Saint Peter (Latin: Petrus, Greek: Πέτρος Petros, Syriac/Aramaic: ܫܸܡܥܘܿܢ ܟܹ݁ܐܦ݂ܵܐ, Shemayon Keppa, Hebrew: שמעון בר יונה Shim'on Bar Yona; died c. 64 AD ), also known as Simon Peter, Simeon, or Simōn, according to the New Testament, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, leaders of the early Christian Church. The Roman Catholic Church considers him to be the first Pope, ordained by Jesus in the "Rock of My Church" dialogue in Matthew 16:18. The ancient Christian churches all venerate Peter as a major saint and associate him with founding the Church of Antioch and later the Church in Rome, but differ about the authority of his various successors in present-day Christianity.
The New Testament indicates that Peter was the son of John (or Jonah or Jona) and was from the village of Bethsaida in the province of Galilee or Gaulanitis. His brother Andrew was also an apostle. According to New Testament accounts, Peter was one of twelve apostles chosen by Jesus from his first disciples. Originally a fisherman, he played a leadership role and was with Jesus during events witnessed by only a few apostles, such as the Transfiguration. According to the gospels, Peter confessed Jesus as the Messiah, was part of Jesus's inner circle, thrice denied Jesus, and preached on the day of Pentecost.
According to Christian tradition, Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero Augustus Caesar. It is traditionally held that he was crucified upside down at his own request, since he saw himself unworthy to be crucified in the same way as Jesus. Tradition holds that he was crucified at the site of the Clementine Chapel. His remains are said to be those contained in the underground Confessio of St. Peter's Basilica, where Pope Paul VI announced in 1968 the excavated discovery of a first-century Roman cemetery. Every June 29 since 1736, a statue of Saint Peter in St. Peter's Basilica is adorned with papal tiara, ring of the fisherman, and papal vestments, as part of the celebration of the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul. According to Catholic doctrine, the direct papal successor to Saint Peter is Pope Francis.
Two general epistles in the New Testament are ascribed to Peter; however, some biblical scholars reject the Petrine authorship of both. The Gospel of Mark was traditionally thought to show the influence of Peter's preaching and eyewitness memories. Several other books bearing his name – the Acts of Peter, Gospel of Peter, Preaching of Peter, Apocalypse of Peter, and Judgment of Peter – are considered by Christian churches as apocryphal.
St Peter in Penitence, El Greco
The Repentant Peter, El Greco
St Peter in Penitence, El Greco
Apostle St Peter, El Greco
Saint Peter, Jusepe de Ribera
Saint Peter, Jusepe de Ribera
Saint Peter Freed by an Angel, Jusepe de Ribera
Liberation of St Peter by an angel, Sebastiano Ricci
Crucifixion of St. Peter, Guido Reni
St. Peter, Carlo Crivelli
Saint Peter, Carlo Crivelli
Saints Peter and Paul, Carlo Crivelli
Apparition Of Apostle Saint Peter To Saint Peter Nolasco, Francisco de Zurbarán
Saints Peter and Jerome, Antonio Vivarini
Saint Agatha Attended by Saint Peter and an Angel in Prison, Alessandro Turchi
Denial Of St Peter, Nicolas Tournier
St. Peter and St. Paul, Guido Reni
Christ Giving Peter the Keys, Pietro Perugino
Christ's Charge to Peter, Peter Paul Rubens
Brancacci Chapel: Sermon of St. Peter , Masolino
Brancacci Chapel : The healing of a lame man , detail, Masaccio
Brancacci Chapel : The healing of a lame man , detail, Masaccio
Brancacci Chapel : baptism of a convert, Masaccio
Brancacci Chapel : awakening Theophilus ' son, Masaccio
Brancacci Chapel : Peter in Cathedra, Masaccio
Brancacci Chapel : Peter distributing alms, Masaccio
Brancacci Chapel : Shadow healing of Peter, Masaccio
Christ Giving the Keys to St Peter, Lorenzo Veneziano
St Peter Holding the Key of the Paradise, Pierre Puget
Liberation of Saint Peter, Giovanni Lanfranco
Saint Peter, Gillis Congnet
St Agatha cured by St Peter in Prison, Giovanni Martinelli
Denial of Saint Peter, Jan van der Venne
St Peter Praying, Matthias Stom
St. Peter, Carlo Crivelli
Sequence "Twelve Apostles with Christ the Judge ", Agostino Carracci
Peter's call, Giulio Romano
The Release of Peter from prison, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn
Release of Peter, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn
Denial of Peter, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn
Peter and John at the Golden Gate, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn
Peter and John at the Golden Gate, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn
Peter with Tabitha, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn
Peter in prayer for Tabitha, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn
St. Peter , El Greco
St, Peter in Penitence , El Greco
The Apostles Peter and Paul in the grave, Claude Vignon
Saint Peter Healing the Sick, Jean Jouvenet
St. Peter and St. Paul with the Sudarium, Hans Burgkmair the Elder
Presentation of the history of St Peter : Peter's denial, Hans Leonhard Schäufelein
Presentation of the history of St Peter : Peter on the seas, Hans Leonhard Schäufelein
Presentation of the history of St. Peter : Peter and John heal the sick, Hans Leonhard Schäufelein
Design for an Apostle series : St. Peter, Hans Leonhard Schäufelein
Christ Making Peter Head of the Church, Diana Scultori
Assumption of St. Peter, Oval, Fabrizio Boschi
Repentance of St. Peter, Gabriel François Doyen
See also : Bible, Paintings, Drawings
See also : Saint Peter Martyr, Paintings, Drawings
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