.
James Galanos ([gulAn´Os]) is an American fashion designer, widely considered to be one the world's foremost 20th century couturiers.[4]
Vogue1946 James Galanos 60s Dress Size12 B34 A
Early life
James Galanos was born September 20, 1924 in a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the only son of Greek-born parents. His mother, Helen Gorgoliatos, and his father, Gregory Galanos, a frustrated artist, ran a restaurant in southern New Jersey, where Galanos had his first glimpses of well-dressed women. He grew up a shy boy and learned to work hard from early age. Galanos remembers that he was "a loner, surrounded by three sisters. I never sewed; I just sketched. It was simply instinctive. As a young boy I had no fashion influences around me but all the while I was dreaming of Paris and New York."[5] Galanos graduated from Bridgeton High School in Bridgeton, New Jersey in 1942 and went to New York City intending to enroll at a school headed by Barbara Karinska, the great Russian stage designer and costumer. When the school failed to open in the autumn, he enrolled at the Traphagen School of Fashion, one of the first schools of its kind. He attended two semesters at Traphagen, the first spent in general design studies and the second in draping and construction. After eight months, in 1943, Galanos left the school because he felt that what he wanted to learn could only be acquired from practical experience in the garment industry.[1]
Model Maud Adams is wearing a James Galanos creation and photographed for Vogue Americana Patterns,1969
Career
Dedication to excellence in craftsmanship and design was the foundation of James Galanos' career. The quality of workmanship found in his clothing is unsurpassed in America today. It may seem a contradiction that his sophisticated, mature, and elegant clothing was designed and produced in Southern California, traditionally the land of sportswear. But Galanos was satisfied to remain where he began his business in 1951, a continent away from New York and the center of the American fashion industry.
Green printed silk.Spring 1970 "Vogue" Pattern book
1944 – mid-1950s
In 1944, Galanos got a position as a general assistant at the chic New York East 49th Street emporium of Hattie Carnegie, the incubator of such talents as Jean Louis, Pauline Trigere, and Norman Norell. His job there turned out to be more clerical than creative, and, disappointed, Galanos left Carnegie and began selling his sketches to individual manufacturers on Seventh Avenue for less than $10.00 per sketch. Then, in 1945, his former Traphagen style and fashion teacher Elisabeth Rorabach called his attention to a help-wanted ad she had seen in The New York Times, placed by textile magnate Lawrence Lesavoy. "His beautiful wife, Joan, was hoping to launch a ready-to-wear dress business in California, and they were looking for a designer," recalled Galanos. The Lesavoys employed him for $75.00 a week and dispatched him to Los Angeles. Their plan, however, did not materialize; the Lesavoys divorced, and Galanos lost his job. "Out of pity," Galanos said, Jean Louis, head costume designer at Columbia Pictures, hired him as a part-time assistant sketch artist. Soon afterwards, Lawrence Lesavoy agreed to send the 24-year-old Galanos to Paris, just as couture houses there were rebounding from the war. Couturier Robert Piguet absorbed the American into his stable of assistants, among whom were Pierre Balmain, Hubert de Givenchy, and Marc Bohan.[6] At the Piguet atelier, Galanos met with fabric and trimming suppliers to choose materials, sketched and draped up designs under the eye of Piguet, who oversaw his work on a daily basis. In 1948, Galanos decided to return to the U.S and accepted a job with Davidow, a dress-making firm in New York. The new job allowed him very little creativity, and he resigned shortly.
In 1951, James Galanos decided to take another shot at California, and when the opportunity arose for him to open his own company, Galanos Originals, in 1952, he created a small collection, which was immediately ordered by Saks Fifth Avenue in Beverly Hills. He then opened his New York showroom where a Neiman Marcus clothing buyer discovered him and predicted his styles would soon “set the world on fire.” Stanley Marcus, the president of Neiman Marcus, agreed and soon proclaimed that the greatest and most treasured luxury in the world for a woman to have would be a dress by James Galanos.[7] Legendary magazine editors and style arbiters such as Diana Vreeland, Eleanor Lambert and Eugenia Sheppard became fans, ensuring that he would become a household name within months.[8] From this first collection, his clothing has been admired for its particularly high quality, especially considering it was ready-to-wear, not custom-made. His chiffon dresses in particular made his reputation in the early 1950s, with their yards of meticulously hand-rolled edges. Many designers worked with chiffon, but Galanos was a true master of the genre. He draped chiffon, pleated it, layered it, used flower prints and fabrics with metallic glints. As tailored as a shirtwaist dress or as seductive as a sarong, he gave chiffon a high style all his own. Sometimes he even gilded it, as in his notable pin-striped dress with a three-dimensional jeweled butterfly embroidered on the chest.[9]
In 1953, Galanos embarked on another venture altogether – he began designing for movies. His first job was to create costumes for Rosalind Russell, the star of the forthcoming film "Never Wave at a WAC." Russell, who at that time was considered the best-dressed of all American actresses, loved Galanos' designs, and she became his friend and a loyal client. Galanos went on to design costumes for other Russell's movies, most notably the film version of Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mama's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad in 1967. After her death, Miss Russell's wardrobe – nearly all of it Galanos – was divided among a number of costume collections across the country as gifts in her memory from her husband, Frederick Brisson. Other Galanos' contributions to film and performing arts included costume designs for Judy Garland for "General Electric Theater" and "Judy Garland Musical Special," both in 1956, as well as the 1974 film Ginger in the Morning, starring Sissy Spacek.[1]
Mid-1950s – 1998
Galanos gathered some of the most talented craftsmen available in his workrooms; many were trained in Europe or in the costume studios of Hollywood, for whom he continued to design from time to time.[10] Nondas Keramitsis, Galanos' head tailor, moved to Los Angeles from his native Greece to make women’s clothing. He had heard about Galanos through relatives and soon started working with him in his Los Angeles studio. Keramitsis and a crew of about 22 tailors he oversaw made everything by hand.[11] If Galanos' work was compared to that of anyone else, it was compared to French haute couture. His business was more comparable to a couture house than a ready-to-wear manufacturer; there was a great amount of hand work in each garment, and all of his famous beadwork and embroidery was done by his staff. Galanos always chose fabrics and trimmings personally during trips to Europe and Asia. Though he constantly looked for the best fabrics, Galanos often felt compelled to create his own. So he would make jackets out of different colored ribbons to toss over his chiffon dresses in impressionist colors. Or he would cross black satin ribbons over black lace for the bodices of delicately frothy short evening dresses. He often lined his dresses with silks that other designers used for dresses themselves, and he was always a firm believer in the importance of hidden details. These details made a difference in the feel of the clothes on the body and the hang of the fabric, and his clients all over the world were willing to pay a great deal for them. Details that were not hidden included sequins, feathers, metallic brocades and laces. He often balanced his most glittering dresses with quiet tie-dyed velvet sheaths and long, clingy styles in black crepe or crushed velvet. "Galanos: Perfection, and Lots of It," read the headline in The New York Times after Galanos' show of some 200 designs in 1988. "While he travels to Europe for his fabrics - many are the same as those used in the Paris couture collections - most of Galanos's designing is done in California," reported the Times. "His standards are as high as those found anywhere in the world. If a comparison is made, it is usually with the Paris couture. It is reasonably astonishing that an American designer of ready-to-wear should merit that kind of homage over so long a period of time."[12] Fashion designer Gustave Tassell, a long-time friend of Galanos, recalls an occasion when Hubert de Givenchy, the illustrious French couturier, was looking at an inside of a Galanos garment and exclaimed "... we don't make them this well in Paris!"[1] It was precisely this couture quality and the timelessness of Galanos' designs that caused his clients to never part with their gowns and continue wearing them over many years. But it was also the price tag. "Nobody could afford to dress completely with Jimmy," Nancy Reagan once confessed. "I hang on to what I have."[5]
First Lady Nancy Reagan in the Inaugural gown by James Galanos models for Vogue magazine in the Red Room, 1981
Galanos was also famous for his exquisite furs. He used mainly mink, sable, lynx and broadtail and handled the furs imaginatively, as if they were fabric. He smocked and quilted the surfaces, nipped the waistlines and used drawstrings, ruffles and capelets to give a strong fashion slant to all that opulence. He often designed for Peter Dion, the furrier who made sure that the quality of the pelts and the workmanship supported the innovative design. At the top of the line were coats made of lynx bellies, so soft and fluffy they looked airborne. The short style was selling for $200,000, the long one – for $300,000. The fitted coat was a Galanos specialty, successful in almost any fur, including fox. As he did with his ready-to-wear, Galanos also made the hats and other accessories, which included short fur scarves with mink tails hanging from the ends. He showed his coats over stretch tights and bodysuits with satin surfaces. There were unexpected styles as well, like fur shorts, gathered down the sides. Many sleeves featured the smock quilting that became a Galanos signature. He also had a special feeling for broadtail, the tissue-thin fur with a sleek, elegant surface. But Galanos could also make soft mink coats look lean, willowy and graceful by the way he shaped the skins in the back or carved the hemline in a back-dipping curve. According to Bernardine Morris of the New York Times, Galanos' "best design is a slender coat with the skins worked vertically through the bodice and horizontally for the skirt, an example of elegant proportioning."[13]
Many of the world's most socially prominent women were Galanos customers. "James Galanos designs for wealthy women who go to luncheons and cocktail parties, dine at the finest restaurants and are invited to the best parties," reported The New York Times. "His clothes are rarely seen in business offices. It isn't only because of the five-figure price tags, although they are daunting to all but the highest-paid executives. It's also the glamour quotient of the clothes."[14] Galanos agreed, "I design for a very limited group of people," he told Time magazine in 1985.[15] In the 1980s, he made national headlines as First Lady Nancy Reagan's favorite designer.[16][17] The fact that Mrs. Reagan wore a 14-year-old Galanos gown to her first state dinner at the White House attested to the timelessness and durability not only of his workmanship, but more importantly, of his design. This type of occurrence was commonplace among his faithful customers, which included Marilyn Monroe,[18] Elizabeth Taylor, Jackie Kennedy, Lady Bird Johnson, Grace Kelly, Diana Ross,[5] Betsy Bloomingdale,[19] Rosalind Russell, Marlene Dietrich, Dorothy Lamour,[20] Judy Garland, Loretta Young, Ali McGraw,[21] Ivana Trump,[22] Carolyne Roehm,[23] Kim Basinger, Arianna Huffington[24] and many other notable personalities and film and media stars. In 1982, John Duka, the New York Times columnist, described in his column, Notes on Fashion, a black tie party in Galanos' honor attended by his A-list fans, "James Galanos, the designer whose clothing is unmatched in quality and price in this country, was in town, and almost immediately the level of social exchange seemed elevated as if by ripple effect. Betsy and Michael Kaiser – he is the photographer – gave a black tie buffet dinner for the designer Saturday. Among those at table were Lyn Revson, Gordon Parks, Barbara Walters, Arianna Stassinopoulos, former Senator Abraham A. Ribicoff and his wife, Casey, Freddie and Arlette Brisson, Mary McFadden, Tammy Grimes, Stephen Paley, John Loring, Gloria Vanderbilt, William Macomber, Sybilla Clark, Alex Gregory, Frank and Gloria Schiff and Bob Colacello. Mr. Galanos was the center of attention: Almost every woman in the room was wearing one of his designs."[25]
1998 – present
Despite his retirement in 1998, Galanos continues to make his presence known in the fashion world. In 2002, he blasted the fashion industry for catering to only young women with perfect bodies. In an interview with WWD over lunch at the Pierre Hotel in New York he asked the reporter, Eric Wilson, shaking his head in contempt, "How many women can wear just a patch over their crotch and a bra? Aren't you embarrassed when you see a young girl walking down the street practically naked? Fashion is geared only to young people today," Galanos continued. "All we see is Levi's and bare bellies to the point of nausea. There are no clothes for elegant women. Let's face it, some of the things you see in the paper are absolutely monstrous looking – and I'm not squeamish. God knows I made sexy clothes in my day, but there's a point when you have to say, 'Enough, already'."[26] Of contemporary designers, he admires Ralph Rucci, who shares Galanos' views of the state of fashion at the beginning of the new millennium. "I think we're in a state of mediocrity," Rucci told design students at the San Francisco Academy of Art University.[27] Since early 2000s, Galanos has been attending most of Rucci's shows in New York and Paris. "I thought what he was doing was really terrific," Galanos told Cathy Horyn of The New York Times in 2002, "he has the same kind of concept that I had – beautiful details that you don't see in ready-to-wear."[28] "Ralph Rucci makes clothes like no one else, taking pains to make things that are beautifully finished," he told Harper's Bazaar in 2004.[29] On his side, Rucci considers Galanos a major influence in his work and a continuing inspiration. "If we were in Japan, we'd have an expression and call [Galanos] our national living treasure," Rucci told a group of distinguished guests that included Nancy Reagan, Betsy Bloomingdale and Peggy Moffitt, at an event honoring Galanos at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills.[30]
"While he officially retired in 1998," wrote Alix Browne in The New York Times, "he shows no signs of falling out of fashion."[31] Galanos's vintage gowns remain chic, sought after and popular among the international jet-set, Hollywood stars and supermodels, and have been seen on such notable women as Celine Dion,[32] Rene Zelwegger, Nicole Kidman, Jessica Alba,[21] Heidi Klum,[33] Tatiana Sorokko,[34] Amber Valletta,[35] Christina Ricci,[36] Ashley Olsen[37] and Katie Holmes,[38] among many others.
Photography
Having reinvented himself as an abstract photographer, in 2006, at age 82, Galanos's first exhibition of photography was held to great acclaim at the Serge Sorokko Gallery in San Francisco.[39][40] The show featured more than 40 photographs taken by Galanos over the previous several years. The works were mostly abstract, with the notable exception of a few mystical, mirror-effect enigmatic landscapes.[20] Much like fashion design, his photography revolved around material, shape and color. The subjects were crafted by Galanos out of paper or fabric and then photographed in evocative light, creating subtle variations of tone and shading.[41]
Awards and recognition
An epitome of style and impeccable taste in both his attire and manners, James Galanos was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1982. He won a host of awards during his career, including the Coty Fashion Award in both 1954 and 1956. He was inducted into the Coty Hall of Fame in 1959. Other awards include the Crystal Ball Award from The Fashion Group of Philadelphia, 1963; the Fashion Award from the Drexel Institute of Technology, 1965; the London Sunday Times International Award, 1968; the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce Golden 44 Award, 1980; a Diploma di Merita from the Universita delle Arte Terme, Italy, 1981. Galanos also received the prestigious Council of Fashion Designers of America Lifetime Achievement Award in 1985.[1] In the year 2000, the City of New York began honoring American fashion designers by placing bronze plaques along the pavement of Seventh Avenue. Dubbed the "Fashion Walk of Fame", Galanos was one of the first designers to be so honored.[42] In 2007, he became the recipient of the Rodeo Drive Walk of Style Award, and one year later, in 2008,[43] he received a Doctor of Philosophy degree honoris causa from the San Francisco Academy of Art University.[44]
James Galanos was subject of numerous museum solo exhibitions, and his designs are in the permanent collections of important museums worldwide, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, Victoria and Albert Museum in London, U.K, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, in Los Angeles, Musée Galliera in Paris, France, the Phoenix Art Museum in Phoenix, Arizona, the Philadelphia Museum of Art in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC, the Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York, N.Y., the Brooklyn Museum in Brooklyn, N.Y. and the M. H. de Young Memorial Museum in San Francisco, California, to name a few.[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]
Galanos' career spanned more than half a century. "To James Galanos, fashion is all about making women look beautiful," wrote Anne-Marie Schiro in The New York Times, "and he has devoted 44 years of his life to designing clothes to that end."[53] He "was always a hero to all those who worshiped at the feet of fashion, not just those who wore the clothes", wrote Bernardine Morris in an introduction to the catalogue of Galanos' retrospective exhibition at the Los Angeles County Museum in 1996. "He was heralded as the equal of any of the mythic group of French designers who represented the apotheosis of fashion. The difference, then and now, is that Galanos' clothes were ready-to-wear; the French Haute Couture made custom clothes. In this, he is truly an American designer. For, in this country, it is ready-to-wear that dominates fashion, a lesson the French learned after he pointed the way. This may be James Galanos' major contribution to the fashion world: he brought brilliance and quality to styles meant to be bought off the rack"[54]
Personal life
James Galanos has never been married. He is the uncle of fine jewelry designer Diana Vincent, of Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania. He lives in West Hollywood and Palm Springs, California.
Museum exhibitions (partial list)
Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California
Museum at Fashion Institute of Technology, New York, N.Y.
Kent State University Museum, Kent, Ohio
Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, N.Y.
Brooklyn Museum of Art, Brooklyn, N.Y.
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, Texas
Palm Springs Art Museum, Palm Springs, California
Selected filmography
Never Wave at a WAC, 1953
Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mama's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad, 1967
Ginger in the Morning, 1974
Protocol, 1984
Literature
Williams, Beryl. Young Faces in Fashion. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1956. ASIN B0007E744Y
Levin, Phyllis Lee. The Wheels of Fashion. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, 1965. ASIN B0007DKMIA
Bender, Marilyn. The Beautiful People. New York: Coward-McCann, 1967. ASIN B001Q8MM7O
Vecchio, Walter. Riley, Robert. The Fashion Makers: A Photographic Record. New York: Bookthrift Co, 1968. ISBN 978-0517005415
Watkins, Josephine Ellis. Who's Who in Fashion. New York: Fairchild Publications, 1975. ASIN B000MBSMYS
Waltz, Barbara, and Morris, Bernardine. The Fashion Makers. New York: Random House, 1978. ISBN 978-0394411668
Houck, Catherine. The Fashion Encyclopedia. New York: St. Martins Press, 1982. ISBN 978-0312284015
Diamonstein, Barbaralee. Fashion: The Inside Story. New York: Rizzoli, 1985. ISBN 978-0847806102
Milbank, Caroline Rennolds. Couture: The Great Designers. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1985. ISBN 978-0941434515
Milbank, Caroline Rennolds. New York Fashion: The Evolution of American Style. New York: Abrams, 1989. ISBN 978-0810926479
Gold, Annalee. 90 Years of Fashion. New York: Fairchild Publications, 1990. ISBN 978-0870056802
Bradley, Barry Galanos. Cleveland: Western Reserve Historical Society, 1996. ISBN 0-911704-47-7
Stegemeyer, Anne. Who's Who in Fashion. New York: Fairchild Publications, 2003. ISBN 978-1563672477
Loring, John. Galanos, James. Lambert, Eleanore Tiffany in Fashion: A Study of American Fashion and Fashion Photography, 1933-2003. New York: Abrams, 2003. ISBN 978-0810946378
Sewell, Dennita. Extending the Runway: Tatiana Sorokko Style. Moscow: Russian Fashion Museum, 2010. ISBN 978-0615347608
Sources
Morrow, Suzanne Stark, The World of James Galanos. Architectural Digest, October 1981
Talley, André Leon, A Certain Quality: Galanos. Vogue, April 1985
Batterberry, Ariane and Michael, The Loner, Connoisseur. May 1985
Milbank, Caroline Rennolds, James Galanos: Disciplined Elegance in the Hollywood Hills. Architectural Digest, September 1988
References
^ a b c d e Bradley, Barry. Galanos, Cleveland: Western Reserve Historical Society, 1996. ISBN 0-911704-47-7. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
^ Moore, Booth (21 June 2009). "Los Angeles struts at the Fashion Designers of America Awards". The Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ "Ralph Rucci and James Galanos Honored With Honorary Academy Degrees". Academy of Art University Official website. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Schiro, Anne-Marie (30 August 1988). "Fashion; For Galanos, Elegance Is Eternal". The New York Times (New York). Retrieved 12 March 2011.
^ a b c Kalter, Suzy (2 June 1980). "If Nancy Reagan Makes It to the White House, So Will Designer James Galanos". People (New York). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Collins, Amy Fine. "When Galanos spelled Glamour," Vanity Fair, April 2007, U.S. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
^ "Fashion Icon James Galanos to Speak at the Palm Springs Art Museum". Palm Springs Art Museum Official website. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Stafford Hardwood, Rod (December 2007). "James Galanos: Height of Elegance". Palm Springs Life magazine (Palm Springs). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Morris, Bernardine (28 February 1989). "Galanos and Scaasi: A Vivid Spring; A Master of Chiffon". The New York Times (New York). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ "Bill Travilla; James Galanos; Bud Kilpatrick; Bill Pierson; Werle; Helen Rose". Life magazine. July 1, 1959. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Magsaysay, Melissa (17 October 2008). "L.A. Fashion Week's most dedicated follower". The Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Morris, Bernardine (23 February 1988). "Galanos: Perfection, and Lots of It". The New York Times (New York). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Morris, Bernardine (6 June 1987). "Galanos Shapes Fur Like Fabric". The New York Times (New York). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Schiro, Anne-Marie (28 August 1990). "The Galanos Style: In a Word, Glamorous". The New York Times (New York). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ O'Reilly, Jane (13 May 1985). "American Scene in Texas: Ostentation Meets Elegance". Time (New York). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ "Photo Essay: Nancy Reagan's Stylish State Dinners". PBS NewsHour Official website. 23 January 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ "First Ladies' Inaugural Gowns". InStyle.com Official website. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Fritz, Maura. "A Short History of the Little Black Dress". Realsimple.com. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Seward, Jayne (20 October 2009). "FIDM Celebrates Betsy Bloomingdale and the Haute Couture". ApparelNews.net. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ a b Hagwood, Rod (December 2007). "James Galanos: Height of Elegance". Palm Springs Life magazine. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ a b "Galanos Standouts: James Galanos on Fashion Icons". Palm Springs Life magazine. December 2007. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Hawkins, Timothy (1 March 1991). "DESIGNER AWARDS : The Winners Are . . . Short, Simple Looks". The Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Morris, Bernardine (23 November 1993). "Roehm and Saks Make Music". The New York Times (New York). Retrieved 12 March 2011.
^ Laher, Irene (20 February 1994). "Eyes on a Cosmic Prize : Arianna Huffington wants to do more than help her husband win a seat in the Senate. She is also trying to raise politics to a higher plane". The Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Duka, John (16 February 1982). "Notes on Fashion". The New York Times (New York). Retrieved 12 March 2011.
^ Wilson, Eric. "GALANOS: OUT OF HIS SHELL," Women's Wear Daily, 11 June 2002, U.S. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
^ "Fashion Scoops: Batteries Not Included... Letting It Rip... Speed Demons...". Women's Wear Daily. 29 April 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Horyn, Cathy (7 May 2002). "One Day on Welfare, the Next He's Showing in Paris". The New York Times (New York). Retrieved 12 March 2011.
^ Middleton, Wiliaml (April 2004). "The Rise of Ralph Rucci.", Harper's Bazaar, U.S. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
^ "Fashion Scoops: Points East... Honoring Galanos... Starry Night...". Women's Wear Daily. 19 October 2007. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Browne, Alix (16 August 2009). "James Galanos". The New York Times (New York). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Herman, Valli (26 February 2007). "Red carpet standouts". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles). Retrieved 6 February 2011.
^ Moon Gaynor, Violet (11 January 2009). "Going Against the Fashion Grain". Elle. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
^ Saeks, Diane (30 March 2010). "Truly Glam!". Thestylesaloniste.com. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
^ "Amber Valetta.The Costume Institute's "Model As Muse" Gala". Style.com. May 2003. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ "Chopard Celebrates 150 Years Of Excellence – Christina Ricci In Vintage Galanos". Redcarpet-fashionawards.com. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
^ "Ashley Olsen". People. 26 November 2007. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ "Scene". Daily Front Row. 23 July 2007. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Wilson, Eric (28 September 2006). "Galanos at 82: The Latest Take". The New York Times (New York). Retrieved 6 February 2011.
^ Zinko, Carolyn (17 September 2006). "Classic fashion designer James Galanos finds salvation -- for now -- in creating art". San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco). Retrieved 6 February 2011.
^ "He's the fashion icon behind the styles of Marilyn Monroe, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and Nancy Reagan – now about to celebrate his 82-nd birthday, James Galanos is changing his career!". ABC KGO-TV. 19 September 2006. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ "Coty Award". Coty-award.co.tv. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ "Rodeo Drive Walk of Style Award". Life magazine. 18 October 2007. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ "Academy of Art University’s Graduation Fashion Show Wows San Francisco". Academy of Art University. Official website. 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ "Works of Art". Metropolitan Museum of Art Official website. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ "A Passion for Perfection: James Galanos, Gustave Tassell, Ralph Rucci". Philadelphia Museum of Art Official website. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ "James Galanos: American Luxury". Kent State University Museum. Official website. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ "Historic Costume & Textiles Collection". Ohio State University. Official website. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ "James Galanos cocktail dress, c. 1955". FIDM Museum. Official website. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
^ "A Memento of the Reagan Years?". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles). 19 January 1989. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
^ Goodwin, Betty (7 February 1986). "Designer's Garment Joins Art Collection: David Hayes Ensemble to Go to Costume Dept. of L.A. County Museum". The Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Benjamin, Genocchio (23 May 2004). "Her Dress Code? Dress to Thrill". The New York Times (New York). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Schiro, Anne-Marie (28 February 1995). "Galanos: Simple Drama". The New York Times (New York). Retrieved 12 March 2011.
^ Morris, Bernardine. Galanos, Cleveland: Western Reserve Historical Society, 1996. ISBN 0-911704-47-7. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
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