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Ammonium phosphate is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)3PO4. It is the ammonium salt of orthophosphoric acid. A related "double salt", (NH4)3PO4.(NH4)2HPO4 is also recognized but is impractical to use. Both triammonium salts evolve ammonia. In contrast to the unstable nature of the triammonium salts, the diammonium phosphate (NH4)2HPO4 and monoammonium salt (NH4)H2PO4 are stable materials that are commonly used as fertilizers to provide plants with fixed nitrogen and phosphorus.[3]

Ammonium phosphate[1]
Names
IUPAC name
ammonium phosphate
Other names
triammonium phosphate
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 10361-65-6  check
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChemSpider
  • 140090 check
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.709 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 269-789-9
PubChem CID
  • 159282
UNII
  • 2ZJF06M0I9 ☒
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID8052778 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
SMILES
Properties
Chemical formula
 (NH4)3PO4
Molar mass 149.09 g/mol
Appearance White, tetrahedral crystals
Solubility in water
 58.0 g/100 mL (25 °C)
Solubility Insoluble in acetone[2]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
 GHS07: Exclamation mark
Signal word
 Warning
Hazard statements
 H302, H319
Precautionary statements
 P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P330, P337+P313, P501
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 −1671.9 kJ/mol
Related compounds
Other cations
 Trisodium phosphate
Tripotassium phosphate
Related compounds
 Diammonium phosphate
Monoammonium phosphate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).


Preparation of triammonium phosphate

Triammonium phosphate can be prepared in the laboratory by treating 85% phosphoric acid with 30% ammonia solution:

H3PO4 + 3 NH3 → (NH4)3PO4

(NH4)3PO4 is a colorless, crystalline solid. The solid, which has the odor of ammonia, is readily soluble in water. The salt converts to diammonium hydrogen phosphate (NH4)2HPO4.

See also

Ammonium polyphosphate
Monoammonium phosphate
Diammonium phosphate

References

Lide, David R. (1998). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 4–42, 5–19. ISBN 978-0-8493-0594-8.
John Rumble (June 18, 2018). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99th ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4–41. ISBN 978-1138561632.
Schrödter, Klaus; Bettermann, Gerhard; Staffel, Thomas; Wahl, Friedrich; Klein, Thomas; Hofmann, Thomas (2008). "Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3.

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