Armagh Observatory is an astronomical research institute in Armagh, Northern Ireland. Around 25 astronomers are based at the observatory, studying stellar astrophysics, the Sun, Solar System astronomy and Earth's climate.
In 2018, Armagh Observatory was recognized for having 224 years of unbroken weather records.[1]
History
The Observatory is located close to the centre of the city of Armagh, adjacent to the Armagh Planetarium in approximately 14 acres (57,000 m2) of landscaped grounds known as the Armagh Astropark. It was founded in 1789 by The Most Rev. and Rt Hon. The 1st Baron Rokeby, Church of Ireland Lord Primate of All Ireland and Lord Archbishop of Armagh.
In 1795 through 1797 Solar observations were made at Armagh, including measurements of sunspots.[2]
Ernst Julius Öpik (grandfather of Lembit Öpik MP) was based here for over 30 years and among his many contributions to astrophysics he wrote of the dangers of an asteroid impacting on the Earth.
One of the observatory's directors, Thomas Robinson invented the cup anemometer.[3] (a device for measuring wind speed)[3]
In 1949, a plan was put forth to establish an Armagh Planetarium.[4] Eventually, in 1968 the Planetarium was founded, under its first Director, Patrick Moore. It celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2018.[5]
In 2018, the observatory was given an award by Centennial Weather Station Award from the World Meteorological Organisation for 224 years of unbroken weather recordings.[1] The records go back to 1794 and are also made available on the internet in the early 21st century.[1]
In modern times the Observatory along with the nearby Planetarium and 14-acre Astropark are noted tourist attraction and education centre.[6] The gardens, historical telescopes, and various astronomically related devices such as sundials are among some of the exhibits for visitors.[6]
Facilities
There are scale models of the Solar System and the Universe, two sundials and historic telescopes, as well as telescope domes and other outdoor exhibits. The Human Orrery, launched in 2004, is located close to the main Observatory building. The Observatory's specialist library and archives, and collections of scientific instruments and artefacts associated with the development of modern astronomy, represent one of the leading collections of its kind in the British Isles.
Instruments
A Troughton refracting telescope of 2.5 inch aperture was installed in a dome in 1795.[7] The telescope was manufactured by J & E Troughton of London, and is noted for its late 18th century brass metal work.[7] This is also called the Troughton Equatorial Telescope, for having an equatorial mounting.[7]
The observatory had an Earnshaw Regulator.[7] A Earnshaw regulator is a type of clock invented in 1791, that was valued for its accuracy.[8]
In the early 1800s it was reported to have a mural circle instrument.[9] Another instrument at the observatory is a sunshine recorder.[1]
In the 1830s the observatory bought a 15-inch reflecting telescope from Grubb.[10] The telescope used a metal mirror mounted on an equatorial mount with clockwork-drive.[10]
In 1885, a ten-inch aperture objective lens telescope was installed, also Grubb telescope.[11] This was installed in the Robinson dome.[11]
The observatory also has some meridian marks in the area, which look like stone arches that were used to mark the location of the meridian for astronomical instruments.[12] There is also another that is an iron obelisk.[12] The first meridian mark was built in 1793, and is in Tullyard, and it was used with the transit instrument.[12]
In 2005, two wide-angle cameras for a meteor detection systems were installed.[13]
Research
The records of temperature take at Armagh Observatory between 1844 and 2004 were analyzed in 2006 research paper.[14]
List of Directors
Directors of Armagh Observatory James Archibald Hamilton 1790 - 1815
William Davenport 1815 - 1823
Thomas Romney Robinson 1823 - 1882
John Louis Emil Dreyer 1882 - 1916
Joseph A. Hardcastle 1917
WFA Ellison 1918 - 1936
Eric Mervyn Lindsay 1937 - 1974
Mart de Groot 1976 - 1994
Mark E. Bailey 1995 - 2016
Directors of Armagh Observatory and Planetarium Michael G. Burton[15] 2016 -
See also
Royal Astronomical Society
Markree Observatory (Irish observatory 1830s-1900, discovered 9 Metis)
List of largest optical telescopes in the British Isles
References
"Recognition for woman who preserved unbroken weather record at Armagh Observatory". www.newsletter.co.uk. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
Arlt, R. (2009). "The solar observations at Armagh Observatory in 1795–1797". Astronomische Nachrichten. 330 (4): 311–316. doi:10.1002/asna.200911195. ISSN 1521-3994. S2CID 55309719.
Winn, Chris (6 March 2007). I Never Knew that About Ireland. Macmillan. ISBN 9780312368807.
"1976IrAJ...12..204G Page 204". Bibcode:1976IrAJ...12..204G.
"Armagh Planetarium marks 50th anniversary".
"Armagh Observatory, Armagh". discovernorthernireland.com. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
Troughton, Thomas. Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Oxford University Press. 31 October 2011. doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00185568.
Measham, Terry; Museum, Powerhouse (1 January 1994). Treasures of the Powerhouse Museum. Powerhouse Publishing. "Earnshaw Regulator."
Society, Royal Astronomical (1836). Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. Priestley and Weale.
Butler, C.J. "The 15-inch Equatorial Reflector by Thomas Grubb at Armagh Observatory".
"Armagh 10-inch refractor telescope, 1885 - Stock Image - C025/0064". Science Photo Library. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
Butler, John (1 April 2016). "Armagh Observatory's meridian marksARMAGH OBSERVATORY". Astronomy & Geophysics. 57 (2): 2.27–2.31. doi:10.1093/astrogeo/atw073. ISSN 1366-8781.
Trigo-Rodriguez, J. M.; Rietmeijer, F.; Llorca, Jordi; Janches, D. (21 March 2008). Advances in Meteoroid and Meteor Science. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9780387784199.
"Examination of the Armagh Observatory Annual Mean Temperature Record, 1844-2004".
"Armagh Planetarium Welcomes New Director". Astronotes. 1 August 2016. Archived from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
Hellenica World - Scientific Library
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