In applied computational mathematics, numerical dispersion is a difficulty with computer simulations of continua (such as fluids) wherein the simulated medium exhibits a higher dispersivity than the true medium. This phenomenon can be particularly egregious when the system should not be dispersive at all, for example a fluid acquiring some spurious dispersion in a numerical model.
It occurs whenever the dispersion relation for the finite difference approximation is nonlinear.[1][2] For these reasons, it is often seen as a numerical error.
Numerical dispersion is often identified, linked and compared with numerical diffusion,[3] another artifact of similar origin.
Explanation
In simulations, time and space are divided into discrete grids and the continuous differential equations of motion (such as the Navier–Stokes equation) are discretized into finite-difference equations;[4] these discrete equations are in general unidentical to the original differential equations, so the simulated system behaves differently than the intended physical system. The amount and character of the difference depends on the system being simulated and the type of discretization that is used.
See also
Numerical diffusion
Von Neumann stability analysis
References
numerical dispersion. Glossary of the American Meteorological Society; page last modified on 26 January 2012, at 19:36.
http://www.mathematik.uni-dortmund.de/~kuzmin/cfdintro/lecture10.pdf
CHAPTER 5: Dissipation, Dispersion, and Group Velocity TREFETHEN
https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~bilbao/booktop/node100.html
Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics
Graduate Studies in Mathematics
Hellenica World - Scientific Library
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