\( \require{mhchem} \)
Alloys by base metal
Aluminium
Main articles: Aluminium and Aluminium alloy
AA-8000: used for electrical building wire in the U.S. per the National Electrical Code, replacing AA-1350.[1]
Al–Li (2.45% lithium): aerospace applications, including the Space Shuttle
Alnico (nickel, cobalt): used for permanent magnets
Aluminium–Scandium (scandium)
Birmabright (magnesium, manganese): used in car bodies, mainly used by Land Rover cars.
Devarda's alloy (45% Al, 50% Cu, 5% Zn): chemical reducing agent.
Duralumin (copper)
Hiduminium or R.R. alloys (2% copper, iron, nickel): used in aircraft pistons
Hydronalium (up to 12% magnesium, 1% manganese): used in shipbuilding, resists seawater corrosion
Italma (3.5% magnesium, 0.3% manganese): formerly used to make coinage of the Italian lira
Magnalium (5-50% magnesium): used in airplane bodies, ladders, pyrotechnics, etc.
Ni-Ti-Al (Titanium 40%, Aluminum 10%), also called Nital
Y alloy (4% copper, nickel, magnesium)
Aluminium also forms complex metallic alloys, like β–Al–Mg, ξ'–Al–Pd–Mn, and T–Al3Mn.
Beryllium
Main article: beryllium
Lockalloy (62% Beryllium, 38% Aluminium) [2]
Bismuth
Main article: Bismuth
Bismanol (manganese); magnetic alloy from the 1950s using powder metallurgy
Cerrosafe (lead, tin, cadmium)
Rose metal (lead, tin)
Wood's metal (lead, tin, cadmium)
Chromium
Main article: Chromium
Chromium hydride (hydrogen)
Nichrome (nickel)
Ferrochrome (iron)
CrNi60WTi, a stainless steel alloy of chromium, nickel, 60 percent tungsten and titanium formed under electro-slag remelting (ESR) or vacuum arc remelting (VAR) conditions
Cobalt
Main article: Cobalt
Elgiloy (cobalt, chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum, manganese, carbon)
Megallium (cobalt, chromium, molybdenum)
Stellite (chromium, tungsten, carbon)
Talonite (tungsten, molybdenum, carbon)
Ultimet (chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum, tungsten) [3]
Vitallium (cobalt, chromium, molybdenum)
Copper
Main articles: Copper and Copper alloys
Arsenical copper (arsenic)
Beryllium copper (0.5-3% Beryllium, 99.5%-97% Copper) [4] (beryllium)
Billon (silver)
Brass (zinc) see also Brass §Brass types for longer list
Calamine brass (zinc)
Chinese silver (zinc)
Dutch metal (zinc)
Gilding metal (zinc)
Muntz metal (zinc)
Pinchbeck (zinc)
Prince's metal (zinc)
Tombac (zinc)
Bronze (tin, aluminium or other element)
Aluminium bronze (aluminium)
Arsenical bronze (arsenic, tin)
Bell metal (tin)
Florentine bronze (aluminium or tin)
Glucydur (beryllium, iron)
Guanín (gold silver)
Gunmetal (tin, zinc)
Phosphor bronze (tin and phosphorus)
Ormolu (zinc)
Silicon bronze (tin, arsenic, silicon)
Speculum metal (tin)
White bronze (tin, zinc)
Constantan (nickel)
Copper hydride (hydrogen)
Copper–tungsten (tungsten)
Corinthian bronze (gold, silver)
Cunife (nickel, iron)
Cupronickel (nickel)
CuAg (silver)
Cymbal alloys (tin)
Devarda's alloy (aluminium, zinc)
Hepatizon (gold, silver)
Manganin (manganese, nickel)
Melchior (nickel); high corrosion resistance, used in marine applications in condenser tubes
Nickel silver (nickel)
Nordic gold (aluminium, zinc, tin)
Shakudo (gold)
Tellurium copper (tellurium)
Tumbaga (gold)
Gallium
Main article: Gallium
Al Ga (aluminium, gallium)
Galfenol (iron)
Galinstan (indium, tin)
Gold
Main article: Gold
See also notes below[note 1]
Colored gold (silver, copper)
Crown gold (silver, copper)
Electrum (silver)
Rhodite (rhodium)
Rose gold (copper)
Tumbaga (copper)
White gold (nickel, palladium)
Indium
Main article: Indium
Field's metal (bismuth, tin)
Iron
Main article: Iron
Most iron alloys are steels, with carbon as a major alloying element.
Main articles: steel, steel grades, and carbon steel
See also: Category:Ferrous alloys
Elinvar (nickel, chromium)
Fernico (nickel, cobalt)
Ferroalloys (Category:Ferroalloys)
Ferroboron
Ferrocerium
Ferrochrome
Ferromagnesium
Ferromanganese
Ferromolybdenum
Ferronickel
Ferrophosphorus
Ferrosilicon
Ferrotitanium
Ferrouranium
Ferrovanadium
Invar (nickel)
Cast iron (carbon)
Pig iron (carbon)
Iron hydride (hydrogen)
Kanthal (20–30% chromium, 4–7.5% aluminium); used in heating elements, including e-cigarettes
Kovar (nickel, cobalt)
Spiegeleisen (manganese, carbon, silicon)
Staballoy (stainless steel) (manganese, chromium, carbon) - see also Uranium below
Steel (carbon) (Category:Steels)
Bulat steel
Chromoly (chromium, molybdenum)
Crucible steel
Damascus steel
Ducol
Hadfield steel
High-speed steel
Mushet steel
HSLA steel
Maraging steel
Reynolds 531
Silicon steel (silicon)
Spring steel
Stainless steel (chromium, nickel)
AL-6XN
Alloy 20
Celestrium
Marine grade stainless
Martensitic stainless steel
Alloy 28 or Sanicro 28 (nickel, chromium)
Surgical stainless steel (chromium, molybdenum, nickel)
Zeron 100 (chromium, nickel, molybdenum)
Tool steel (tungsten or manganese)
Silver steel (US:Drill rod) (manganese, chromium, silicon)
Weathering steel ('Cor-ten') (silicon, manganese, chromium, copper, vanadium, nickel)
Wootz steel
Lead
Main article: Lead
Molybdochalkos (copper)
Solder (tin)
Terne (tin)
Type metal (tin, antimony)
Magnesium
Main article: Magnesium
Elektron
Magnox (0.8% aluminium, 0.004% beryllium); used in nuclear reactors
T-Mg–Al–Zn (Bergman phase) is a complex metallic alloy
Manganese
Main article: Manganese
MN40, used in a foil for brazing
MN70, used in a foil for brazing
Mercury
Main article: Mercury (element)
Amalgam
Ashtadhatu
Nickel
Main article: Nickel
Category: Nickel alloys
Alnico (aluminium, cobalt); used in magnets
Alumel (manganese, aluminium, silicon)
Brightray (20% chromium, iron, rare earths); originally for hard-facing valve seats
Chromel (chromium)
Cupronickel (bronze, copper)
Ferronickel (iron)
German silver (copper, zinc)
Hastelloy (molybdenum, chromium, sometimes tungsten)
Inconel (chromium, iron)
Inconel 686 (chromium, molybdenum, tungsten)
Monel metal (copper, iron, manganese)
Nichrome (chromium)
Nickel-carbon (carbon)
Nicrosil (chromium, silicon, magnesium)
Nimonic (chromium, cobalt, titanium), used in jet engine turbine blades
Nisil (silicon)
Nitinol (titanium, shape memory alloy)
Magnetically "soft" alloys
Mu-metal (iron)
Permalloy (iron, molybdenum)
Supermalloy (molybdenum)
Brass (copper, zinc, manganese)
Nickel hydride (hydrogen)
Stainless steel (chromium, molybdenum, carbon, manganese, sulphur, phosphorus, silicon)
Coin silver (nickel)
Plutonium
Main article: Plutonium
Plutonium–aluminium
Plutonium–cerium
Plutonium–cerium–cobalt
Plutonium–gallium (gallium)
Plutonium–gallium–cobalt
Plutonium–zirconium
Potassium
Main article: Potassium
NaK (sodium)
KLi (lithium)
Rare earths
Main article: Rare earth element
Mischmetal (various rare earth elements)
Terfenol-D (terbium, dysprosium, and iron), a highly magnetostrictive alloy used in portable speakers such as the SoundBug device
Ferrocerium (cerium, iron)
Neodymium magnets, another strong permanent magnet
SmCo (cobalt); used for permanent magnets in guitar pickups, headphones, satellite transponders, etc.
Scandium hydride (hydrogen)
Lanthanum-nickel alloy (nickel)
Rhodium
Main article: Rhodium
Pseudo palladium (rhodium–silver alloy)
Silver
Main article: Silver
Argentium sterling silver (copper, germanium)
Billon
Britannia silver (copper)
Doré bullion (gold)
Dymalloy (copper, metal matrix composite with diamond)
Electrum (gold)
Goloid (copper, gold)
Platinum sterling (platinum)
Shibuichi (copper)
Sterling silver (copper)
Tibetan silver (copper
Titanium
Main article: Titanium
6al–4v (aluminium, vanadium)
Beta C (vanadium, chromium, others)
Gum metal (niobium, tantalum, zirconium, oxygen); used in spectacle frames, precision screws, etc.
Titanium hydride (hydrogen)
Titanium nitride (nitrogen)
Titanium gold (gold)
Tin
Main article: Tin
Babbitt (copper, antimony, lead; used for bearing surfaces)
Britannium (copper, antimony)[5]
Pewter (antimony, copper)
Queen's metal (antimony, lead, and bismuth)
Solder (lead, antimony)
Terne (lead)
White metal, (copper or lead); used as base metal for plating, in bearings, etc.
Uranium
Main article: Uranium
Staballoy (depleted uranium with other metals, usually titanium or molybdenum). See also Iron above for Staballoy (stainless steel).
Uranium hydride (hydrogen)
Zinc
Main article: Zinc
Zamak (aluminium, magnesium, copper)
Electroplated zinc alloys
See also
Complex metallic alloys
Heusler alloy, a range of ferromagnetic alloys (66% copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel or palladium)
High-entropy alloys
Intermetallic compounds
List of brazing alloys
Pot metal; inexpensive casting metal of non-specific composition
Notes
The purity of gold alloys is expressed in karats, (UK: carats) which indicates the ratio of the minimum amount of gold (by mass) over 24 parts total. 24 karat gold is fine gold (24/24 parts), and the engineering standard[citation needed] is that it be applied to alloys that have been refined to 99.9% or better purity ("3 nines fine"). There are, however, places in the world that allow the claim of 24kt. to alloys with as little as 99.0% gold ("2 nines fine" or "point nine-nine fine).[citation needed] An alloy which is 14 parts gold to 10 parts alloy is 14 karat gold, 18 parts gold to 6 parts alloy is 18 karat, etc. This is becoming more commonly[citation needed] and more precisely expressed as a decimal fraction, i.e.: 14/24 equals .585 (rounded off), and 18/24 is .750 ("seven-fifty fine"). There are hundreds of possible alloys and mixtures possible, but in general the addition of silver will color gold green, and the addition of copper will color it red. A mix of around 50/50 copper and silver gives the range of yellow gold alloys the public is accustomed to seeing in the marketplace.[citation needed]
References
Hunter, Christel (2006). Aluminum Building Wire Installation and Terminations, IAEI News, January–February 2006. Richardson, TX: International Association of Electrical Inspectors.
Hausner(1965) Beryllium its Metallurgy and Properties, University of California Press
"Ultimet® alloy - Nominal Composition". Haynes International. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
Donald E. Kirby, D. A. O'Keefe, Thomas A. Sullivan(1972) [1], United States Department of the Interior
"Retired Product".
Hellenica World - Scientific Library
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
