Panagiotis Soutsos

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Panagiotis Soutsos (Greek: Παναγιώτης Σούτσος 1806-1868), was a Greek newspaper editor, journalist, author, and poet of the romantic school, born in Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey). He was an admirer of the ancient Greek tradition, while he used an archaic language in his works. Soutsos is known today as a visionary of the revival of the Olympic Games who inspired Evangelis Zappas to sponsor the revival of the Olympic Games.[1] Soutsos wrote and published an article with the title "Evangelis Zappas" about the re-establishment of the Olympic Games in his own "Helios" newspaper on July 13, 1856 two whole days before Alexandros Rangavis, the foreign minister of Greece, received a letter from Zappas with details recorded in the article.[2]

Panagiotis Soutsos

Early life

Soutsos was born in 1806 in Constantinople, from a prominent Phanariot family with a tradition in poetry and literature.[3] After finishing his studies in Paris and Padua he moved to Transylvania.[4] In 1833, after the end of Greek War of Independence he moved to Nafplion, at the time the capital of the newly formed Greek state. He soon founded a newspaper called Helios (Ήλιος, "Sun") promoting the cause of Greek unity and culture.[5]
Poems

In 1831 he wrote the dramatic poem The Wayfarer (Ο Οδοιπόρος), while three years later he published the novel Leander (Ο Λέανδρος). Panagiotis Soutsos wrote several erotic poems[6] on a moderately archaic language and together with his brother Alexandros Soutsos were considered as representatives of early Greek romanticism.[7]

Olympic revival movement

Soutsos admired the ancient Greek tradition and often wandered in the ancient ruins, while he viewed the omnipresence of classical antiquities in Greece through the prism of an inflated romanticism.[8] In 1833 he published the poem Dialogue of the Dead, in which the ghost of Plato surveys his tattered land in dismay, wonders if he is really looking at Greece and addresses:[9]
“ Where are all your theaters and marble statues?
Where are your Olympic Games? ”

This work was the first reference for the revival of the ancient Olympic Games, as part of the revival of the ancient Greek tradition.[10] Later, in 1835, he put his thoughts into action by writing to the Greek minister of interior, Ioannis Kolettis suggesting that March 25, the anniversary of the outbreak of the Greek war of independence, should be declared a national holiday.[11] Soutsos proposed that in this anniversary festivities should be held including a revival of the ancient Olympics. The idea of marking March 25 as national holiday was approved, but the Olympic revival plans appear to have been stalemated that time.[12]

Finally, in early 1856, a wealthy merchant of the Greek diaspora in Romania, Evangelis Zappas, inspired by this revival effort was determined to found the Olympics and suggested to the Greek government to sponsor the entire project of the Olympic revival, providing also cash prizes for the victors.[13] In July, Panagiotis Soutsos wrote an enthousiastic article in the Greek press, making Zappas' proposal widely known to the public and triggering a series of events.[14] On November 15, 1859, 25 years after he conceived the idea, the first modern revival of the athletic Olympic Games took place in Athens. Moreover, on October 18, 1859, when his Olympic dream became reality, he published an account of the Games' events paying tribute to its sponsor, Evangelis Zappas.[15]

References

^ Young (1996) p. 14
^ Young (1996) p. 15
^ Mackridge (2009) p. 182
^ Young (2002) p. 140
^ Young (2002) p. 141
^ Brulotte Gaétan, Phillips John (2006). Encyclopedia of erotic literature, Volume 2. Encyclopedia of Erotic Literature. CRC Press. p. 580. ISBN 9781579584412.
^ Mackridge (2009) p. 167
^ Nagy Gregory, Stavrakopoulou Anna (2003). Modern Greek literature: critical essays. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities.. Routledge. p. 72. ISBN 9780815337775.
^ Young (2004) p. 141
^ Golden (2009) p. 128
^ Golden (2009) p. 129
^ Toohey Kristine, Veal Anthony James (2007). The Olympic Games: A Social Science Perspective Publishing Series. CABI. pp. 29–30. ISBN 9780851998091.
^ Gerlach, Larry R. (2004). The Winter Olympics: From Chamonix to Salt Lake. University of Utah Press. p. 25. ISBN 0874807786.
^ Landry, Fernand – Landry, Marc – Yerlès, Magdeleine (1991). Sport: The Third Millennium : International Symposium. Presses Université Laval. p. 103. ISBN 2763772676.
^ Matthews (2005) p. 51

Sources

Golden Mark (2009). Greek Sport and Social Status. Fordyce W. Mitchel Memorial Lecture. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292718692.
Mackridge Peter (2009). Language and National Identity in Greece, 1766-1976. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199214426.
Matthews George R. (2005). America's First Olympics: The St. Louis Games of 1904. University of Missouri Press. ISBN 0826215882.
Young David C. (2004). A brief history of the Olympic games. Brief histories of the ancient world. UWiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405111300.

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