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In chemistry an activated complex is defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) as "that assembly of atoms which corresponds to an arbitrary infinitesimally small region at or near the col (saddle point) of a potential energy surface".[1] In other words, it refers to a collection of intermediate structures in a chemical reaction when bonds are breaking and new bonds are forming. It therefore represents not one defined state, but rather a range of transient configurations that a collection of atoms passes through in between clearly defined products and reactants.
Transition state theory (also known as activated complex theory) studies the kinetics of reactions that pass through a defined intermediate state with standard Gibbs energy of activation ΔG°‡.[2][3] The state represented by the double dagger symbol is known as the transition state and represents the exact configuration that has an equal probability of forming either the reactants or products of the given reaction.[4]
The activated complex is often confused with the transition state and is used interchangeably in many textbooks. However, it differs from the transition state in that the transition state represents only the highest potential energy configuration of the atoms during the reaction while the activated complex refers to a range of configurations near the transition state that the atoms pass through in the transformation from products to reactants. This can be visualized in terms of a reaction coordinate, where the transition state is the molecular configuration at the peak of the diagram while the activated complex can refer to any point near the maximum. Activated complex has partial reactant and partial product character.[5]
See also
Coordination complex
References
IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "Activated complex". doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00092
IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "Transition State Theory". doi:10.1351/goldbook.T06470
Ptáček, Petr; Opravil, Tomáš; Šoukal, František (2018). "Introduction to the Transition State Theory". Introducing the Effective Mass of Activated Complex and the Discussion on the Wave Function of this Instanton. InTech. ISBN 978-1-78923-481-7.
IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "Transition State". doi:10.1351/goldbook.T06468
Peter Atkins and Julio de Paula, Physical Chemistry (8th ed., W.H. Freeman 2006), p.809 ISBN 0-7167-8759-8
Hellenica World - Scientific Library
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