This is a list of past and current experiments at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) facility since its commissioning in 1976.[1] The SPS was used as the main particle collider for many experiments, and has been adapted to various purpose ever since its inception. Four locations were used for experiments, the North Area (NA experiments), West Area (WA experiments), Underground Area (UA experiments), and the Endcap MUon detectors (EMU experiments).
The UA1 and UA2 experiments famously detected the W and Z bosons in the early 1980s.[2] Following this, Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer won the 1984 Nobel Prize in Physics.[3]
The list is first compiled from the INSPIRE database, then missing information is retrieved from the online version CERN's Grey Book. The most specific information of the two is kept, e.g. if the INSPIRE database lists November 1974, while the Grey Book lists 22 November 1974, the Grey Book entry is shown. When there is a conflict between the INSPIRE database and the Grey Book, the INSPIRE database information is listed, unless otherwise noted.
EMU experiments
EMU = endcap muon
EMU experiments
| Experiment |
Codename |
Spokesperson |
Description |
Proposed |
Approved |
Began |
Completed |
Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMU1 | — | Ingvar Otterlund | Study of particle production and nuclear fragmentation in collisions of 16O beams with emulsion nuclei at 13–200 A GeV | 27 Apr 1984 | 15 Nov 1984 | ?? | 31 Aug 1990 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU2 | — | P. Buford Price | Search for fractionally charged nuclei in high-energy oxygen–lead collisions | 11 May 1984 | 15 Nov 1984 | ?? | 14 Oct 1987 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU3 | — | M. El-Nadi | Interactions of 16O projectile and 32S and their fragments in nuclear emulsions at about 60 and 200 GeV/nucleon | 19 Oct 1984 | 15 Nov 1984 | 1990 | 31 Aug 1990 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU4 | — | T. A. Parnell | Measurement of Coulomb cross section for production of direct electron pairs by high energy ions at the CERN SPS | 15 Oct 1985 | 6 Feb 1986 | ?? | 3 Sep 1987 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU5 | — | Y. Takahashi | Study of extremely short-range particle correlations in high-energy ion collisions | 15 Oct 1985 | 6 Feb 1986 | ?? | 31 Aug 1990 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU6 | — | Alberto Conti | Study of the production mechanisms and decay properties of charmed particles observed in nuclear emulsions coupled to the NA14 spectrometer | 11 Mar 1986 | 5 Jun 1986 | ?? | 8 Nov 1986 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU7 | — | John P. Wefel | Interactions of 60–200 GeV/nucleon 16O and 32S (Pb) nuclei in light and heavy absorbers | 3 Mar 1987 | 3 Jun 1987 | 1987 | 31 Aug 1990 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU8 | — | Piyare L. Jain | Study of particle production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions | 12 Feb 1987 | 3 Sep 1987 | ?? | 14 Oct 1987 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU9 | — | Giorgio Romano | An emulsion hybrid setup for the study of sulphur–nucleus collisions at 200 GeV/nucleon | 3 Jan 1989 | 6 Apr 1989 | 1990 | 31 Aug 1990 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU10 | — | Hidehiko Itoh | Study of event structures of 200 GeV/nucleon 32S interactions with nuclei by the Magnetic Emulsion Spectrometer at the CERN SPS | 10 Jan 1989 | 8 Feb 1990 | 1990 | 31 Aug 1990 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU11 | — | Piyare L. Jain | Study of particle production and nuclear fragmentation in relativistic heavy ion collisions in nuclear emulsion | 6 Feb 1991 | 28 Nov 1991 | 1994 | 11 Dec 1996 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU12 | — | Ingvar Otterlund | Particle production, density fluctuations, and break up of dense nuclear matter in central Pb–Ag and Pb–Pb interactions at 60–100 A GeV | 1 Mar 1991 | 28 Nov 1991 | 1994 | 31 Dec 1996 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU13 | — | Wladyslaw Wolter | Interactions of 160 GeV/nucleon 207Pb nuclei in emulsion chambers with copper and lead targets | 1 Mar 1991 | 28 Nov 1991 | 1994 | 1 Jan 1996 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU14 | — | Dilip Kumar Ghosh | Study of multiplicity and angular characteristics in Pb+A interaction at 200 A GeV/c | 1 Jun 1992 | 30 Jun 1992 | 1994 | 31 Dec 1995 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU15 | — | Konstantin Aleksandrovich Kotelnikov | Investigation of central Pb–Pb interactions at energies of 160 GeV/nucleon with the help of the Emulsion Magnetic Chamber | 27 May 1992 | 17 Jun 1993 | 1994 | 31 Dec 1996 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU16 | — | Y. Takahashi | Isospin correlations in high energy Pb–Pb interactions | 15 Jul 1993 | 25 Nov 1993 | 1994 | 31 Dec 1995 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU17 | — | Wolfgang Heinrich | Fragmentation of Pb projectiles at SPS energies | 30 Sep 1993 | 25 Nov 1993 | ?? | 31 Dec 1994 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU18 | — | Giorgio Giacomelli | Exposures Of CR39 stacks to lead ions at the CERN SPS | 6 Oct 1993 | 25 Nov 1993 | 1994 | 31 Dec 1996 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU19 | — | H. A. Khan | Nuclear fragmentation induced by relativistic projectiles studied in the 4-π configuration of plastic track detectors | 16 Jun 1994 | 22 Sep 1994 | 1995 | 31 Dec 1995 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| EMU20 | — | H. A. Khan | Antiproton induced fission studies with plastic track detectors using 4-π geometry | 23 Mar 1995 | 20 Apr 1995 | 1995 | 6 Nov 1995 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
NA experiments
NA = north area
NA experiments
| Experiment |
Codename |
Spokesperson |
Description |
Proposed |
Approved |
Began |
Completed |
Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NA1 | Lorenzo Foa[4] | Measurement of the photoproduction of vector and scalar bosons | 12 Mar 1975 | 21 Oct 1976 | 17 Jun 1982 | 18 Jun 1984 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA2 | EMC | Terry Sloan | Electromagnetic interactions of muons | 1 Jul 1974 | 12 Mar 1975 | 21 Oct 1976 | 15 Aug 1985 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| NA3 | Aldo Michelini[5] | Direct photon production in hadron–hadron collisions at the SPS | 2 Oct 1974 | 29 Mar 1984 | 29 Mar 1984 | 3 Sep 1984 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA4 | Rudiger Voss | Inclusive deep inelastic muon scattering | 7 May 1975 | 12 May 1977 | 15 Feb 1979 | 16 Aug 1985 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA5 | Peter Seyboth | A study of hard hadron–hadron collisions with a streamer chamber vertex spectrometer and a calorimeter trigger | 7 Jan 1975 | 4 Jun 1976 | 22 Sep 1977 | 23 Jan 1980 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA6 | Kay Runge | Neutron elastic scattering at very small angles | 14 Sep 1976 | 20 Jan 1977 | ?? | 6 Apr 1980 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA7 | S. G. F. Frank | Measurement of the electromagnetic from-factors of π and K mesons at the SPS | 1 Apr 1977 | 22 Sep 1977 | ?? | 1 Jun 1982 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA8 | Per Grafstrom | Hadron elastic scattering at small angles | 26 Sep 1977 | 8 Dec 1977 | ?? | 5 May 1980 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA9 | Terry Sloan | Study of final states in deep inelastic muon scattering | 15 Nov 1977 | 16 Feb 1978 | 23 Mar 1979 | 20 Dec 1983 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA10 | Louis Kluberg | High-resolution study of the inclusive production of massive muon pairs by intense pion beams | 17 Nov 1977 | 16 Mar 1978 | 22 Mar 1980 | 15 Aug 1985 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA11 | Robert Klanner | Measurement of charmed particle production in hadronic reactions | 3 Feb 1978 | 25 May 1978 | ?? | Dec 1982 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA12 | Yu. D. Prokoshkin | Study of π−–p interactions with neutral final states | 17 Aug 1978 | 16 Nov 1978 | ?? | 18 Jun 1984 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA12/2 | Yu. D. Prokoshkin, Jean-Pierre Stroot | Search for mesons and glueballs decaying into multiphoton final states produced in central hadron collisions and study of inclusive production of heavy quark mesons | 22 Aug 1985 | 6 Feb 1986 | Oct 1986 | Nov 1993 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA13 | C. M. Fisher | Search for direct evidence for charm in hadronic interactions using a high-resolution bubble chamber | 14 Sep 1978 | 16 Nov 1978 | ?? | 9 Jul 1979 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA14 | Daniel Treille | Photoproduction at high energy and high intensity | 10 Jun 1978 | 14 Dec 1978 | 13 Dec 1979 | 3 Sep 1984 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA14/2 | Robert Barate | A program of heavy flavor photoproduction | 21 Oct 1982 | 25 Apr 1983 | ?? | 8 Nov 1986 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA15 | Som Nath Ganguli, P. K. Malhotra | Search for charmed hadron production in π−–nucleus interactions in nuclear emulsion | 19 Apr 1979 | 14 Jun 1979 | ?? | 3 Aug 1979 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA16 | David Crennell, Wade Cameron Fisher | Study of the hadronic production and properties of new particles with a lifetime 10−13 s < τ < 10−10 s using LEBC-EHS | 15 Aug 1979 | 20 Sep 1979 | ?? | 16 Jun 1980 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA17 | E. Villar | Momentum and angular correlations study in π− nuclei jets at high energies using an emulsion telescope technique with magnetic field | 11 Sep 1979 | 20 Sep 1979 | ?? | 13 Sep 1982 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA18 | E. Hugentobler | Search for short-lived particles produced on nuclei with a heavy liquid mini bubble chamber | 24 Aug 1979 | 15 Nov 1979 | ?? | 22 Feb 1980 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA19 | Paul Musset | Direct observation of beauty particles selected by muonic decay in emulsion | 3 Nov 1979 | 15 Nov 1979 | ?? | 1 Apr 1980 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA20 | Horst Wachsmuth | Measurements of π+, π−, K+, K−, p, and p yields in 400 GeV proton beryllium and copper collisions | 11 Oct 1979 | 15 Nov 1979 | ?? | Dec 1983 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA22 | EHS | Ernst Wolfram Kittel | European hybrid spectrometer | 10 Jun 1980 | 16 Oct 1980 | ?? | 14 Aug 1983 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| NA23 | Paul Porth | Study of diffractive dissociation especially into strange and charmed particles with EHS | 10 Jun 1980 | 16 Oct 1980 | ?? | 1 Aug 1982 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA24 | Klaus P. Pretzl | Deep inelastic scattering process involving large-PT direct photon in the final state | 29 Aug 1980 | 27 Nov 1980 | ?? | 15 Aug 1985 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA25 | Stefaan Tavernier | Study of charm and bottom particle production using a holographic bubble chamber | 11 Nov 1980 | 23 Apr 1981 | ?? | 13 Sep 1982 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA26 | Colin Fisher | A prototype experiment to study charmed particle production and decay using a holographic high-resolution hydrogen chamber (HOLEBC) and the European Hybrid Spectrometer | 3 Nov 1980 | 21 May 1981 | ?? | 31 Dec 1982 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA27 | Lucien Montanet | An experiment to measure accurately the lifetimes of the D0, D+, D−, F+, F−, Λc particles and to study their hadronic production and decay properties | 16 Nov 1981 | 9 Dec 1981 | Apr 1982 | 1 Jun 1984 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA28 | Terry Sloan | Study of shadowing and hadron production in high-energy muon scattering using nuclear targets | 15 Jan 1982 | 17 Feb 1982 | ?? | 20 Dec 1983 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA29 | Gianpaolo Bellini, Lorenzo Foa | Study of π−–π0 production via the Primakoff effect on nuclei | 20 Oct 1981 | 17 Feb 1982 | ?? | 31 May 1982 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA30 | Guy von Dardel | Precision determination of the lifetime of the neutral π | 25 Apr 1982 | 17 Jun 1982 | ?? | 1 Jun 1984 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA31 | Heinrich Wahl | Measurement of the ratio η0 0 squared to η± squared |
22 Dec 1981 | 16 Sep 1982 | 19 Nov 1987 | 1 Dec 1989 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA31/2 | Heinrich Wahl | A measurement of the phase difference of η0 0 and η± in CP-violating K0 → 2 π decays |
10 Mar 1986 | 5 Jun 1986 | ?? | 14 Sep 1987 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA32 | Peter Weilhammer | Investigation of charm production in hadronic interactions using high-resolution silicon detectors | 13 Jul 1982 | 18 Nov 1982 | ?? | 20 Aug 1986 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA33 | Joseph Remillieux | An experimental study of single-vertex (e−–e+) pair creation in a crystal | 3 Oct 1983 | 2 Feb 1984 | ?? | 30 Jun 1985 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA34 | William J. Willis | Lepton production | 22 Aug 1983 | 29 Mar 1984 | Apr 1987 | 22 Dec 1989 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA34/2 | Georges W. London | Study of high-energy densities over extended nuclear volumes via nucleus–nucleus collisions at the SPS | 21 May 1984 | 15 Nov 1984 | ?? | 22 May 1988 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA34/3 | Georges W. London | Measurement of low-mass muon pairs in sulphur–nucleus collisions with an optimized HELIOS muon spectrometer | 14 Oct 1988 | 10 Nov 1988 | Jun 1990 | 31 Aug 1990 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA35 | Peter Seyboth | Study of relativistic nuleus–nucleus collisions at the CERN SPS | 26 Jan 1982 | 3 Feb 1983 | 15 Nov 1984 | 10 May 1992 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA36 | Douglas E. Greiner | The production of strange baryons and antibaryons in relativistic ion collisions | 29 Feb 1984 | 15 Nov 1984 | ?? | 30 Aug 1990 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA37 | NMC | Ger Van Middelkoop | Detailed measurements of structure functions from nucleons and nuclei | 27 Feb 1985 | 6 Jun 1985 | May 1986 | 22 Dec 1989 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| NA38 | Louis Kluberg | Study of high-energy nucleus–nucleus interactions with the enlarged NA10 dimuon spectrometer | 11 Mar 1985 | 9 Feb 1989 | 9 Feb 1989 | 10 May 1992 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA39 | G. Shaw | A search for quarks produced in heavy-ion interactions | 20 Feb 1986 | 3 Apr 1986 | ?? | 14 Oct 1987 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA40 | John C. Hill | Electromagnetic dissociation of target nuclei by 16O and 32S projectiles | 25 Feb 1986 | 3 Apr 1986 | ?? | 14 Oct 1987 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA41 | C. Ngo | Search for nuclei in heavy-ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies | 11 Feb 1986 | 5 Jun 1986 | ?? | 14 Oct 1987 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA42 | Joseph Remillieux | Study of unexplained hard photon production by electrons channeled in a crystal | 7 Jul 1986 | 30 Oct 1986 | ?? | 19 May 1988 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA43 | Erik Uggerhoj | Investigations of the energy and angular dependence of ultra-short radiation lengths in Si, Ge, and W single crystals | 3 Sep 1987 | 11 Feb 1988 | 1989 | 13 Sep 1991 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA43/2 | Erik Uggerhoj | Investigations of the coherent hard photon yields from 50–300 GeV/c electrons/positrons in strong crystalline fields of diamond, Si, and Ge crystals | 1991 | 7 Feb 1991 | 1991 | 20 Apr 1996 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA44 | Hans Boggild | A focusing spectrometer for one and two particles | 17 Oct 1988 | 9 Feb 1989 | 1990 | 31 Dec 1996 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA45 | Itzhak Tserruya | Study of low-mass electron pair production in hadron and nuclear collisions at the CERN SPS | Jun 1988 | 9 Feb 1989 | 1991 | 20 Apr 1995 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA45/2 | Itzhak Tserruya | Study of low-mass electron pair and photon production in Pb–Pb collisions | 22 Jan 1994 | 20 Apr 1995 | Nov 1995 | 1 Nov 2000 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA46 | Michel A. Chevallier | Darmstadton hunting in the interaction gamma-crystal | 19 Oct 1988 | 6 Apr 1989 | 1992 | 31 Jul 1991 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA47 | SMC | Vernon W. Hughes | Measurement of the spin-dependent structure functions of the neutron and proton | 20 Apr 1988 | 6 Apr 1989 | Aug 1991 | 30 Sep 1996 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| NA48 | Augusto Ceccucci [note 1] |
A precision measurement of ε′/ε in CP-violating K0 → 2 π decays | 20 Jul 1990 | 28 Nov 1991 | 1997 | 17 Oct 2001 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA48/1 | Augusto Ceccucci | A high-sensitivity investigation of KS and neutral hyperon decays | 12 Oct 1999 | 23 Nov 2000 | 19 Jun 2002 | 18 Sep 2002 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA48/2 | Vladimir Kekelidze | Precision measurement of charged kaon decay parameters with an extended NA48 setup | 14 Dec 1999 | 23 Nov 2000 | 19 May 2003 | 17 Aug 2004 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA49 | Peter Seyboth | Large-acceptance hadron detector for an investigation of Pb-induced reactions at the CERN SPS | 4 Jul 1989 | 18 Sep 1991 | ?? | 23 Sep 2013 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA50 | Louis Kluberg | Study of muon pairs and vector mesons produced in high-energy Pb–Pb interactions | 6 Nov 1991 | 6 Feb 1992 | Nov 1994 | 18 Oct 2001 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA51 | Louis Kluberg | Drell–Yan study of sea isospin symmetry | 16 Mar 1992 | 16 Apr 1992 | Jun 1992 | 17 Jul 1992 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA52 | Klaus P. Pretzl | Strangelet and particle search in Pb–Pb collisions | Mar 1992 | 30 Jun 1992 | Nov 1994 | 30 Nov 1998 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA53 | John C. Hill | Electromagnetic dissociation of target nuclei by 208Pb projectiles | 27 Jan 1993 | 15 Apr 1993 | ?? | 23 Nov 1999 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA54 | Bernhard Heisinger, Eric Nolte | Determination of cross-sections of fast muon induced reactions to cosmogenic radionuclides | Jan 1995 | 20 Apr 1995 | ?? | 9 Nov 1997 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA55 | Nicholas Mascarenhas | Investigation of fast neutron production by 100–250 GeV muon interaction on thin targets | 18 May 1995 | 8 Feb 1996 | Apr 1996 | June 1996 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA56 | Stefano Ragazzi | Measurement of pion and kaon fluxes below 60 GeV/c produced by 45 GeV/c protons on a beryllium target | 8 Jan 1996 | 8 Feb 1996 | 1996 | 31 May 2006 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA57 | Federico Antinori | Study of strange and multistrange particles in ultra-relativistic nucleus–nucleus collisions | 20 Aug 1996 | 3 Oct 1996 | 25 Sep 2000 | 11 Sep 2001 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA58 | COMPASS | Oleg Denisov, Gerhard Mallot [note 2] |
Common muon and proton apparatus for structure and spectroscopy | 1 Mar 1996 | 6 Feb 1997 | 12 Feb 2002 | Running | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| NA59 | Erik Uggerhoj | A crystal as a quarter-wave plate for photons | 13 Jul 1998 | 14 Oct 1998 | ?? | 20 Jun 2000 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA60 | Gianluca Usai | Study of prompt dimuon and charm production with proton and heavy ion beams at the CERN SPS | 7 Mar 2000 | 15 Jun 2000 | Oct 2001 | 14 Nov 2004 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA61 | SHINE | Marek Gazdzicki | SPS heavy ion and neutrino experiment | 3 Nov 2006 | 21 Feb 2007 | 18 Apr 2008 | Running | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| NA62 | Augusto Ceccucci | Proposal to measure the rare decay K+ → π++ν+ν at the CERN SPS. (Formerly designated NA48/3.) | 12 Dec 2005 | 21 Feb 2007 | 22 Jun 2015 | Running | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA63 | Ulrik Uggerhoj | Electromagnetic processes in strong crystalline fields | 16 Jun 2006 | 21 Feb 2007 | 4 Jul 2007 | Running | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA64 | Sergei Gninenko | Search for dark sectors in missing energy events | 17 Dec 2013 | 9 Mar 2016 | ?? | Preparation | INSPIRE Grey Book |
|
| NA65 | DsTau | Akitaka Ariga | Study of tau neutrino production | 29 Aug 2017 | 12 Jun 2019 | Preparation | INSPIRE Grey Book |
Other people were also the spokesperson of the NA48 experiment over the years. The&action_search=Search&of=hd INSPIRE database entry is listed.
Since 2015. Over the years also other people were spokespersons of the NA58 / COMPASS experiment.
UA experiments
UA = underground area
UA experiments
| Experiment |
Codename |
Spokesperson |
Description |
Proposed |
Approved |
Began |
Completed |
Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UA1 | — | Alan Norton | A 4-π solid angle detector for the SPS used as a proton–antiproton collider at c.m. energy of 630 GeV | 30 Jan 1978 | 29 Jun 1978 | 17 Jul 1981 | Feb 1990 | INSPIRE Grey Book CERN |
| UA2 | — | Luigi Di Lella Pierre Darriulat | Study of antiproton–proton interaction at 630 GeV c.m. energy | 31 Jan 1978 | 14 Dec 1978 | Nov 1981 | 21 Dec 1990 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| UA3 | — | Paul Musset | Search for magnetic monopoles at the antiproton–proton colliding ring | 2 Feb 1978 | 14 Dec 1978 | 1981 | Dec 1983 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| UA4 | — | Giorgio Matthiae | Measurement of elastic scattering in the Coulomb interference region at the CERN antiproton–proton collider | 6 Oct 1978 | 18 Jan 1979 | 1981 | 18 Jun 1985 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| UA4/2 | — | Maurice Haguenauer | A precise measurement of the real part of the elastic scattering amplitude at the SppS | 8 Feb 1990 | 6 July 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| UA5 | — | John Gordon Rushbrooke | Investigation of proton–antiproton events at 540 GeV c.m. energy with a streamer chamber detection system | 29 May 1978 | 15 Feb 1979 | Oct 1981 | 21 Sep 1982 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| UA5/2 | — | John Gordon Rushbrooke | An exploratory investigation of antiproton–proton interactions at 800–900 c.m. energy at the SPS collider | 15 Oct 1982 | 3 Feb 1983 | ?? | 4 Apr 1985 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| UA6 | — | Leslie Loris Camilleri | An internal hydrogen jet target in the SPS to study inclusive electromagnetic final states at large transverse momentum in p–p and p–p interactions at √s = 24.3 GeV | 19 Aug 1980 | 23 Apr 1981 | 1985 | 21 Dec 1990 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| UA7 | — | Yasushi Muraki | Measurement by silicon shower detectors of the invariant cross section of photons and π0s emitted close to zero degrees | 18 Jan 1985 | 18 Apr 1985 | 1985 | 1 May 1986 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| UA8 | — | Peter E. Schlein | Study of jet structure in p–p events tagged with large-X proton | 26 Oct 1984 | 18 Apr 1985 | Oct 1985 | 26 Jun 1989 | INSPIRE Grey Book |
| UA9 | — | Walter Scandale | Investigates the use of bent silicon crystals as primary collimators to direct the beam halo onto the secondary absorber reducing outscattering, beam losses and radiation load. | 16 Apr 2008 | 3 Sep 2008 | May 2009 | Running | INSPIRE Grey Book |
WA experiments
WA = west area
WA experiments
| Experiment |
Codename |
Spokesperson |
Description |
Proposed |
Approved |
Began |
Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WA1 | CDHS | Jack Steinberger | High-energy neutrino interactions | 27 Jul 1973 | 17 Apr 1974 | Dec 1976 | 22 Dec 1983 |
| WA1/2 | Friedrich Dydak | Measurement of sin2(θW) in semileptonic neutrino Fe interactions with high precision | 1983 | 15 Sep 1983 | ?? | 30 Aug 1984 | |
| WA2 | Jeam-Marc Gaillard | Leptonic decays of hyperons | 13 Nov 1973 | 12 Jun 1974 | ?? | 4 Dec 1978 | |
| WA3 | Peter Weilhammer | Exclusive π–p and K–p interactions | 8 Feb 1974 | 12 Jun 1974 | 12 May 1977 | 11 Sep 1978 | |
| WA4 | F. Richard | Photoproduction of hadrons | Apr 1974 | 12 Jun 1974 | 15 Apr 1976 | 1 May 1978 | |
| WA5 | P. Borgeaud | Backward two-body reactions | 24 Jan 1974 | 17 Jul 1974 | - | 19 Feb 1976 | |
| WA6 | Giuseppe Fidecaro | Polarization in p–p and π–p elastic scattering | Feb 1974 | 4 Sep 1974 | 1977 | 21 Apr 1980 | |
| WA7 | V. Gracco | Two-body reactions at large transverse momentum | 6 Mar 1974 | 21 Oct 1976 | 18 Jan 1979 | 10 May 1982 | |
| WA9 | Tord J. C. Ekelof | High precision study of elastic scattering in the Coulomb interference region | 4 Oct 1974 | 22 Jan 1975 | ?? | 5 Dec 1977 | |
| WA10 | M. Martin | Study of K± p → K0 S π± p and reactions of similar topology with high statistics |
7 Mar 1974 | 12 Mar 1975 | ?? | 6 Nov 1978 | |
| WA11 | M. David | Search for high mass states produced with the Ψ(3.1). (Formerly designated WA5) | 14 Jan 1976 | 19 Feb 1976 | 21 Oct 1976 | 16 Jun 1980 | |
| WA12 | Jayce D. Dowell | Beam dump experiment in OMEGA | 20 Feb 1976 | 24 Jun 1976 | 7 Jan 1976 | 20 Feb 1977 | |
| WA13 | Peter Sonderegger | p+p → Λ+Λ at large p-transverse in OMEGA | 23 Mar 1976 | 8 Jul 1976 | ?? | 10 Jul 1978 | |
| WA14 | Antonino Pullia | A wide band beam neutrino experiment with Gargamelle | 6 Nov 1975 | 8 Jul 1976 | ?? | 10 Jul 1978 | |
| WA15 | M. Paty | A wide-band beam antineutron experiment in Gargamelle to study purely leptonic and other rare ν interactions | 12 Nov 1975 | 8 Jul 1976 | 1978 | 18 Apr 1979 | |
| WA16 | Bernard Aubert | An exploratory experiment at very high neutrino energy in a narrow-band beam with Gargamelle | 5 Nov 1975 | 8 Jul 1976 | ?? | 11 Sep 1978 | |
| WA17 | Marcello Conversi | Search for new particles in neutrino interactions in an emulsion stack coupled to BEBC | 30 Apr 1976 | 8 Jul 1976 | ?? | 5 Dec 1977 | |
| WA18 | Klaus Winter | Study of semileptonic and leptonic neutral-current processes and of muon polarization produced in neutrino and antineutrino interactions using counter techniques | 27 Oct 1975 | 8 Jul 1976 | ?? | 1 Dec 1983 | |
| WA18/2 | Klaus Winter | High precision measurement of the ratio of neutral-current and charged-current neutrino cross sections and of total and differential cross sections of neutral current reactions | 16 Jan 1984 | 2 Feb 1984 | ?? | 3 Sep 1984 | |
| WA19 | D. C. Cundy | A study of high energy neutrino interactions using BEBC filled with a Ne–2H mixture | 21 Aug 1974 | 26 Aug 1976 | ?? | 15 Jul 1977 | |
| WA20 | Gerald Myatt | Beam dump test in BEBC filled with neon | 27 Oct 1975 | 26 Aug 1976 | ?? | 19 Dec 1977 | |
| WA21 | Gerald Myatt | High energy neutrino and antineutrino interactions in BEBC filled with 2H | 7 Nov 1974 | 26 Aug 1976 | ?? | Dec 1983 | |
| WA22 | Ian Butterworth | An experiment in BEBC to compare neutral and charged current neutrino interactions induced by νπ and νK at the same energy | 8 Jun 1976 | 26 Aug 1976 | ?? | 29 Jun 1978 | |
| WA23 | Philippe Heusse | Study of neutral current interactions using Gargamelle exposed to the dichromatic beam N3 | 4 Nov 1975 | 26 Aug 1976 | - | 19 Apr 1979 | |
| WA24 | Wilbur Venus | High-energy neutrino and antineutrino interactions using a hydrogen TST in BEBC and a wide band beam | 20 Nov 1974 | 26 Aug 1976 | ?? | 10 Jul 1978 | |
| WA25 | A. Tenner | Neutrino and antineutrino interactions in deuterium | 13 Jun 1974 | 26 Aug 1976 | ?? | 1 Dec 1983 | |
| WA26 | Roland Barloutaud | K−–p interactions in BEBC at 70 GeV/c | 7 Jan 1975 | 26 Aug 1976 | ?? | 10 Jul 1978 | |
| WA27 | Remy T. van de Walle | K+–p interactions in BEBC at 70 GeV/c | 23 Feb 1976 | 26 Aug 1976 | ?? | 21 Apr 1980 | |
| WA28 | Franz Mandl | K−–p interactions in BEBC at 110 GeV/c | 19 Dec 1975 | 28 Aug 1976 | 1977 | 26 Mar 1979 | |
| WA29 | J. R. Fry | Antiproton annihilation at 20 GeV/c using the OMEGA spectrometer | 29 Mar 1976 | 26 Aug 1976 | ?? | 11 Sep 1977 | |
| WA30 | George Kalmus | Direct electron production induced by 70 GeV/c π− interactions using a hydrogen TST in BEBC | 16 Feb 1976 | 21 Oct 1976 | ?? | 10 Jul 1978 | |
| WA31 | Jacques Lemonne | The study of prompt lepton production in antiproton–proton interactions at 70 GeV/c in BEBC equipped with a track sensitive target | 20 Feb 1976 | 21 Oct 1976 | ?? | 10 Jul 1978 | |
| WA32 | Trevor C. Bacon | Direct photon production in p–p collisions using BEBC with Ne–2H filling | 1 Jun 1976 | 21 Oct 1976 | ?? | 29 Mar 1977 | |
| WA33 | A. Muller | Systematic search for long-lived heavy particles in the S1 beam | 29 Jun 1976 | 25 Nov 1976 | ?? | 10 May 1979 | |
| WA34 | Giordano Diambrini-Palazzi | Study of charmed particles photoproduced in emulsion plates tagged by the OMEGA apparatus triggers | 11 Nov 1976 | 20 Jan 1977 | ?? | 1 May 1977 | |
| WA35 | M. A. Faessler | Measurement of the correlations between emitted protons and pions in hadron–nucleus collisions for 50 to 150 GeV/c incoming momenta | 10 Mar 1977 | 10 Mar 1977 | 15 Feb 1979 | 17 Dec 1979 | |
| WA36 | Gerard Bonneaud | Exploratory experiment at very high energy using antineutrinos in Gargamelle | 24 Nov 1976 | 10 Mar 1977 | - | 19 Apr 1979 | |
| WA37 | Ian Simpson Hughes | Study of antiproton–proton interaction in the 4.1 GeV c.m. energy region in the OMEGA: Search for narrow charged peaks in K+ π+ π− π− or K+ π+ π− π− π− π− systems | 24 Feb 1976 | 26 Aug 1976 | ?? | 22 Sep 1977 | |
| WA38 | V. P. Martemianov | Magnetic monopole search at the SPS | 19 Apr 1977 | 16 Jun 1977 | ?? | 1 Dec 1983 | |
| WA39 | Jayce D. Dowell | Continuation of the study of di-muon production by π±, K±, p, and p at 40 GeV/c | 14 Apr 1977 | 18 Aug 1977 | 1978 | 23 Oct 1978 | |
| WA40 | B. R. French | Search for narrow boson resonances coupled to the nucleon–antinucleon system | 17 Aug 1977 | 22 Sep 1977 | ?? | 14 Nov 1977 | |
| WA41 | Jack Steinberger | Beam dump run to check origin of trimuon and exceptional dimuon events | 21 Oct 1977 | 17 Nov 1977 | 1977 | 19 Dec 1977 | |
| WA42 | Pierre Extermann | An experiment on the strong interactions and radiative decays of hyperons | 29 Mar 1977 | 17 Nov 1977 | 1979 | 1 Jun 1982 | |
| WA43 | Paul Musset | Beam dump in Gargamelle | 3 Nov 1977 | 17 Nov 1977 | ?? | 19 Dec 1977 | |
| WA44 | A. Zichichi | Search for quarks in high-energy neutrino interactions | 17 Aug 1977 | 17 Aug 1977 | 8 Dec 1977 | 1 Dec 1983 | |
| WA45 | Giordano Diambrini-Palazzi | Charmed particle photoproduction in emulsion plates | 16 Nov 1977 | 8 Dec 1977 | ?? | 1 May 1978 | |
| WA46 | Roger Strub | Study of Ω− decays and of the Σ− → N e− νe decay mode | 3 Feb 1978 | 16 Mar 1978 | 1978 | 28 May 1979 | |
| WA47 | B. Tallini | Continuation of the study of neutrino interactions with dichromatic beams at the SPS, using BEBC filled with neon | 16 Feb 1978 | 29 Jun 1978 | 1978 | 11 Feb 1980 | |
| WA48 | R. M. Turnbull | Study of baryonium states in K+–p interactions using the OMEGA spectrometer | 8 May 1978 | 29 Jun 1978 | ?? | 27 Nov 1978 | |
| WA49 | R. A. Donald | Study of p–p interactions involving baryon exchange using the OMEGA spectrometer | 20 Apr 1978 | 29 Jun 1978 | ?? | 31 Oct 1979 | |
| WA50 | Massimo Bianchi | Biological effects of 200 GeV/c protons: An exploratory investigation | 6 Mar 1978 | 18 Oct 1978 | 1978 | 16 Nov 1978 | |
| WA51 | Henry J. Lubatti | Study of π± interactions in BEBC at 25 GeV/c and 60 GeV/c | 5 Oct 1978 | 16 Nov 1978 | 1978 | 9 May 1979 | |
| WA52 | Gerald Myatt | A second generation beam dump experiment in BEBC | 17 May 1978 | 14 Dec 1978 | ?? | 28 May 1979 | |
| WA53 | Giovanni Conforto | A second generation beam dump experiment in Gargamelle | 22 May 1978 | 16 Nov 1978 | - | 19 Apr 1979 | |
| WA54 | Jack Steinberger | Beam dump experiment with 400 GeV protons | 27 Jun 1978 | 16 Nov 1978 | ?? | 28 May 1979 | |
| WA55 | Alain de Bellefon | Test of OMEGA Prime accuracy and K+–p elastic Scattering at 12 GeV/c around 90° c.m. | 13 Oct 1978 | 14 Dec 1978 | ?? | 28 May 1979 | |
| WA56 | A. Ferrer | Study of N–N states produced via baryon exchange in π+–p interactions using the OMEGA Prime spectrometer | 12 Oct 1978 | 14 Dec 1978 | ?? | 1 Apr 1980 | |
| WA57 | D. Newton | Studies of high mass vector meson photoproduction in the energy range 20 to 70 GeV | 6 Apr 1978 | 15 Feb 1979 | ?? | 17 Dec 1979 | |
| WA58 | Giordano Diambrini-Palazzi | Measurement of the lifetime of charmed particles in nuclear emulsion exposed to an 80 GeV bremsstrahlung beam in conjunction with the OMEGA Prime spectrometer | Nov 1978 | 23 Mar 1979 | ?? | 28 Jan 1980 | |
| WA59 | Wilbur Venus | Measurement of nucleon structure functions in horn-focused neutrino and antineutrino beams in BEBC filled with neon | 23 Dec 1978 | 19 Apr 1979 | ?? | 19 May 1980 | |
| WA60 | Luciano Mandelli | Study of strangeonium and baryonium produced in K−–p interactions using the OMEGA Prime spectrometer | 14 Feb 1979 | 19 Apr 1979 | ?? | 30 Aug 1979 | |
| WA61 | O. E. Badawy | Inelastic interactions of high energy hadrons (p, K+, K−, π−) with emulsion nuclei | 3 Jul 1979 | 19 Jul 1979 | ?? | 3 Aug 1979 | |
| WA62 | K. P. Streit | Search for charmed strange baryons | 10 Sep 1979 | 13 Dec 1979 | ?? | 16 Jun 1980 | |
| WA63 | A. Muller | Inclusive baryon–antibaryon production in the central region using the OMEGA spectrometer | 13 Nov 1979 | 24 Jan 1980 | ?? | 2 Jun 1980 | |
| WA64 | Erik Uggerhoj | Channelling radiation in a silicon crystal | 1 Apr 1980 | 22 May 1980 | ?? | 7 Jun 1981 | |
| WA65 | Klaus Winter | Further studies of prompt neutrino production in 400 GeV proton–nucleus collisions | 25 Apr 1980 | 22 May 1980 | ?? | 13 Sep 1982 | |
| WA66 | Per Olof Hulth | Further study of prompt neutrino production in proton–nucleus collisions using BEBC | 30 Apr 1980 | 22 May 1980 | ?? | 13 Sep 1982 | |
| WA67 | John Neil Jackson | Study of π−–p interactions at 85 GeV/c leading to K+ K+ K− K− in the final state – Search for new states | 16 Nov 1979 | 11 Dec 1980 | ?? | 4 Nov 1981 | |
| WA68 | Jack Steinberger | Further study of prompt neutrino production in a proton beam dump experiment | 25 Aug 1980 | 19 Mar 1981 | ?? | 13 Sep 1982 | |
| WA69 | Ewald Paul | Photoproduction in the energy range 70–200 GeV | 17 Mar 1980 | 23 Apr 1981 | 6 Jun 1985 | 25 Jul 1986 | |
| WA70 | M. Martin | Study of direct photon events in hadronic collisions | 6 Aug 1980 | 22 Oct 1981 | ?? | 8 Nov 1986 | |
| WA71 | Giordano Diambrini-Palazzi | An experiment to study beauty production and lifetime in the upgraded OMEGA Prime spectrometer | 20 Feb 1981 | 22 Oct 1981 | ?? | 3 Sep 1984 | |
| WA72 | M. Szeptycka | A study of fast proton production in π±–nucleus interactions using the OMEGA spectrometer | 10 Jun 1981 | 22 Oct 1981 | ?? | 22 Mar 1982 | |
| WA73 | Jean Duboc | A pedagogical experiment using bubble chamber pictures | 15 Sep 1981 | 22 Oct 1981 | ?? | 27 Oct 1981 | |
| WA74 | Jose Mariano P. Gago | Antiproton–proton glory scattering | 8 Dec 1981 | 17 Feb 1982 | ?? | 2 May 1982 | |
| WA75 | Giorgio Romano | An experiment to observe directly beauty particles selected by muonic decay in emulsion and to estimate their lifetimes | 16 Sep 1981 | 22 Apr 1982 | ?? | 18 Jun 1984 | |
| WA76 | Antimo Palano | Study of the mesons produced centrally in the reaction p p → p X0 at 300 GeV/c | 18 Jan 1982 | 22 Apr 1982 | 15 Nov 1984 | 8 Nov 1986 | |
| WA77 | Maurice Benayoun | Search for direct production of gluonium states in high PT π−–N collisions at 350 GeV/c | 13 Sep 1982 | 18 Nov 1982 | ?? | 31 Jul 1987 | |
| WA78 | Pio Pistilli | Search for the hadroproduction of B–B pairs | 11 Feb 1983 | 16 Jun 1983 | ?? | 16 Aug 1985 | |
| WA79 | Klaus Winter | Study of neutrino–electron scattering at the SPS | 28 Apr 1983 | 16 Jun 1983 | Aug 1986 | 12 Aug 1991 | |
| WA80 | Rainer Santo | Study of relativistic nucleus–nucleus collisions at the CERN SPS | 1982 | 15 Nov 1984 | 15 Nov 1984 | 12 Aug 1991 | |
| WA81 | Erik Uggerhoj | Measurements of pair production under channelling conditions by 70–180 GeV photons incident on single crystals | 28 Nov 1983 | 15 Nov 1984 | ?? | 30 Jun 1986 | |
| WA82 | Leonardo Rossi | High statistics study of charm hadroproduction using an impact parameter trigger | 16 Oct 1985 | 6 Feb 1986 | Jul 1987 | 27 Sep 1989 | |
| WA83 | Martha Spyropoulou-Stassinaki | Investigation of soft photon production in hadronic collisions using the OMEGA Prime spectrometer | 14 Oct 1985 | 6 Feb 1986 | ?? | 8 Nov 1986 | |
| WA84 | Giuseppe Martellotti | Study of the production and decay properties of beauty flavored hadrons | 7 Jan 1987 | 2 Apr 1987 | Sep 1989 | 1994 | |
| WA85 | David Evans | Study of high energy nucleus–nucleus interactions using the OMEGA Prime spectrometer equipped with a multiparticle high PT detector | 12 Mar 1987 | 2 Apr 1987 | Oct 1987 | 1 Sep 1991 | |
| WA86 | Giorgio Giacomelli | Exposure of CR39 stacks to oxygen and/or sulphur beams at the CERN SPS | 2 Mar 1987 | 3 Jun 1987 | 1989 | 1 Sep 1991 | |
| WA87 | Wolfgang Heinrich | Investigation of nuclear fragmentation in relativistic heavy ion collisions using plastic nuclear track detectors | 3 Mar 1987 | 2 Apr 1987 | Oct 1987 | 1 Sep 1991 | |
| WA88 | James L. Pinfold | Test of bubble damage detectors in a heavy ion beam from the SPS | 8 May 1987 | 3 Jun 1987 | Oct 1987 | 14 Oct 1987 | |
| WA89 | Josef Pochodzalla | New hyperon beam experiment at the CERN SPS using the OMEGA facility | 27 Aug 1987 | 11 Feb 1988 | 1990 | 30 Sep 1994 | |
| WA90 | Sheldon Datz | Measurements of pair production and electron capture from the continuum in heavy particle collisions | 1 Jun 1989 | 5 Apr 1990 | ?? | Oct 1991 | |
| WA91 | Andy Kirk | Search for centrally produced non-quark–antiquark mesons in p–p interactions at 450 GeV/c by using the CERN OMEGA spectrometer | 15 Jan 1990 | 5 Apr 1990 | Jun 1991 | 8 Jun 1994 | |
| WA92 | Leonardo Rossi | Measurement of beauty particle lifetimes and hadroproduction cross-sections | 12 Mar 1990 | 6 Jul 1990 | Jun 1992 | 13 Sep 1993 | |
| WA93 | Hans H. Gutbrod | A light universal detector for the study of correlations between photons and charged particles | May 1990 | 22 Nov 1990 | ?? | 10 May 1992 | |
| WA94 | John B. Kinson | Study of baryon and antibaryon spectra in sulphur–sulphur interactions at 200 GeV/c per nucleon | 14 Jan 1991 | 4 Apr 1991 | Oct 1991 | Nov 1993 | |
| WA95 | Jacob Panman | A new search for νμ–ντ oscillations | 15 Dec 1990 | 18 Sep 1991 | 5 May 1994 | 10 Nov 1997 | |
| WA96 | Luigi Di Lella | Search for the oscillation νμ → ντ | 11 Mar 1991 | 18 Sep 1991 | Apr 1994 | 20 Sep 1998 | |
| WA97 | Emanuele Quercigh | Study of baryon and antibaryon spectra in Pb–Pb interactions at 160 GeV/c per nucleon | 20 May 1991 | 18 Sep 1991 | 1994 | 31 Dec 1996 | |
| WA98 | Terry C. Awes | Large acceptance measurement of photons and charged particles in heavy ion reactions | May 1991 | 16 Apr 1992 | 1994 | 31 Dec 1996 | |
| WA99 | Sheldon Datz | Measurements of pair production and electron capture from the continuum in heavy particle collisions | 3 Dec 1992 | 15 Apr 1993 | ?? | 20 Apr 1995 | |
| WA99/2 | Sheldon Datz | Charge changing collisions, energy loss, and EM nuclear reactions of 160 GeV A 208Pb | ?? | 20 Apr 1995 | 1995 | 25 Oct 1996 | |
| WA100 | Denis O'Sullivan | Exposure of plastic track detectors to relativistic Pb beam for the purpose of providing calibration for the Dublin ESTEC Ultra Heavy Cosmic Ray Experiment which was exposed
for 69 months in Earth orbit |
30 Jun 1993 | 25 Nov 1993 | ?? | 31 Dec 1995 | |
| WA101 | Yudong He | Study of various processes with a 160 GeV/c per nucleon Pb beam | 30 Jul 1993 | 25 Nov 1993 | ?? | 31 Dec 1996 | |
| WA102 | Andrew Kirk | ASearch for centrally produced non-quark–antiquark mesons in p–p interactions at 450 GeV/c using the OMEGA spectrometer and GAMS-4000 | 15 Aug 1994 | 22 Sep 1994 | Apr 1995 | 31 Aug 1996 | |
| WA103 | Robert Chehab | Experimental study of a positron source using channeling | Oct 1998 | 9 Dec 1999 | ?? | 20 Jul 2001 |
See also
Experiments
List of Large Hadron Collider experiments
Facilities
CERN: European Organization for Nuclear Research
PS: Proton Synchrotron
SPS: Super Proton Synchrotron
ISOLDE: On-Line Isotope Mass Separator
ISR: Intersecting Storage Rings
LEP: Large Electron–Positron Collider
LHC: Large Hadron Collider
References
"1976: The SPS is commissioned". CERN. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
"Achievements with antimatter". CERN Courier. November 1983. Archived from the original on 2006-02-20. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984". The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
"Lorenzo Foà (1937 - 2014)". CERN Bulletin. 2014.
"Aldo Michelini (1930–2020)". CERN. Retrieved 2020-04-17.
INSPIRE team. "INSPIRE database". Retrieved 2009-09-15.
GS-AIF-FPF. "Grey Book". CERN. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
Hellenica World - Scientific Library
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
