The Eteocretan (i.e True Cretan) language, also called Minoan, was the non-Hellenic language of Crete, before it was invaded by Greek tribes, spoken by the Minoans until ca. 1420 BC, when it was mostly displaced by Mycenaean Greek. The Eteocretans are mentioned in Homer's Odyssey and by Strabo as living on southern Crete, alongside Kydones in the west (according to Strabo also indigenous) and Greek Achaeans and Dorians in the east.

Very little is known about Eteocretan except that it may be the language used on the Linear A tablets. It is generally described as non-Indo-European or rather pre-Indo-European. The late Prof. Cyrus Gordon, better known for his work on Ugaritic, argued that it was a Semitic language closely related to Phoenician, but his attempted decipherments have been proven to be inaccurate and have not been accepted by other linguists. A relationship with Luwian, an Anatolian language, has also been suggested.

Despite the fall of the Minoan civilization, inscriptions in Eteocretan survive dating from the 7th century BC to the 3rd century BC, typically written in the local archaic Greek alphabet and the Ionian Greek alphabet. Five inscriptions have been found that are surely Eteocretan, two in Driros and three in Praisos in the Cretan prefecture of Lasithi. There are several other inscriptions that might be Eteocretan.