Ultrafast x-rays or ultrashort X-ray pulses are femtosecond x-ray pulses with wavelengths occurring at interatomic distances. This beam uses the X-ray's inherent abilities to interact at the level of atomic nuclei and core electrons. This ability combined with the shorter pulses at 30 femtosecond could capture the change in position of atoms, or molecules during phase transitions, chemical reactions, and other transient processes in physics, chemistry, and biology.[1][2]
Fundamental transitions and processes
Ultrafast X-ray diffraction (time-resolved X-ray diffraction) can surpass ultrashortpulse visible techniques, which are limited to detecting structures on the level of valence and free electrons. Ultrashortpulse x-ray techniques are able to resolve atomic scales, where dynamic structural changes and reactions occur in the interior of a material.[3][4][5]
See also
Stanford PULSE Institute for ultrafast x-ray science
Ultrafast laser spectroscopy
References
Yarris, Lynn (August 27, 1993). "LBL Beam Test Facility to Yield Ultrafast X-Rays". Ultrafast X-ray diffraction. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Retrieved 2011-07-08.
Corlett, John (August 6, 2010). "Overview of X-Ray FEL R&D at LBNL" (PDF). Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. pp. 3, 4, 5. Retrieved 2011-07-08.
Siders, C. W.; Cavalleri, A; Sokolowski-Tinten, K; Tóth, C; Guo, T; Kammler, M; Horn Von Hoegen, M; Wilson, KR; et al. (1999). "Detection of Nonthermal Melting by Ultrafast X-ray Diffraction" (PDF). Science. 286 (5443): 1340–1342. doi:10.1126/science.286.5443.1340. PMID 10558985. Free PDF download.
Rose-Petruck, Christoph; Jimenez, Ralph; Guo, Ting; Cavalleri, Andrea; Siders, Craig W.; Rksi, Ferenc; Squier, Jeff A.; Walker, Barry C.; et al. (March 25, 1999). "Picosecond–milliångström lattice dynamics measured by ultrafast X-ray diffraction" (PDF). Nature. 398 (6725): 310–312. Bibcode:1999Natur.398..310R. doi:10.1038/18631. Free PDF download.
Zamponi, F.; Ansari, Z.; Woerner, M.; Elsaesser, T. (2010). "Femtosecond powder diffraction with a laser-driven hard X-ray source" (PDF). Optics Express. 18 (2): 947–61. Bibcode:2010OExpr..18..947Z. doi:10.1364/OE.18.000947. PMID 20173917. Free PDF download.
Further reading
Emma P., et al. (2010) "First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser" Nature Photonics 4(9):641-647.
Philip H. Bucksbaum; Ryan Coffee; Nora Berrah (2011). "The First Atomic and Molecular Experiments at the Linac Coherent Light Source X-Ray Free Electron Laser". In E. Arimondo; P.R. Berman; C.C. Lin (eds.). Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. Advances In Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. 60. Academic Press. pp. 239–289. Bibcode:2011AAMOP..60..239B. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-385508-4.00005-X. ISBN 9780123855084.
Diagram of the table-top ultrafast X-ray diffractometer
Rose-Petruck, Christoph; et al. (March 25, 1999). "Figure 1". Nature. 398 (6725): 310–312. Bibcode:1999Natur.398..310R. doi:10.1038/18631.
Figures and Tables. Nature Publishing Group. March 25, 1999.
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