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Phosphorus and Hesperus, E. Morgan
In Greek mythology, Hesperos (Greek Ἓσπερος (The Evening Star), Sometimes Latinized as Hesperus) was a son of Eos and Atlas or Astraios or Kephalos. His Roman equivalent was Vesper.
Variant Names
Hesperus is the personification of the evening star, the planet Venus. His name is sometimes conflated with the names Eosphorus (Εώσφορος, "bringer of dawn"; Latin Aurora) or Phosphorus (Φώσφορος, "bringer of light", translated as Lucifer in Latin) since they are all personifications of the same planet Venus.
When named thus by the ancient Greeks, it was thought that Phosphorus and Hesperus (Venus in the evening) were two different celestial objects. It was the Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras who first realized that Phosphorus and Hesperus were the same object.
Phosphorus was the father of Ceyx, Daedalion and Leukone. He is also said to be the father of the Hesperides.
"Hesperus is Phosphorus"
The terms "Hesperus" and "Phosphorus" and the sentence "Hesperus is Phosphorus." are of interest to language philosophers. The terms were used by Gottlob Frege to illustrate his idea of sense and reference. Saul Kripke used the sentence to demonstrate that the knowledge of something necessary (in this case an identity) is not always an a priori matter, but could (and in some cases, necessarily) be something empirically discoverable.
Neopagan Mythology
Modern Wiccan devotées and demonologists make Jerome's Lucifer or "Phosporus" the father of "Aradia" and Ceyx by Diana. Though they refer to a "Roman tradition", no such classical myth existed, and "Aradia" and "Phosporus" first appear in the writings of Charles Leland.
See also : Greek Mythology. Paintings, Drawings
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