Arcades or Arkades (Ancient Greek: Ἀρκάδες), also Arcadia or Arkadia (Ἀρκαδία), was a town and polis (city-state)[1] of ancient Crete.[2] It disputed the claims of Mount Ida to be the birthplace of Zeus.[3]
Seneca the Younger collects a fragment of Theophrastus in which he says that in Crete there was a city called Arcadia where the springs and lakes dried up because they stopped cultivating the land after the destruction of the city. As a consequence, the terrain became harder and therefore it did not give way to the rains. He adds that they later re-cultivated the land and the waters returned.[4] During the Lyttian War about 220 BCE, at first all the Cretans were fighting against Lyctus, but then disagreements arose among the Cretans and some, like the people of Arcades, together with the inhabitants of Polyrrhenia, Ceraea, Orus and Lappa allied with Lyctus.[5] Arcades is mentioned in the list of Cretan cities that signed an alliance with Eumenes II of Pergamon in the year 183 BCE,[6] and also appears in the list of 22 cities of Crete by the Byzantine geographer of the 6th century Hierocles.[7] Arcades minted coins from approximately 330-280/70 BCE where the inscription «ΑΡΚΑΔΩΝ» appears. There is also epigraphic evidence that Asclepius was worshiped in the city.[1]
The site of Arcades is located near modern Kefala, Inion.[2][8][1]
References
Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen (2004). "Crete". An inventory of archaic and classical poleis. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1152. ISBN 0-19-814099-1.
Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 60, and directory notes accompanying.
Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Arcadia". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
Seneca, Naturales quaestiones 3.2.
Polybius. The Histories. 4.53.6.
IC IV,179.
Hierocles. Synecdemus.
Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.
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