Philip II Philoromaeus ("Rome-lover") or Barypos ("heavy-foot") was son of the Seleucid king Philip I Philadelphus. Philip II himself briefly reigned parts of Syria in the 60s BC, as a client-king under Pompey. He competed with his second cousin Antiochus XIII Asiaticus for the favours of the great Roman general, but Pompey would have none of them and had Antiochus murdered. The deposed Philip may have survived; a Seleucid prince Philip is mentioned as a prospective bridegroom to queen Berenice IV of Egypt, sister of Cleopatra VII in 56 BC. The union was however checked by the Roman governor of Syria Aulius Gabinius who probably had Philip II killed.

Philip himself was indeed an insignificant pawn, but with him ended eleven generations of Seleucid kings, by far the mightiest rulers of the Hellenistic world.

Seleucid Ruler
Preceded by: Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
Succeeded by: Roman Republic Consuls Gaius Antonius Hybrida and Marcus Tullius Cicero