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Theodore Stephanides (1896 - 13 April 1983) was a Greek poet, author, doctor and naturalist. He is best remembered as the friend and mentor of the famous naturalist Gerald Durrell, featuring in Durrell's My Family and Other Animals and Fillets of Plaice, Durrell's brother Lawrence's Prospero's Cell, and Henry Miller's The Colossus of Maroussi.
A polymath, Stephanides was respected as a scientist and doctor, and acclaimed as a poet in both Greek and English, and translated a sizeable body of Greek poetry to English — notably a significant body of work by Greek poet Kostis Palamas and the Greek near-epic work Erotocritos.
He was also a noted biologist and scientist who has three species named after him (Cytherois stephanidesi, Thermocyclops stephanidesi, and Schizopera stephanidesi are microscopic water organisms discovered by Stephanides in 1938). He also wrote a definitive biological treatise on the freshwater life in Corfu, which is still cited in the 2000s. His autobiographical account of the Battle of Crete - Climax in Crete, and his factual account of Corfu and the Ionian Islands - Island Trails are widely read.
Biography
Theodore Stephanides was born in India to Greek parents, hailing from Thessaly. He spent his early years in Bombay. At age 11, after his father's retirement, he went to live in Corfu with his family, learning Greek there.
Stephanides served as a gunner in the Greek Army during World War I on the Greek Macedonian front, and again in the War in Asia Minor, 1919-1922 against Turkey.
He published two works of translated poetry in 1925 and 1926, but pursuing an alternative career path, went to Paris in 1929, to study Medicine.
He returned to Corfu in 1930 to establish the island's first X-ray unit. He married Mary Alexander, granddaughter of a former British Consul and of English and Greek parentage, shortly afterwards.
He started Corfu field work in 1933, based on directives from Corfiat health authorities, to prepare a report on the principal localities where anti-malarial measures would be necessary. It was around this time, in 1936, that he was introduced to the Durrell family, including Gerald Durrell and Lawrence Durrell, who would remain life-long friends. Stephanides would later send Lawrence Durrell medicines for the British Embassy in Cyprus (as noted from correspondence in Spirit of Place: Letters and Essays on Travel" (1969), by Lawrence Durrell). He would also be a meticulous proof-reader for Gerald Durrell's My Family and Other Animals, and Lawrence Durrell's The Greek Islands.
Stephanides left Corfu in 1938, moving to Salonica and undertaking work with an anti-malarial unit founded by the Rockefeller Foundation.
A veteran of World War I, Stephanides served as a Doctor in the Royal Army Medical Corps in Greece, Crete, Sicily and the Sahara in the period 1939 to 1945. His account of the Battle of Crete - Climax in Crete - criticizes Allied war policy. His parents and numerous friends died in Corfu due to German strafing and bombing. Stephanides' wife Mary and daughter Alexia, who were living in London, were sent to live with the Durrells in Bournemouth during the London Blitz of 1940 - 1941.
Stephanides re-joined his family in London after World War II, working as an Assistant Radiologist at St. Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth over the period of 1945 - 1961. He published the widely-circulated Climax in Crete in 1946. It was during this period that he published his two noted works in science: The Microscope and the Practical Principles of Observation (1947) - a guide to microscope operation and use - and the seminal A Survey of the Freshwater Biology of Corfu and of Certain Other Regions of Greece (1948).
Stephanides gained much praise and good standing as a poet after the back-to-back publication of his poetry collections The Golden Face (1965) and The Cities of the Mind (1969). He also went on to publish the personal collection of poems Worlds in a Crucible (1973). He also published a substantial body of translated poetry based on the works of the famous Greek poet Kostis Palamas ending with the posthumous publication of Kostis Palamas: A Portrait and an Appreciation including Iambs and Anapaests and Ascraeus in 1985. His other widely-praised translation, that of the Greek poem Erotocritos, was also published posthumously, in 1984. Among his other books, Island Trails - a factual account of Corfu and the Ionian Islands - is a well-recognized but rare book.
Theodore Stephanides died on 13 April 1983. Lawrence Durrell dedicated The Greek Islands (1978) and Gerald Durrell Birds, Beasts and Relatives (1969) and The Amateur Naturalist (1982) to Stephanides during his living years. Gerald Durrell's dedication in The Amateur Naturalist is to the mentorship he received from Stephanides, and reads:
This book is for Theo my mentor and friend, without whose guidance I would have achieved nothing.
Gerald Durrell, Dedication, The Amateur Naturalist
Bibliography
Poems, (original work by Kostis Palamas in Greek, translation to English, co-author Georgios Konstantinou Katsimpales) (Hazell, Watson and Viney, 1925)
Modern Greek Poems, (selection and translation from Greek to English, co-author Georgios Konstantinou Katsimpales) (1926)
Climax in Crete, (an account of the Battle of Crete) (Faber and Faber, 1946)
The Microscope and the Practical Principles of Observation, (Faber and Faber, 1947)
A Survey of the Freshwater Biology of Corfu and of Certain Other Regions of Greece, Practika of the Hellenic Hydrobiological Institute, 2(2): 11 - 263, (1948)
The influence of the antimosquito fish, Gambusia affinis, on the natural fauna of a Corfu lakelet (technical article), Practica of the Hellenic Hydrobiological Institute, 9: 3-6, (1964)
The Golden Face, (poetry) (Fortune Press, London, 1965)
Cities of the Mind, (poetry) (Fortune Press, London, 1969)
Three Poems, (original work by Kostis Palamas in Greek, translation to English, co-author Georgios Konstantinou Katsimpales) (self-published, 1969)
Worlds in a Crucible, (poetry) (Mitre Press, 1973)
Island Trails, (factual account of Corfu and other Ionian Islands) (MacDonald, 1973)
The Twelve Words of the Gipsy, (original work by Kostis Palamas in Greek, translation to English, co-author Georgios Konstantinou Katsimpales) (Oasis Books, London, 1974)
A Hundred Voices, (original work by Kostis Palamas in Greek, translation to English, co-author Georgios Konstantinou Katsimpales) (self-published, 1976)
Karaghiozis and the enchanted tree: A modern Greek shadow-play comedy, (Greek Gazette, 1979)
The King's Flute, (original work by Kostis Palamas in Greek, translation to English, co-author Georgios Konstantinou Katsimpales) (The Kostis Palamas Institute, 1982)
Erotocritos, (original work by Vitsentzos Kornaros, translated from Greek to English) (Papazissis, 1984)
Kostis Palamas: A Portrait and an Appreciation including Iambs and Anapaests and Ascraeus, (partly original work by Kostis Palamas in Greek, translation to English, co-authors Theophanis G. Stavrou, Constantine A. Trypanis, Georgios Konstantinou Katsimpales) (Nostos Books, 1985)
External links
Gerald Durrell Tribute Website page about Theodore Stephanides
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