In mathematics, the partition topology is a topology that can be induced on any set X by partitioning X into disjoint subsets P; these subsets form the basis for the topology. There are two important examples which have their own names:
The odd–even topology is the topology where \( {\displaystyle X=\mathbb {N} } \) and \( {\displaystyle P={\left\{\{2k-1,2k\},k\in \mathbb {N} \right\}}.} \)
The deleted integer topology is defined by letting \( {\displaystyle X={\begin{matrix}\bigcup _{n\in \mathbb {N} }(n-1,n)\subset \mathbb {R} \end{matrix}}} \) and \( {\displaystyle P={\left\{(0,1),(1,2),(2,3),\dots \right\}}}. \)
The trivial partitions yield the discrete topology (each point of X is a set in P) or indiscrete topology ( P\( {\displaystyle P=\{X\}} \) ).
Any set X with a partition topology generated by a partition P can be viewed as a pseudometric space with a pseudometric given by:
\( {\displaystyle d(x,y)={\begin{cases}0&{\text{if }}x{\text{ and }}y{\text{ are in the same partition element}}\\1&{\text{otherwise}},\end{cases}}} \)
This is not a metric unless P yields the discrete topology.
The partition topology provides an important example of the independence of various separation axioms. Unless P is trivial, at least one set in P contains more than one point, and the elements of this set are topologically indistinguishable: the topology does not separate points. Hence X is not a Kolmogorov space, nor a T1 space, a Hausdorff space or an Urysohn space. In a partition topology the complement of every open set is also open, and therefore a set is open if and only if it is closed. Therefore, X is regular, completely regular, normal and completely normal. X/P is the discrete topology.
References
Steen, Lynn Arthur; Seebach, J. Arthur Jr. (1995) [1978], Counterexamples in Topology (Dover reprint of 1978 ed.), Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-0-486-68735-3, MR 0507446
Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics
Graduate Studies in Mathematics
Hellenica World - Scientific Library
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