Wilhelm Siegfried Kurt von Debschitz (21 February 1871 – 10 March 1948) was a German painter, interior designer, craftsman, art teacher and founding director of an influential art school in Munich.
He was born in Görlitz to a family from the nobility of Upper Lusatia; his parents were the Prussian lieutenant general Kolmar von Debschitz (1809–1878) and Pauline von der Borne (1830–1912). He initially sought to follow in his father's footsteps by pursuing a military career as a Prussian officer cadet, but abandoned this and went to live in Munich from 1891. He elected instead to follow an artistic career, inspired by the drawings of Heinrich Knirr and an unknown painter, probably Heinrich Nauen (de). In 1898 he married a prominent portrait photographer, Wanda von Kunowski.[1] They had three children between 1899–1903.[2] He exhibited his works in 1899 at the Bayerischer Kunstgewerbe-Verein (de) and in 1901 at Munich's inaugural Ausstellung für Kunst im Handwerk.[3]
In 1900, Debschitz and his colleague, the Swiss Jugendstil sculptor Hermann Obrist, co-founded the "Lehr- und Versuchsatelier für angewandte und freikunst" (Instructional and Trial Workshops for Applied and Fine Art), the so-called Debschitz-Schule.[1] Obrist focused on training sculptors, while Debschitz focused on the artists and management of the school. He took over the full management of the school following Obrist's departure in 1904, promoting artistic developments in a number of spheres, including commercial commissions, furniture design and metal, textile and ceramic works.[4] The school began with only six pupils[5] but proved highly influential, training important artists such as Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Sophie Taeuber-Arp. Paul Klee also worked there for a time as an assistant in the figure-drawing course.[6] By 1910 the school had become the largest private institution of its kind in Germany.[5] It was to provide a model for the later Bauhaus,[6] whose founder Walter Gropius stayed in touch with Debschitz and visited the school on at least one occasion.[7]
Poor health forced Debschitz to step away from managing the school in 1910–11 and 1913.[4] He joined the Deutscher Werkbund, a German association of artists, architects, designers, and industrialists, in 1912. He handed over management of the school permanently in July 1914, leaving it in the hands of a consortium comprising Emil Preetorius (de), Paul Renner (a former pupil at the school) and Hans Cornelius.[4] From 1914 to 1921 he worked as the director of Hanover's Kunstgewerbeschule- und Handwerkerschule Hannover (de). He was a co-founder of the Kestnergesellschaft there.[5] In 1922 he moved to the Black Forest town of Bernau im Schwarzwald, where he focused on textile design and the chipboard industry. Two years later his marriage with von Kunowski broke up and they were divorced in July 1924; later that year he married Hedwig Naumann in Lüneburg, Lower Saxony.[1] Illness in the last few years of his life led him to live at Lüne Abbey in Lüneburg, where he died in 1948.[4]
References
"Die Gesichter des Deutschen Kunstarchivs: Debschitz, Wilhelm von". Germanisches National Museum. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
"Wilhelm Siegfried Kurt VON DEBSCHITZ". Verein für Computergenealogie. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
Campbell, Gordon (2006). The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts. Oxford University Press. p. 305. ISBN 978-0-19-518948-3.
Schlösser, Manfred (1980). Arbeitsrat für Kunst Berlin, 1918–1921: Ausstellung mit Dokumentation : Ausstellung in der Akademie der Künste vom 29 Juni bis 3. August 1980. Akademie der Künste. p. 130.
Böttcher, Dirk (2002). Hannoversches biographisches Lexikon: von den Anfängen bis in die Gegenwart. Schlütersche. p. 91. ISBN 978-3-87706-706-2.
Troy, Virginia Gardner (2002). Anni Albers and Ancient American Textiles: From Bauhaus to Black Mountain. Ashgate. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-7546-0501-0.
Maciuika, John V. (2005). Before the Bauhaus: Architecture, Politics, and the German State, 1890–1920. Cambridge University Press. p. 318. ISBN 978-0-521-79004-8.
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