Maria Caspar-Filser (August 7, 1878 - February 12, 1968) was a German painter. She lived and worked mainly in Munich.
Life and work
Maria Filser grew up in rural southwestern Germany. She studied at the Art Academy in Stuttgart and the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. She married the painter Karl Caspar, who had been a childhood friend and neighbour, in 1907 and took the name Caspar-Filser. In 1909 she became a member of the Deutscher Künstlerbund (German Association of Artists). In 1913, she was the only woman among the founding members of the artists' association Münchener Neue Secession. In 1925 she became the first German woman painter to be awarded the title of professor. She taught at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. In 1928 she took part in the Venice Biennale. Caspar-Filser primarily painted flowers, gardens and landscapes, influenced equally by Impressionism and Expressionism.
The Nazis considered Caspar-Filser's paintings "degenerate" and began to persecute her. In 1933 she lost her professorship. In 1936, Caspar-Filser's paintings were removed from an exhibition at the Neue Pinakothek. In the wake of the Degenerate Art Exhibition in Munich on July 19, 1937, her artworks were removed from all museums and public collections and/or destroyed. That same year (some sources say the year was 1944, after her Munich house was destroyed in a bombing raid), due to Nazi hostility, she settled with her family in Brannenburg, where she lived until her death.
In 1947, Caspar-Filser became the first recipient of the Prize in Visual Arts of the City of Munich. A year later she again participated in the Venice Biennale. In 1950 she was one of the founding members of the re-established Deutscher Künstlerbund. In 1951 she became a member of the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts. In 1952, she was awarded the Upper Swabian Art Prize, jointly with her husband. In 1959, she became the first woman painter to be awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. She was awarded the Medal of the City of Paris at an exhibition at Musée National d'Art Moderne in 1961. In 1962, she was awarded the Culture Prize of the City of Rosenheim.
Her brother Benno Filser worked as a publisher in Augsburg and Munich.
An exhibition of her paintings was held, for the first time in over two decades, at Hohenkarpfen Art Museum, from March to July 2013. The exhibition was organized in cooperation with the city of Ochsenhausen and took place in the Ochsenhausen monastery.
References
Wirth, Günther, eds. (1993). Maria Caspar-Filser - Karl Caspar. Verfolgte Bilder [Maria Caspar-Filser - Karl Caspar. Persecuted images.] (in German). Albstadt: City Gallery. ISBN 3-923644-53-1.
Wirth, Günther (1982). Kunst im deutschen Südwesten von 1945 bis zur Gegenwart [Art in southwest Germany from 1945 to the present] (in German). Stuttgart: Hatje Cantz Verlag.
"Maria Caspar-Filser" (in German). Rosenheim city archives. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
"Obituary of Maria Caspar-Filser". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved January 26, 2014.
Simon, Stefan (April 9, 2013). "Neuer Blick auf eine bedeutende Malerin" [A new look at an important painter]. Südkurier (in German). Retrieved January 26, 2014.
Simon, Stefan (April 2, 2013). "Hoch geehrt - aber die internationale Anerkennung bleibt aus" [Highly honored - but without international recognition]. Schwarzwälder Bote (in German).
"Maria Caspar-Filser". Art Directory. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
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