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PANATHENAEA (τὰ Παναθήναια) was a very ancient festival in honour of Athena Polias and Erechtheus (A. Mommsen, Heortologie der Athener, 14 ff., 37 ff.), said to have been founded by Erechtheus or Erichthonius 729 years before the first Olympiad (C. I. G. 2374, cf. p. 325), called at first Athenaea, but after the συνοικισμὸς by Theseus Panathenaea (Plut. Thes. 24; Suid. s. v. Παναθήναια). Pisistratus renewed it with increased splendour, and attached more especial importance therein to the worship of his protecting divinity, Athena.
1. The Greater and Lesser Panathenaea.
The Greater Panathenaea was a πεντετηρὶς celebrated every fourth year, and was merely an extended and more magnificent performance of the Lesser Panathenaea, which was always from of old held every year (cf. Hom. Il. 2.551). As each fourth year came round the Lesser was incorporated in the Greater. The procession and the hecatomb always remained the basis of the latter, but the chariot-race also appears to have been considered as belonging to the original festival. Erechtheus is said to have ridden at it himself (C. I. G. l.c.). Pisistratus may be virtually considered as the second establisher of the Greater Panathenaea (Schol. on Aristid. p. 323), though we hear that the performance under the Archon Hippoclides in 566 B.C. was attended by a large concourse of strangers and was widely celebrated, especially as on that occasion gymnastic contests were first introduced. Indeed Marcellinus (Vit. Thuc. § 3) says the Panathenaea was established in the archonship of Hippoclides. The increased splendour of the Greater festival of course diminished the importance of the Lesser: so, though the adjective μεγάλα is often found attaching to the Greater (C. I. G. 380, 1068; Boeckh, Staatshaushaltung, iii.3 513), still generally Παναθήναια alone is used for the Greater, the Lesser one being styled μικρά.
The statement in the Arg. to Dem. Mid. 510, that the Lesser festival was a trieteris, is disproved both by such evidence as τὰ Παναθήναια τὰ κατ᾽ ἐνιαυτόν (Rangabé, 814, 32) and also by the fact that inscriptions on vases point to Panathenaea having been held in every single Olympic year (Mommsen, pp. 119, 125). The Greater Panathenaea were celebrated every third Olympic year (e.g. C. I. G. 1.251, by the Archon Charondas in 110. 3; Lys. Accept. Mun. Def. § 1, by the Archon Glaucippus in 92. 3: see other confirmatory arguments in Mommsen, pp. 120, 121); therefore they were held in the same years as the Pythian games. Solon, we know, took a Pythian calendar to regulate the Athenian one, and Pisistratus in many points followed closely in Solon's steps (Mommsen, 122).
2. The date of the Panathenaea.
The principal day was the third from the end of Hecatombaeon (about August 13th). Proclus (in Plat. Tim. p. 9) says so expressly of the Greater: and this agrees with Schol. on Hom. Il. 8.39, where Athena is said to have been born on that day. But Proclus says that the Lesser Panathenaea came immediately after the Bendideia [BENDIDEIA], accordingly on the 21st of Thargelion (about June 8th). But the Greater and Lesser Panathenaea are undoubtedly connected in that the former is but an amplification of the latter so that à priori there is a presumption that they are held at the same time. Further C. I. G. 157 obviously follows the calendar, and it puts the Panathenaea after the sacrifice to Eirene on Hecatombaeon 16th. According to Demosthenes (Timocrates, p. 709.28), the Panathenaea are just approaching on Hecatombaeon 11th; but these are certainly the Lesser Panathenaea (Schaefer, Demosth. 1.334; Wayte on Dem. Tim. § 26), as the year is 01. 106. 4, not 106. 3. The argument that the list in Lysias (op. cit. § 4) is necessarily in chronological order is disproved by such lists as Isaeus (de Dicaeog. hered. § 36), and [Andoc.] contr. Alc. § 42, which can be seen from comparison to be certainly not both in chronological order.
The evidence for a Panathenaea in the spring is Himerius, who gives as a title to his third speech, εἰς Βασίλειον Παναθηναίοις, ἀρχομένου τοῦ ἔαρος: cf. [Verg.] Ciris, 21 ff. (probably composed in Hadrian's time); but this refers to the Roman Quinquatria, which were called Panathenaea after the disappearance of the older festival (Dionys. A. R. 2.70).
3. The Musical Contest.
This was only held at the Greater Panathenaea. Pisistratus was of the gens of the Philaidae, who lived in Brauron, where there was a contest of rhapsodes [p. 2.325]from of old (Schol. on Aristoph. Birds 873). Hence he but transferred to the capital the custom of his village. He introduced recitations of the Homeric poems, which were better regulated by Hipparchus: cf. Plat. Hipp. 228 B; Ael. V. H.. 8.2. (For the meaning of ἐξ ὑποβολῆς and ἐξ ὑπολήψεως, see Mahaffy, Hist. of Greek Literature, 1.29, note.) The poems were now sung in much longer portions than before, and probably both the Iliad and the Odyssey as the Neleidae are especially celebrated in the latter (cf. Mommsen, p. 138). In later times other poets (e. g. Choerilus of Samos, fl. 420 B.C.) obtained the privilege of being recited at the Panathenaea (Suidas, s. v. Χοίριλος).
The musical contest proper was introduced by Pericles, who built the new Odeum for the purpose (Plut. Per. 13). Previously the recitations of the rhapsodes were in the old unroofed Odeum. There is a very important inscription (C. I. A. 2.965 = Rang. 961) concerning these musical contests. The part referring to the rhapsodists is probably lost. Then follow five prizes for the κιθαρῳδοί. For the first an olive crown set with gold (στέφανος θαλλοῦ χρυσοῦς), value 1000 drachmas and 500 drachmas in silver: for the second, probably a crown value 700, for the third 600, for the fourth 400, and for the fifth 300 (see Rangabé, ii. p. 673). Next two prizes ἀνδράσι αὐλῳδοῖς: for the first a crown value 300, for the second one value 100. Next ἀνδράσι κιθαρισταῖς: for the first it appears a crown valued at 500 drachmas, or 300 drachmas in money; for the second probably 200, and for the third 100. The fact that we find ἀνδράσι added proves that there were contests of boys too (cf. C. I. G. 2758, Col. i.). The αὐλητὰ also got prizes, but the inscription does not record what they were. Note that the prizes in the musical contests are reckoned in money, not in kind, as in the older gymnastic and equestrian contests. The first who won a victory in these musical contests was Phrynis in Ol. 83. 3 (446 B.C.): see Schol. on Aristoph. Cl. 971 (alter Καλλίου to Καλλιμάχου). Plutarch appears to have written a treatise on the Panathenaic music (de Mus. 8). There were not any dramatic representations at the Panathenaea. When we consider the long recitations of the rhapsodes and the musical contests proper, we may allow perhaps three days for this part of the ceremony on a liberal computation, certainly not less than one and a half days (Mommsen, p. 202).
4. The Gymnastic Contest.
There is frequent mention of this contest at the Greater Panathenaea (C. I. G. 251, Rang. 849, 18; Dem. de Cor. p. 265.116--a passage, by the way, which shows that proclamations in honour of benefactors were made at the Greater Panathenaea at the gymnastic contest), none for the Lesser: besides, it had nothing to do with the ritual; it was a purely secular and late addition, said to have been first made by the Archon Hippoclides in 566 B.C., or perhaps Pisistratus himself (cf. § 1). The inscription referred to above, C. I. A. 2.965 (= Rang. 960), also gives details as to the gymnastic contests. The competitors were divided into παῖδες, ἀγένειοι, and ἄνδρες, the παῖδες being those from 12 to 16 years of age, the ἀγένειοι from 16 to 20, and the ἄνδρες above 20. Thus neither a παῖς nor an ἀγένειος could compete as such twice. In later times (Rang. 964) the παῖδες were still further divided e. g. into τῆς πρώτης ἡλικίας, τῆς δεντέρας (cf. C. I. G. 1590, παίδων τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, παίδων τῶν νεωτέρων), the παῖδες τῆς τρίτης being doubtless the ἀγένειοι. There is then an event ἐκ πάντων, which means an all-comers' race, but for boys, as is plain from its position before ἄνδρας. The boys and striplings had their events first: then there was an interval (if a whole night did not intervene); and on re-assembling the men's events took place. According to C. I. A. 2.965, the παῖδες and ἀγένειοι have five contests,--στάδιον, πένταθλον, πάλη, πυγμή, παγκράτιον. According to Rang. 963 (belonging to the late period of the Diadochi), the παῖδες have six, while the ἀγένειοι still have only five. Perhaps the δόλιχος, which was added, was for all below the class of ἄνδρες. The men's contests were, according to ξ. ι. α. 966 (= Rang. 962), of 190 B.C., δόλιχος, στάδιον, δίαυλος, ἵππιος (=a double δίαυλος), πένταθλον, πάλη, πυγμή, παγκράτιον, ὁπλίτης (= race in armour). Note the order of the events, though in Plato's time the στάδιον came first (Legg. 8.833 A): cf. C. I. A. 2.965. The races were run in heats (τάξεις) of four each (Paus. 6.13, 4); the victors in the heats afterwards running together. There were prizes for the first and second in the deciding heat in the ratio of 5: 1 (= ox: sheep, cf. Plut. Sol. 23): see C. I. A. l.c. The prizes consisted of oil from the μορίαι in the Academia [OLEA p. 263 a], given in special prize amphorae, which were called ἀμφορεῖς Παναθηναϊκοί (Ath. 5.199). The oil was meant to be sold, and could be exported free of duty (οὐκ ἔστι δ᾽ἐξαγωγὴ ἐλαίου ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν εἰ μὴ τοῖς νικῶσι, Schol. on Pind. N. 10.64). The number of amphorae given, according to the inscription referred to, was about 1450, and the value (1 amphora worth 6 drachmas) about 1 talent 2700 drachmas (see Rangab, ii. p. 671). The gymnastic games probably lasted two days, certainly not less than one (Mommsen, 202).
5. The Equestrian Contest.
There is plenty of evidence for an equestrian contest at the Greater Panathenaea, none for the Lesser; though there may have been a kind of ceremonial race, more as a matter of worship than as a contest in which the victors got substantial prizes. None of the evidences for Athlothetae (cf. § 11) at the Lesser Panathenaea are absolutely conclusive, yet we may perhaps suppose that there was an equestrian contest on a small scale at this festival (Mommsen, 124-127). To understand thoroughly the many events of this division at different times, the reader must study the inscriptions in C. I. A. 965 b=Rang. 960 (380 B.C.), 966 = Rang. 962 (190 B.C.), 968 (166 B.C.), 969 (162 B.C.), C. I. G. 1591 (250 B.C.), and above all the elaborate table of the comparison of these inscriptions in Mommsen (Taf. IV.). The multifarious details can only be set forth in such a table, and any one who wants to study them very closely must be referred to it. Here we can merely give an idea of the plan, noticing that the events appear to have increased in number as time went on. The first and chief event, the one which legend said Erechtheus introduced, was that of the ἀποβάτης (cf. τῆς ἀπήνης καὶ τῆς κάλπης δρόμος at Olympia in Paus. 5.9, 1 and 2). [p. 2.326]A charioteer (ἡνιόχος ἐγβιβάζων or ζεύγει ἐβιβάζων) and a companion, as in the Iliad, occupy the chariot. The companion (here called ἀποβάτης, not παραιβάτης) leaps out (hence his name) and again up (hence sometimes we find him also called ἀναβάτης), partly helped by the driver (who thus gets his title ἐγβιβάζων), partly by kinds of wheels called ἀπσβατικοὶ τροχοί (Mommsen, p. 154). The son of Phocion (Plut. Phoc. 20) took part in this contest, so it must not be inferred from its absence in C. I. A. 2.965 that it did not exist in 380 B.C. It is really broken off the inscription. The second division in Mommsen's table is. ordinary riding and driving, without any relation to ritual or war. Here the horses are divided into foals and full-grown horses; they are yoked either singly, or two or four together; and the races are divided into δίαυλοι and ἀκάμπιοι. Then there are various permutations and combinations that may be made of these (e.g. συνωρίδι πωλικῇ, κέλητι τελείῳ, ἅρματι τελείῳ in C. I. A. 2.968): but there is no δίαυλος ever for a single horse, only for a yoke or a pair, and not even for these in the case of foals. The third division consists of what we may call military competitions, and they are much the same as the second division, only there do not appear so many combinations (e.g. ib. ἅρματι πολεμιστηρίῳ, ἵππῳ πολεμιστῇ). There is no need to suppose that these contests were exclusively confined to the cavalry (Mommsen, 161-2). The fourth refers to the procession in honour of Athena, and always consisted of four horses ζεύγει πομπικῷ δίαυλον or ἀκάμπιον. The fifth was of javelin-throwers from horseback, a contest which soon disappeared. Notice further that several events are for all comers (ἐκ πάντων): cf. C. I. A. 968, 42 ff., as opposed to those for Athenians only (τῶν πολιτικῶν).
The inscription C. I. A. 2.965 b, of which the beginning is lost containing the ἀποβάτης, gives the following, which Mommsen classifies thus:--
1st Class. [ἀποβάτης,]
2nd Class. ἵππων πωλικῷ ζεύγει (40:8).
ἵππων ζεύγει ἀδηφάγῳ (140:40); i. e. τελείῳ (see Hesych. sub voce ἀδήφαγος); was probably a slang word for the great expense. such splendid racehorses entailed.
3rd Class. ἵππῳ κέλητι νικῶντι (16:4).
ἵππων ζεύγει νικῶντι (30:6).
(It is specially noted in the inscription that these are πολεμιστηρίοις.)
4th Class. ζεύγει πομπικῷ νικῶντι (4:2)
5th Class. ἀφ᾽ ἵππων ἀκοντίζοντι (5:1).
(In brackets we have given the number of jars of oil awarded for first and second prizes.) The amateurs who took part in the contests of the second class are the best rewarded; and it was to encourage them to spend their money on keeping horses that these events were made the most distinguished. In C. I. A. 2.966, 41, king Ptolemy Epiphanes appears as victor among them in the δίαυλος with a chariot.
The place for both the gymnastic and equestrian contests was perhaps the Eleusinium (Köhler to C. I. A. 2.2, p. 392), or the deme Echelidae, W. of the Piraeus (Steph. Byz. s. v. Ἐχελίδαι: Etym M. s. v. Ἐνεχελιδώ, 340, 53; Mommsen, 152. Yet cf. Milchhöfer in Baumeister's Denkmäler, s. v. Peiraieus, p. 1200). It took up a day probably, though possibly only half a day (ib. 202).
6. The Smaller Contests.
（a) That called Euandria (εὐανδρία) was a means by which the leaders of the procession were chosen. It was a λειτουργία, [Andoc.] in Alcib. § 42, and he who performed it chose out of his tribe a certain number--perhaps about twenty--four, the number of a chorus--of the tallest and best looking members, and arrayed these with proper festal garments. A member of another tribe did the same, and probably only two tribes contended, as no second prize appears in C. L. A. 2.965. From this contest strangers were expressly excluded (Bekk. Anecd. 257, 13). Sauppe and Köhler consider that there were two companies who contended in each case in the Euandria, one of seniors, the other of juniors; perhaps the contest of the seniors was called εὐανδρία in the special sense, and that of the juniors εὐοπλία: cf. Rang. 964 and Mommsen, 168.
（b) The Pyrrhic dance [PYRRHICA], performed at both the Greater and Lesser Panathenaea (Lys. Accept. Mun. Def. § § 1, 4). With the Euandria and the Lampadedromia it belonged to the more strictly religious part of the festival (cf. Aristoph. Cl. 988 and Schol.). Athena was said to have danced the Pyrrhic dance after her victory over the Giants (Dionys. A. R. 7.72). As belonging to the religious part of the festival, the prize was an ox for sacrifice, and bore the special title of νικητηριον (cf Xen,. Cyr. 8.3, 33, where the ox alone is called νικητήριον, not the goblets: also Mommsen, 163; Rangabé, ii. p. 671). There were Pyrrhic dancers of all three ages--παῖδες, ἀγένειοι, and ἄνδρες. A relief published by Beulé (L'Acropole d'Athènes, ii., last plate but one) presents eight armed youths performing the Pyrrhic dance. A full body of Pyrrhicists would then be twenty-four, the number of a comic chorus. They wear a light helmet, carry a shield on their left arms, but are otherwise naked. How the victory was gained in the Pyrrhic dance and the Euandria is not stated; probably by decision of a judge. The. figure on the left of the relief may be perhaps. the judge.
（c) The LAMPADEDROMIA the prize of which in C. I. A. 2.965 was a hydria of oil (cf. Schol. in Pind. N. 15.61), value 30 drachmas.
7. The Pannychis.
This was the night of the 28th (the day being reckoned from sunset to sunset). The Lampadedromia was the first event in it. Then followed during the greater part of the night litanies (ὀλολύγματα) by the elder priestesses, which were originally prayers and thanksgivings for the harvest, and subsequently songs of joy for the birth of Athena. Mommsen (p. 171, note) thinks that possibly the conclusion of the Eumenides may have reference to the ceremonies of the Panathenaic pannychis. There were also dances by the younger priestesses, and towards morning songs by cyclic choruses (cf. Lys. op. cit. § 2) of youths and men (νέων τ᾽ἀοιδαὶ χορῶν τε μολπαί, Eur. Heracl. 779, a passage comprising many features of the Panathenaea, which, however, must not be taken as expressing the order in time, only the order in importance of the several [p. 2.327]events). The kind of songs the men sang may perhaps be partly seen in the dithyramb of Lamprocles in Bergk (Lyr. Graec. iii. p. 554: cf. Aristoph. Cl. 967 and Schol.). The ἱεροποιοὶ got next to nothing for the expenses of the Pannychis, only 50 drachmas, and this had to compensate much other outlay besides (Rang. 814, 27-30, and his note).
8. The Procession and Sacrifices.
The procession was most splendid. It comprised the victors in the games of the preceding days, the πομπεῖς or leaders of the sacrifices, both Athenian and those of strangers (for the colonies and cleruchies used to send sacrifices to the Panathenaea, e. g. Brea, C. I. A. 1.31), a large quota of cavalry (for Demosthenes, Phil. i. p. 47.26, speaks of ἵππαρχοι: cf. Schol. on Aristoph. Cl. 386), the chief officers of the army, ταξίαρχοι and στρατηγοί, dignified elders (θαλλοφόροι, Xen. Symp. 4, 17), bearing olive branches (θάλλοι), doubtless with their μέτοικοι as σκαφηφόροι following, in later times the ephebi splendidly equipped: while of women there was a long train of κανηφόροι [CANEPHOROS], with the wives and daughters of the μέτοικοι as their σκιαδηφόροι and διφροφόροι [METOECI]: then the Athenian people, generally marshalled according to their demes. Though the frieze of the Parthenon reproduces some points, especially the genuine Athenian element of the Panathenaic festival, still it must not be supposed that it reproduces all the details; e. g. the μέτοικοι, of whom we have most specific, evidence, do not appear. For another service of the female μέτοικοι at the Panathenaea, see HYDRIAPHORIA
One of the most striking features of the procession was the Peplus, worked by ἐργαστῖναι, superintended by two ἀρρηφόροι and certain priestesses, which was destined for the ancient statue of Athena Polias, according to certain prescriptions of the Delphic god. Pisistratus probably intended that a new peplus should be brought every four years; the Elean maidens wove a peplus for the goddess only once in every four years (Paus. 5.16, 2); but in republican Athens a new peplus was made each year (Schol. Aristoph. Kn. 566). In the time of the Diadochi portraits of some of these were placed where the figures of the gods should have been (Plut. Demetr. 10). The peplus was suspended like a sail from the yards on the mast of the Panathenaic Ship (Schol. on Hom. Il. 5.734), which was an actual ship, very large and beautiful. The marvellous appearance of a ship going through the streets was effected by subterranean machines (Philostr. Vit. Soph. 2.1, 5, p. 236 Kayser; Paus. 1.29, 1), of which we should very much like to have further information. The Athenians had become a seafaring people, and they wished to signify it: the time of the agrarian Athena was passed (Mommsen, 188). On the peplus were represented the ἀριστεῖα of the goddess, especially her victory over Enceladus and the Giants (Schol. on Eur. Hec. 466; Suidas, s. v. Πέπλος). It was considered a great sight for the populace (Plaut. Merc. prol. 67).
The procession, marshalled mainly in the ,outer Ceramicus, partly inside the town, passed through the market-place to the Eleusinium at the east end of the Acropolis (cf. Schol. to Aristoph. Kn. 566), turned round this to the left, and passed along the Pelasgicon, north of the Acropolis, and so reached the Propylaea (Philostr. l. c; cp. Xen. Hipp. 3, 2). Then some of the members performed the sacrifice to Athena Hygiaea, while others offered a prelimiuary sacrifice on the Areopagus. Prayers accompanied these offerings, and we hear of prayers being offered for the Plataeans at the Greater Panathenaea (Hdt. 6.111). On entering the Acropolis, which was only allowed to genuine Athenians, there was the sacrifice of one cow to Athena Nike (Rang. 814, 20); after this followed the. hecatomb to Athena Polias, on the large altar in the eastern part of the Acropolis. In earlier times the hecatomb was offered at the Erechtheum. After the procession followed the ἑστίασις. The flesh of the victims was given, according to demes, to a certain fixed number out of each deme. The σκαφηφόροι supplied bread and cakes.
9. The Boat-race
The boat-race was a supplementary event on the 29th of Hecatombaeon, the day on which ships are to be drawn down to the sea (Hes. Op. 815). It was held every four years in the Piraeus in honour of Poseidon (identified with Erechtheus) and Athena. The difference of locality forbids our associating it with the Sunian regatta, though this was also held only once in four years (Hdt. 6.87; Lys. op. cit. § 5). In connexion with this part of the festival the orator Lycurgus, in whose family was the priesthood of Poseidon Erechtheus, established three cyclic choruses (Westerm, Biogr. Min. 273, 50) in honour of that god, with valuable prizes.
10. The Calendar of the Panathenaea.
For the Lesser Panathenaea (which was the nucleus of the Greater) the chief day of the festival was the 28th of Hecatombaeon; it comprised the pannychis, the procession, the sacrifices, and the feasting: and the 27th sufficed for the horseraces (when there were any), the Euandria and the Pyrrhic dances. At the Greater Panathenaea these days were allotted to the same events. But the day on which the festival began will vary according as we allow a longer or shorter period for the three chief contests: thus the Musical contest might last three days or 1 1/2 days, the Gymnastic two days or one day, and the Equestrian one day or half a day. According, then, to the longer period, the Panathenaea would begin on the 21st; according to the shorter, on the 24th. The longer period has the advantage that it leaves the afternoons free for prelections (K. F. Hermann, Gr. Alt. 54, 24) or dinner-parties (Xen. Symp. init.). The shorter will suit Thuc. 5.47 better; cf. Mommsen, 204, 205.
11. The Officials of the Festival.
(1) The ten Athlothetae, one chosen from each tribe. They held office for four years, and their function, as Pollux says (8.93), was to arrange the musical, gymnastic, and equestrian contests at the Panathenaea. We find in inscriptions that they received subsidies from the ταμίας of the sacred chest of Athena (C. I. A. 1.188). (2) The Hieropoici [HIEROPOIOI], who managed the Lesser Panathenaea (Rang. 814, 32). They appear to have had nothing to do with the specially Greater festival (Etym. M. p. 469, 4). (3) The Gymnasiarchae [GYMNASIUM], who [p. 2.328]especially superintended the LAMPADEDROMIA (4) The Demarchs [DEMARCHI], who marshalled the people in demes for the procession and for the ἑστίασις (Schol. on Aristoph. Cl. 37; Suidas, s. v.). Concerning those who had perquisites in connexion with the festival, such as the μάντεις and archons in the κρεανομίαι, see Rang. 814.
12. Panathenaea outside Athens
Panathenaea outside Athens may perhaps be inferred from Παναθήναια ἐν Ἀθήναις in C. I. G. 1068. We are told that Themistocles established Panathenaea in Magnesia (Ath. 12.533), and in Teos there was a guild of Panathenaistae (C. I. G. 3073). The cleruchs no doubt celebrated the festival abroad.
(The principal works on the Panathenaic festivals are Meursius, Panathenaea, in Gronovius's Thesaurus, vii. p. 83 if.; H. A. Müller, Panathenaica, 1837; M. H. E. Meier, Panathenaea in Ersch and Gruber, 3.10, 277-294; K. F. Hermann, Gottesd. Alt. § 54, pp. 358-367; Krause, s. v. Panathenaea in Pauly, 5.1105-1111; August Mommsen, Heortologie der Athener, 116-205; and Rangabé, ii. pp. 667-696.) [L.C.P]
(Appendix). The statement (p. 327 b) that the officials of the greater festival were the Athlothetae, not the Hieropoioi, is confirmed by cc. 54 and 60. In 100.49 it is mentioned that the selection of weavers of the sacred πέπλος (p. 327 a) was first in the hands of the βουλή, and afterwards of a δικαστήριον (see note on βουλή).
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