsen / Stanford Moore / William Stein 1973: Ernst Otto Fischer / Geoffrey Wilkinson 1974: Paul Flory 1975: John Cornforth / Vladimir Prelog
1976–2000
1976: William Lipscomb 1977: Ilya Prigogine 1978: Peter D. Mitchell 1979: Herbert C. Brown / Georg Wittig 1980: Paul Berg / Walter Gilbert / Frederick Sanger 1981: Kenichi Fukui / Roald Hoffmann 1982: Aaron Klug 1983: Henry Taube 1984: Robert Merrifield 1985: Herbert A. Hauptman / Jerome Karle 1986: Dudley R. Herschbach / Yuan T. Lee / John Polanyi 1987: Donald J. Cram / Jean-Marie Lehn / Charles J. Pedersen 1988: Johann Deisenhofer / Robert Huber / Hartmut Michel 1989: Sidney Altman / Thomas Cech 1990: Elias Corey 1991: Richard R. Ernst 1992: Rudolph A. Marcus 1993: Kary Mullis / Michael Smith 1994: George Olah 1995: Paul J. Crutzen / Mario Molina / F. Sherwood Rowland 1996: Robert Curl / Harold Kroto / Richard Smalley 1997: Paul D. Boyer / John E. Walker / Jens Christian Skou 1998: Walter Kohn / John Pople 1999: Ahmed Zewail 2000: Alan J. Heeger / Alan MacDiarmid / Hideki Shirakawa
2001–present
2001: William Knowles / Ryoji Noyori / K. Barry Sharpless 2002: John B. Fenn / Koichi Tanaka / Kurt Wüthrich 2003: Peter Agre / Roderick MacKinnon 2004: Aaron Ciechanover / Avram Hershko / Irwin Rose 2005: Robert H. Grubbs / Richard R. Schrock / Yves Chauvin 2006: Roger D. Kornberg 2007: Gerhard Ertl 2008: Osamu Shimomura / Martin Chalfie / Roger Y. Tsien 2009: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan / Thomas A. Steitz / Ada E. Yonath 2010: Richard F. Heck / Akira Suzuki / Ei-ichi Negishi 2011: Dan Shechtman 2012: Robert Lefkowitz / Brian Kobilka 2013: Martin Karplus / Michael Levitt / Arieh Warshel 2014: Eric Betzig / Stefan Hell / William E. Moerner 2015: Tomas Lindahl / Paul L. Modrich / Aziz Sancar 2016: Jean-Pierre Sauvage / Fraser Stoddart / Ben Feringa 2017: Jacques Dubochet / Joachim Frank / Richard Henderson 2018: Frances Arnold / Gregory Winter / George Smith 2019: John B. Goodenough / M. Stanley Whittingham / Akira Yoshino 2020: Emmanuelle Charpentier / Jennifer Doudna 2021: David MacMillan / Benjamin List 2022: Carolyn R. Bertozzi / Morten P. Meldal / Karl Barry Sharpless 2023: Moungi G. Bawendi / Louis E. Brus / Alexei I. Ekimov
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