Ferenc Krausz (born 17 May 1962) is a Hungarian-Austrian physicist working in attosecond science. He is a director at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics and a professor of experimental physics at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in Germany. His research team has generated and measured the first attosecond light pulse and used it for capturing electrons' motion inside atoms, marking the birth of attophysics.[1] In 2023, jointly with Pierre Agostini and Anne L'Huillier, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Academic career
Krausz studied theoretical physics at Eötvös Loránd University and electrical engineering at the Technical University of Budapest in Hungary. After his habilitation at the Technical University of Vienna, in Austria, he became professor at the same institute. In 2003 he was appointed director at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics in Garching and in 2004 became chair of experimental physics at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich. In 2006 he co-founded the Munich-Centre for Advanced Photonics (MAP) and became one of its directors.[2]
Research
Ferenc Krausz and his research team were the first to create and measure a light pulse lasting less than one femtosecond. The researchers used these attosecond light pulses to make the inner-atomic movement of electrons observable in real time. These results marked the beginning of attosecond physics.[3][4][5][6]
In the 1990s, the groundwork for this landmark was done by Ferenc Krausz and his team with a large number of innovations[7] to the further development of the femtosecond laser technology to its ultimate limits – towards light pulses which carry the major part of their energy in one single oscillation of the electromagnetic field. An indispensable prerequisite for the generation of such short light pulses is the high-precision control of the delay of the different color components of broadband (white) light over one entire octave. Aperiodic multi-layers (chirped mirrors) emerging from a collaboration of Ferenc Krausz and Róbert Szipőcs[8] made such a control possible and are indispensable in today's femtosecond laser systems.
In 2001, Ferenc Krausz and his group were able for the first time not only to generate but also to measure[9] attosecond light pulses (of extreme ultraviolet light) by means of intense laser pulses consisting of one to two wave cycles. With this, they were shortly thereafter also able to trace the movement of electrons on the subatomic scale in real time.[10] The control of the wave form of the femtosecond pulse[11] demonstrated by Ferenc Krausz and his team and the resulting reproducible attosecond pulses enabled the establishment of the attosecond measuring technique[12][13] as the technological basis for experimental attosecond physics today. Over the past few years, Ferenc Krausz and his coworkers succeeded with these tools to control electrons in molecules[14] and – for the first time – observe in real time a large number of fundamental electron processes such as tunneling,[15] charge transport,[16] coherent EUV emission,[17] delayed photoelectric effect,[18] valence electron movement[19][20] and the control of the optical and electrical properties of dielectrics.[21][22] These results have been achieved with international cooperations with groups of scientists such as Joachim Burgdörfer, Paul Corkum, Theodor Hänsch, Misha Ivanov, Ulrich Heinzmann, Stephen Leone, Robin Santra, Mark Stockman and Marc Vrakking.
Krausz and his attoworld-team are now using femtosecond laser technology, which served as the basis for attosecond measurement technology, to further develop infrared spectroscopy for biomedical applications. Biological samples excited with ultrashort infrared laser pulses emit infrared waves. By scanning the electric field of these waves, minute changes in the molecular composition of the samples under investigation can be detected by measuring the so-called "electric-field molecular fingerprint (EMF)." The aim of the research collaboration "Lasers4Life" and "Center for Molecular Fingerprinting", consisting of laser physicists, mathematicians, physicians and molecular biologists, is to use the measurement of the EMF of blood samples to track the health of people ("health monitoring") and to detect diseases at an early stage ("disease detection").
Prizes
2006 – Royal Photographic Society Progress medal and Honorary Fellowship
2013 – Otto Hahn Prize
2016 – Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.[23]
2019 – Vladilen Letokhov Medal.[24]
2022 – Wolf Prize in Physics.[25]
2022 – BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Basic Sciences.[26]
2023 – Nobel Prize in Physics
References
Krausz, Ferenc; Ivanov, Misha (2 February 2009). "Attosecond physics". Reviews of Modern Physics. American Physical Society (APS). 81 (1): 163–234. Bibcode:2009RvMP...81..163K. doi:10.1103/revmodphys.81.163. ISSN 0034-6861. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
"Prof. Dr. Ferenc Krausz". Archived from the original on 8 March 2022.
Silberberg, Yaron (2001). "Physics at the attosecond frontier". Nature. 414 (6863): 494–495. doi:10.1038/35107171. PMID 11734831. S2CID 4414832.
Lewenstein, M. (2002). "PHYSICS: Resolving Physical Processes on the Attosecond Time Scale". Science. 297 (5584): 1131–1132. doi:10.1126/science.1075873. PMID 12183615. S2CID 35226097.
Dimauro, Louis F. (2002). "Atomic photography". Nature. 419 (6909): 789–790. doi:10.1038/419789a. PMID 12397335. S2CID 37154095.
Bucksbaum, Philip H. (2003). "Ultrafast control" (PDF). Nature. 421 (6923): 593–594. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..593B. doi:10.1038/421593a. hdl:2027.42/62570. PMID 12571581. S2CID 12268311. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
Brabec, Thomas; Krausz, Ferenc (1 April 2000). "Intense few-cycle laser fields: Frontiers of nonlinear optics". Reviews of Modern Physics. American Physical Society (APS). 72 (2): 545–591. Bibcode:2000RvMP...72..545B. doi:10.1103/revmodphys.72.545. ISSN 0034-6861.
Szipöcs, Robert; Spielmann, Christian; Krausz, Ferenc; Ferencz, Kárpát (1 February 1994). "Chirped multilayer coatings for broadband dispersion control in femtosecond lasers". Optics Letters. The Optical Society. 19 (3): 201. Bibcode:1994OptL...19..201S. doi:10.1364/ol.19.000201. ISSN 0146-9592. PMID 19829591.
Hentschel, M.; Kienberger, R.; Spielmann, Ch.; Reider, G. A.; Milosevic, N.; Brabec, T.; Corkum, P.; Heinzmann, U.; Drescher, M.; Krausz, F. (2001). "Attosecond metrology". Nature. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 414 (6863): 509–513. Bibcode:2001Natur.414..509H. doi:10.1038/35107000. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11734845. S2CID 6043342.
Drescher, M.; Hentschel, M.; Kienberger, R.; Uiberacker, M.; Yakovlev, V.; Scrinzi, A.; Westerwalbesloh, Th.; Kleineberg, U.; Heinzmann, U.; Krausz, F. (2002). "Time-resolved atomic inner-shell spectroscopy" (PDF). Nature. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 419 (6909): 803–807. Bibcode:2002Natur.419..803D. doi:10.1038/nature01143. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 12397349. S2CID 4429780.
Baltuška, A.; Udem, Th.; Uiberacker, M.; Hentschel, M.; Goulielmakis, E.; Gohle, Ch.; Holzwarth, R.; Yakovlev, V. S.; Scrinzi, A.; Hänsch, T. W.; Krausz, F. (6 February 2003). "Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields". Nature. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 421 (6923): 611–615. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..611B. doi:10.1038/nature01414. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 12571590. S2CID 4404842.
Kienberger, R.; Goulielmakis, E.; Uiberacker, M.; Baltuska, A.; Yakovlev, V.; Bammer, F.; Scrinzi, A.; Westerwalbesloh, Th.; Kleineberg, U.; Heinzmann, U.; Drescher, M.; Krausz, F. (2004). "Atomic transient recorder". Nature. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 427 (6977): 817–821. Bibcode:2004Natur.427..817K. doi:10.1038/nature02277. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 14985755. S2CID 4339323.
Goulielmakis, E.; Uiberacker, M.; Kienberger, R.; Baltuska, A.; Yakovlev, V.; Scrinzi, A.; Westerwalbesloh, Th.; Kleineberg, U.; Heinzmann, U.; Drescher, M.; Krausz, F. (27 August 2004). "Direct Measurement of Light Waves" (PDF). Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 305 (5688): 1267–1269. Bibcode:2004Sci...305.1267G. doi:10.1126/science.1100866. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 15333834. S2CID 38772425.
Kling, M. F.; Siedschlag, Ch.; Verhoef, A. J.; Khan, J. I.; Schultze, M.; Uphues, Th.; Ni, Y.; Uiberacker, M.; Drescher, M.; Krausz, F.; Vrakking, M. J. J. (14 April 2006). "Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 312 (5771): 246–248. Bibcode:2006Sci...312..246K. doi:10.1126/science.1126259. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16614216. S2CID 39557271.
Uiberacker, M.; Uphues, Th.; Schultze, M.; Verhoef, A. J.; Yakovlev, V.; Kling, M. F.; Rauschenberger, J.; Kabachnik, N. M.; Schröder, H.; Lezius, M.; Kompa, K. L.; Muller, H.-G.; Vrakking, M. J. J.; Hendel, S.; Kleineberg, U.; Heinzmann, U.; Drescher, M.; Krausz, F. (2007). "Attosecond real-time observation of electron tunnelling in atoms". Nature. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 446 (7136): 627–632. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..627U. doi:10.1038/nature05648. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 17410167. S2CID 4427403.
Cavalieri, A. L.; Müller, N.; Uphues, Th.; Yakovlev, V. S.; Baltuška, A.; Horvath, B.; Schmidt, B.; Blümel, L.; Holzwarth, R.; Hendel, S.; Drescher, M.; Kleineberg, U.; Echenique, P. M.; Kienberger, R.; Krausz, F.; Heinzmann, U. (2007). "Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter". Nature. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 449 (7165): 1029–1032. Bibcode:2007Natur.449.1029C. doi:10.1038/nature06229. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 17960239. S2CID 4341749.
Goulielmakis, E.; Schultze, M.; Hofstetter, M.; Yakovlev, V. S.; Gagnon, J.; Uiberacker, M.; Aquila, A. L.; Gullikson, E. M.; Attwood, D. T.; Kienberger, R.; Krausz, F.; Kleineberg, U. (20 June 2008). "Single-Cycle Nonlinear Optics". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 320 (5883): 1614–1617. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1614G. doi:10.1126/science.1157846. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 18566281. S2CID 11402146. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
Schultze, M.; Fieß, M.; Karpowicz, N.; Gagnon, J.; Korbman, M.; Hofstetter, M.; Neppl, S.; Cavalieri, A. L.; Komninos, Y.; Mercouris, Th.; Nicolaides, C. A.; Pazourek, R.; Nagele, S.; Feist, J.; Burgdörfer, J.; Azzeer, A. M.; Ernstorfer, R.; Kienberger, R.; Kleineberg, U.; Goulielmakis, E.; Krausz, F.; Yakovlev, V. S. (25 June 2010). "Delay in Photoemission" (PDF). Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 328 (5986): 1658–1662. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1658S. doi:10.1126/science.1189401. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 20576884. S2CID 9984886.
Goulielmakis, Eleftherios; Loh, Zhi-Heng; Wirth, Adrian; Santra, Robin; Rohringer, Nina; Yakovlev, Vladislav S.; Zherebtsov, Sergey; Pfeifer, Thomas; Azzeer, Abdallah M.; Kling, Matthias F.; Leone, Stephen R.; Krausz, Ferenc (2010). "Real-time observation of valence electron motion". Nature. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 466 (7307): 739–743. Bibcode:2010Natur.466..739G. doi:10.1038/nature09212. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 20686571. S2CID 4432067.
Wirth, A.; Hassan, M. Th.; Grguraš, I.; Gagnon, J.; Moulet, A.; Luu, T. T.; Pabst, S.; Santra, R.; Alahmed, Z. A.; Azzeer, A. M.; Yakovlev, V. S.; Pervak, V.; Krausz, F.; Goulielmakis, E. (14 October 2011). "Synthesized Light Transients". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 334 (6053): 195–200. Bibcode:2011Sci...334..195W. doi:10.1126/science.1210268. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 21903778. S2CID 43113183.
Schiffrin, Agustin; Paasch-Colberg, Tim; Karpowicz, Nicholas; Apalkov, Vadym; Gerster, Daniel; Mühlbrandt, Sascha; Korbman, Michael; Reichert, Joachim; Schultze, Martin; Holzner, Simon; Barth, Johannes V.; Kienberger, Reinhard; Ernstorfer, Ralph; Yakovlev, Vladislav S.; Stockman, Mark I.; Krausz, Ferenc (5 December 2012). "Optical-field-induced current in dielectrics". Nature. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 493 (7430): 70–74. doi:10.1038/nature11567. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 23222521. S2CID 4339923.
Schultze, Martin; Bothschafter, Elisabeth M.; Sommer, Annkatrin; Holzner, Simon; Schweinberger, Wolfgang; Fiess, Markus; Hofstetter, Michael; Kienberger, Reinhard; Apalkov, Vadym; Yakovlev, Vladislav S.; Stockman, Mark I.; Krausz, Ferenc (5 December 2012). "Controlling dielectrics with the electric field of light". Nature. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 493 (7430): 75–78. doi:10.1038/nature11720. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 23222519. S2CID 4418383.
"Ferenc 2023 -Nobel Prize in Physics Krausz". German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
"The first 2019 Vladilen Letokhov Medal goes to Ferenc Krausz". European Physical Society. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022.
"Wolf Prize in Physics 2022". 8 February 2022. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award 2022
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