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Clearchus (in Greek Kλεαρχoς; killed 353 BC) was a citizen of Heraclea on the Euxine (Black Sea) who was recalled from exile by the nobles to aid them in quelling the seditious temper and demands of the people. According to Justin, he made an agreement with Mithridates of Cius to betray the city to him on condition, of holding it'under him as governor. But, perceiving apparently that he might make himself master of it without the aid of Mithridates, he not only broke his agreement with the latter, but seized his person, and compelled him to pay a large sum for his release. Having deserted the oligarchical side, he came forward as the man of the people, obtained from them the command of a body of mercenaries, and, having got rid of the nobles by murder and banishment, raised himself to the tyranny. He used his power as badly, and with as much cruelty as he had gained it, while, with the very frenzy of arrogance, he assumed publicly the attributes of Zeus, and gave the name of Keraunos (i.e. "thunderer") to one of his sons. He lived in constant fear of assassination, against which he guarded in the strictest way. But, in spite of his precautions, he was murdered by Chion and Leon in 353 BC, after a reign of twelve years. He is said to have been a pupil both of Plato and of Isocrates, the latter of whom asserts that, while he was with him, he was one of the gentlest and most benevolent of men.1
References
Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Clearchus", Boston, (1867)
Note
1 Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca, xv. 81, xvi. 36; Justin, Epitome of Pompeius Trogus, xvi. 4-5; Polyaenus, Stratagemata, ii. 30; Memnon, History of Heracleia, 1; Plutarch, Moralia, "On the Fortune or the Virtue of Alexander", ii. 5, "A Discourse to an Unlearned Prince", 4 (38 MB PDF); Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae, iii. 29; Isocrates, To Timotheus; Suda, s.v. "Klearchos"; Aelian, Varia Historia, ix. 13
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This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology by William Smith (1867).
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