Δύμη, πόλις Ἀχαΐας, ἐσχάτη πρὸς δύσιν ὅθεν καὶ Καλλίμαχος ἐν ἐπιγράμμασιν εἰς Δύμην ἀπιόντα τὴν Ἀχαιῶν ... καὶ Δύμη ἡ χώρα πάλαι ἐκαλεῖτο, ἡ δὲ πόλις Στράτος, ὕστερον δὲ καὶ ἡ πόλις καὶ ἡ χώρα Δύμη ἐκλήθησαν. λέγεται καὶ πληθυντικῶς, ὡς Ἀπολλόδωρος τούτων ἀπέχουσα σταδίους ρκʹ ἐσχάτη κεῖται πρὸς δύσιν Δῦμαι. ὁ πολίτης Δυμαῖος. Ἔφορος κδʹ παραγενομένης δὲ τῆς στρατιᾶς εἰς τὴν Δύμην, πρῶτον μὲν οἱ Δυμαῖοι καταπλαγέντες. καὶ Παυσανίας ζʹ Οἰβώτᾳ ἀνδρὶ Δυμαίῳ σταδίου μὲν ἀνελομένῳ νίκην. καὶ πάλιν Δυμαίοις μέν ἐστιν Ἀθηνᾶς ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα. καὶ ἐν τῷ ηʹ τὰ δὲ πρὸς Ἀχαΐαν Δυμαίων εἰσὶν ὅμοροι. καὶ Ἀπολλόδωρος ἢ ὁ τὰ τούτου ἐπιτεμνόμενος τὴν δὲ χώραν ἔχουσι Δυμαῖοι. καὶ Φίλιστος Σικελικῶν αʹ ἐπὶ τῆς ὀλυμπιάδος ἣν Οἰβώτας [ὁ Δυμαῖος] ἐνίκα στάδιον. καὶ Ἀπολλόδωρος ἐν χρονικῶν αʹ πόλεμος ἐνέστη τοῖς τε Δυμαίοις ὅθεν ... καὶ Θεόπομπος μʹ προστάται δὲ τῆς πόλεως ἦσαν τῶν μὲν Συρακοσίων Ἄθηνις καὶ Ἡρακλείδης, τῶν δὲ μισθοφόρων Ἀρχέλαος ὁ Δυμαῖος. τὸ θηλυκὸν Δυμαία. Εὐφορίων ἥ τις ἔχεις κληῖδας ἐπιζεφύροιο Δυμαίης, διὰ τὸ πρὸς δύσιν ἐπιζέφυρον. Ἀντίμαχος Καυκωνίδα φησὶν αὐτὴν ἀπὸ Καύκωνος ποταμοῦ, ὡς [τὰς Θήβας] Διρκαίας, ἔνιοι δὲ καὶ Ἀσωπίδας. διαστέλλεται δὲ τῆς Ἠλείας κατὰ τὴν Βουπρασίαν Λαρίσῳ τῷ ποταμῷ. λέγεται καὶ Δύμιος, ὡς Βοίβη Βοίβιος. Ἀντίμαχος ἐν εʹ Θηβαΐδος ἐν δέ νυ τοῖσι μάλα πρόφρων ἐπίκουρος ἀμορβέων ὡμίλης´, εἵως διεπέρσατε Δύμιον ἄστυ. Stephanus of Byzantium
Dyme (Ancient Greek: Δύμη), or Dymae,[2] was a town and polis (city-state)[3] of ancient Achaea, and the most westerly of the 12 Achaean cities, from which circumstance it is said to have derived its name.[4][5][6] It was situated near the coast, according to Strabo 60 stadia from the promontory Araxus, and according to Pausanias 30 stadia from the river Larisus, which separated its territory from Elis. It is further said by Strabo to have been formed out of a union of 8 villages, one of which was called Teuthea (Τευθέα);[7] and it is probable, that some of the different names, by which the city is said to have been called, were originally the names of the separate villages. Thus, its more ancient name is stated by Pausanias to have been Paleia (Πάλεια), and by Strabo to have been Stratus or Stratos (Στρατός). The poet Antimachus gave it the epithet Cauconis, which was derived by some from the iron Caucon in the neighbourhood, and by others from the Caucones, who were supposed to have originally inhabited this district.[8][9]
The first resident of note was Oebotas who was said to be the first Achaean to win at the Ancient Olympic Games.[10] He was not honored for this and legendarily cursed others for that. Thucydides indicates it was near a great naval battle of the Peloponnesian War[11] and that some fleeing the battle found shelter there. After the death of Alexander the Great, Dyme fell into the hands of Cassander, but his troops were driven out of the city by Aristodemus, the general of Antigonus, 314 BCE.[12] This city had the honour, along with Patrae, of reviving the Achaean League in 280 BCE; and about this time or shortly afterwards its population received an accession from some of the inhabitants of Olenus, who abandoned their town.[5] A battle took place at Dyme in 226 BCE between the Spartans under King Cleomenes III and the Achaean League under the command of Aratus of Sicyon and ended in a Spartan victory. In the Social War (220-217 BCE), the territory of Dyme, from its proximity to Elis, was frequently laid waste by the Eleans.[13] In the First Macedonian War Cycliadas and Philip V of Macedon would prepare for an attack on Elis near Dyme; but in consequence of Dyme being the only one of the Achaean cities which espoused the cause of the Macedonian king, it was plundered by the Romans under Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus.[9] From this blow it never recovered; and it is said to have been without inhabitants when Pompey settled here a large number of Cilician pirates. In the civil wars which followed, some of these new inhabitants were expelled from their lands, and resumed in consequence their old occupation.[14][15] Both Strabo[16] and Pliny the Elder[17] call Dyme a Roman colony; but this statement appears to be a mistake, since we know that Dyme was one of the towns placed under the authority of Patrae, when it was made a Roman colony by Augustus;[9] and we are expressly told that no other Achaean town except Patrae was allowed the privilege of self-government.
The location of Dyme is near the modern Kato Achaia.[18][19]
See also
Dymaean Wall
List of ancient Greek cities
References
http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/3/gh351.jsp?obj_id=18783
Livy. Ab Urbe Condita Libri (History of Rome). 27.31.
Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen (2004). "Achaia". An inventory of archaic and classical poleis. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 481–482. ISBN 0-19-814099-1.
Herodotus. Histories. 1.145.
Polybius. The Histories. 2.41.
Strabo. Geographica. viii. p.387. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
Strabo. Geographica. viii. p.337. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
Strabo. Geographica. pp. 337, 341, 342, 388. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
Pausanias. Description of Greece. 7.17.5. , et seq.}}
[1].
[2]
Diodorus Siculus. Bibliotheca historica (Historical Library). 19.66.
Polybius. The Histories. 4.59-60, 5.17.
Strabo. Geographica. pp. 387, 665. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
Appian Mith. 96; Plutarch Pomp. 28; Cicero Att. 16.1, "Dymaeos agro pulses mare infestum habere, nil miruim."
Strabo. Geographica. p. 665. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
Pliny. Naturalis Historia. 4.6.
Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 58, and directory notes accompanying.
Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Dyme". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
