Marcellin Desboutin
Renoir Seated
Henri Rochefort
Marcellin Gilbert Desboutin (Cérilly 26 August 1823 – 18 February 1902 Nice) was a French painter, printmaker and writer.
Biography
Marcellin Gilbert Desboutin was born in Cérilly, Allier on 26 August 1823. His parents were Barthélémy Desboutin, a bodyguard of Louis XVIII, and Baroness Anne-Sophie de Rochefort-Dalie Farges.[1] (Desboutin always signed himself Baron de Rochefort). He studied at the Collège Stanislas de Paris and began studying law while writing dramatic works. In 1845, he joined the studio of sculptor Louis-Jules Etex at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris, then he studied painting for two years under Thomas Couture. He then traveled in Britain, Belgium, the Netherlands and Italy. In 1857, he acquired a large property near Florence, the Ombrellino, where he led a lavish lifestyle and became friends with Edgar Degas.
The Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71 interrupted the performances at the Théâtre Français of Maurice de Saxe, a play he had written in collaboration with Jules Amigues. In 1873 at the age of fifty years, ruined by speculations, Desboutin moved to Paris, where he and Degas frequently met—often joined by Édouard Manet—at the Café Guerbois and the café Nouvelle Athènes. At Manet's home he met Émile Zola.
To make his living, he studied engraving and began a series of drypoint sketches while showing his paintings in exhibitions. He participated in the second exhibition of the Impressionists with six paintings, including Street Singer and The Cellist. He made many portraits of his friends including Edgar Degas, Auguste Renoir, Berthe Morisot, Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, Eugène Labiche, Nina de Villard, Erik Satie, Joséphin Péladan, Edmond and Jules de Goncourt. In 1880, longing for the sun drove him to move to Nice, where he remained until 1888. With the discovery, in a villa in Grasse, of five compositions by Fragonard, Marcellin Desboutin made five wonderful interpretive drypoints: Surprise, Rendezvous, Confidence, the Lover Crowned and Abandoned.[2]
Back in Paris, he helped found the Second National Society of Fine Arts and celebrated his appointment in the order of the Legion of Honour on 8 June 1895 with two hundred guests presided over by Puvis de Chavannes, in one of his favorite restaurants of Montmartre, giving the toast, "Gentlemen, drink to Manet in painting, in Chabrier music, Villiers and Duranty in literature!".[3] He returned to Nice in 1896 and worked there until his death there in 1902.
As a writer, Desboutin, besides Maurice of Saxony, is the author of a translation of Byron's Don Juan and of a drama performed in the late 1880s, Madame Roland. Desboutin himself posed for Manet, Renoir and Degas. He is depicted in Degas' famous 1876 painting L'Absinthe. His two sons, Andre Mycho and Tchiquine were also painters.
Three portraits
Paul Durand-Ruel
(1882)
Eugène Labiche
Autoportrait
Lithographie (1894)
Works
Portrait de jeune fille, 1823, Musée de Cambrai.
Portrait de l'artiste (autoportrait), 1823, oil on canvas, 46 x 38 cm, Paris, Musée d'Orsay.
La Voiture d'enfant, 1829, oil on canvas, 127 x 93 cm, Musée Fabre, Montpellier.
Enfant et Polichinelle, 1882, oil on canvas, 34 x 21 cm, Musée d'Art moderne de Liège.
Tête de fillette, 1882, oil on canvas, 33 x 25 cm, Musée d'Art moderne de Liège.
Portrait de l'artiste (autoportrait), 1886, oil on canvas, 32,5 x 24 cm, Musée Jules Chéret, Nice.
L'Italienne (portrait de Madame Noverra), oil on canvas, 24,5 x 19 cm, Musée départemental de l'Oise, Beauvais.
Portrait de Madame Cornereau, oil on canvas, 46 x 38 cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris.
Portrait du Sâr Mérodack Joséphin Péladan, 1891, oil on canvas, 121 x 81 cm, Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Angers.
Portrait de Joseph Ravel, père de Maurice Ravel, 1892, oil on canvas, Le Belvédère, Montfort-l'Amaury.
Publications
Chansons et chansonnettes (1852)
Maurice de Saxe, drama in 5 acts, in verse, with Jules Amigues, Paris, Théâtre-Français, 2 June 1870
Versailles, poème (1872)
Bibliography
Noël Clément-Janin, La Curieuse Vie de Marcellin Desboutin, peintre, graveur, poète, H. Floury, Paris, 1922
Bernard Duplaix, "Marcellin Desboutin Prince des Bohèmes", Les Imprimeries Réunies, Moulins-Yzeure 1985
References
Renée d'Ulmès, "Marcellin Desboutin" in La Plume, 1900, Slatkine Reprints, Genève, 1968, p. 748-751.
Jean Alboise, Les peintures décoratives de Fragonard à Grasse gravées par Marcellin Desboutin, "L’Artiste", March 1890, pp.300-309, and "L’Artiste", March 1889, p.128.
"Banquet Desboutin", in La Plume, no. 148, 15 June 1895, pp.286-287
External links
(French) Marcellin Desboutin au Musée d'Orsay
(English) Marcellin Desboutin sur Artcyclopedia
(French) Bibliothèque numérique de l'INHA - Estampes de Marcellin Desboutin
Degas: The Artist's Mind, exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art fully available online as PDF, which contains material on Marcellin Desboutin (see index)
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