Metal-vapor lasers
| Laser gain medium and type | Operation wavelength(s) | Pump source | Applications and notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Helium–cadmium (HeCd) metal-vapor laser | 325 nm, 441.563 nm | Electrical discharge in metal vapor mixed with helium buffer gas. | Printing and typesetting applications, fluorescence excitation examination (i.e. in U.S. paper currency printing), scientific research. |
| Helium–mercury (HeHg) metal-vapor laser | 567 nm, 615 nm | Electrical discharge in metal vapor mixed with helium buffer gas. | (Rare) Scientific research, amateur laser construction. |
| Helium–selenium (HeSe) metal-vapor laser | up to 24 wavelengths between red and UV | Electrical discharge in metal vapor mixed with helium buffer gas. | (Rare) Scientific research, amateur laser construction. |
| Helium–silver (HeAg) metal-vapor laser[3] | 224.3 nm | Electrical discharge in metal vapor mixed with helium buffer gas. | Scientific research |
| Strontium vapor laser | 430.5 nm | Electrical discharge in metal vapor mixed with helium buffer gas. | Scientific research |
| Neon–copper (NeCu) metal-vapor laser[3] | 248.6 nm | Electrical discharge in metal vapor mixed with neon buffer gas. | Scientific research: Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy[4][5] |
| Copper vapor laser | 510.6 nm, 578.2 nm | Electrical discharge | Dermatological uses, high speed photography, pump for dye lasers. |
| Gold vapor laser | 627 nm | Electrical discharge | (Rare) Dermatological uses, photodynamic therapy.[6] |
| Manganese (Mn/MnCl2) vapor laser | 534.1 nm | Pulsed electric discharge |
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