The current official regional administrative divisions of Greece (Greek: περιφέρειες) were instituted in 1987. Although best translated into English as "regions", the transcription peripheries is sometimes used, perhaps to distinguish them from the traditional regions which they replaced. The English word 'periphery' is derived from the Greek: περιφέρεια, which in Greek (but not in English) also means 'region'. There are 13 regions (nine on the mainland and four island groups), which (until 2010) were further subdivided into the now abolished 54 prefectures.

Traditionally, Greece was divided into 10 regions, which are still sometimes referred to in popular discourse. These are not to be confused with the new regions, even though the latter are largely based on the former, because there are areas of divergence. For example, the new region of the Peloponnese does not include all of the landmass traditionally known as the Peloponnese; the excluded part now finds itself in the region of Western Greece.

The first seven regions were established by the then-ruling military regime in 1971, but they were abolished after the fall of Georgios Papadopoulos in November 1973. The current regions were created by Law 1622/1986 and Presidential Decree 51/1987, and were conceived as an auxiliary regional level of the central government. With ongoing decentralization, they were accorded more powers in the 1997 Kapodistrias reform of local and regional government, and were finally transformed into fully separate entities by the 2010 Kallikratis plan (Law 3852/2010), which entered into effect on 1 January 2011. The government-appointed general secretary was replaced with a popularly elected regional governor and a regional council with 5-year terms, while many powers of the abolished prefectures were transferred to the regions.

Attica / Αττική
Central Greece / Στερεά Ελλάδα
Central Macedonia / Κεντρική Μακεδονία
Crete / Κρήτη
East Macedonia and Thrace / Ανατολική Μακεδονία και Θράκη
Epirus / Ήπειρος
Ionian Islands / Ιόνια νησιά
North Aegean / Βόρειο Αιγαίο
Peloponnese / Πελοπόννησος
South Aegean / Νότιο Αιγαίο
Thessaly / Θεσσαλία
West Greece / Δυτική Ελλάδα
West Macedonia / Δυτική Μακεδονία

Bordering the region of Central Macedonia there is one autonomous region, Mount Athos (Agion Oros, or "Holy Mountain"), a monastic community under Greek sovereignty. It is located on the easternmost of the three large peninsulas jutting into the Aegean from the Chalcidice Peninsula.
Kallikratis Plan administrative divisions

The Kallikratis plan (Law 3852/2010), which entered into effect on 1 January 2011, transformed the modern regions of Greece into fully separate entities by the 2010 with elected regional governors and regional councils.

The previous government-appointed general secretary disappeared at the regional level, and the regional organs of the central government were in turn replaced by seven decentralized administrations, which group from one to three regions under a government-appointed general secretary.

Administrative divisions

Attica, with the capital of Athens
Macedonia - Thrace, with the capital of Thessaloniki
Epirus - Western Macedonia, with the capital of Ioannina
Thessaly - Central Greece, with the capital of Larissa
Peloponnese, West Greece and Ionian Islands, with the capital of Patras
Aegean Islands, with the capital of Piraeus

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