In mathematics, Ostrowski numeration, named after Alexander Ostrowski, is either of two related numeration systems based on continued fractions: a non-standard positional numeral system for integers and a non-integer representation of real numbers.
Fix a positive irrational number α with continued fraction expansion [a1,a2,...]. Let (qn) be the sequence of denominators of the convergents pn/qn to α: so qn = anqn−1 + qn−2. Let αn denote Tn(α) where T is the Gauss map T(x) = {1/x}, and write βn = (−1)n+1 α0α1 ... αn: we have βn = anβn−1 + βn−2.
Real number representations
Every positive real x can be written as
\( x = \sum_{n=1}^\infty b_n \beta_n \ \)
where the integer coefficients 0 ≤ bn ≤ an and if bn = an then bn−1 = 0.
Integer representations
Every positive integer N can be written uniquely as
\( N = \sum_{n=1}^k b_n q_n \ \)
where the integer coefficients 0 ≤ bn ≤ an and if bn = an then bn−1 = 0.
If α is the golden ratio, then all the partial quotients an are equal to 1, the denominators qn are the Fibonacci numbers and we recover Zeckendorf's theorem on the Fibonacci representation of positive integers as a sum of distinct non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers.
See also
Complete sequence
References
Allouche, Jean-Paul; Shallit, Jeffrey (2003). Automatic Sequences: Theory, Applications, Generalizations. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82332-6. Zbl 1086.11015..
Epifanio, C.; Frougny, C.; Gabriele, A.; Mignosi, F.; Shallit, J. (2012). "Sturmian graphs and integer representations over numeration systems". Discrete Appl. Math. 160 (4–5): 536–547. doi:10.1016/j.dam.2011.10.029. ISSN 0166-218X. Zbl 1237.68134.
Ostrowski, Alexander (1921). "Bemerkungen zur Theorie der diophantischen Approximationen". Hamb. Abh. (in German). 1: 77–98. JFM 48.0197.04.
Pytheas Fogg, N. (2002). Berthé, Valérie; Ferenczi, Sébastien; Mauduit, Christian; Siegel, Anne (eds.). Substitutions in dynamics, arithmetics and combinatorics. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. 1794. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-44141-7. Zbl 1014.11015.
Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics
Graduate Studies in Mathematics
Hellenica World - Scientific Library
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