Lucien Felix Biva[1] (13 August 1878 – October 1965) was a French–American artist. He studied painting early on with his father, the Naturalist painter Henri Biva. He was also the nephew of the painter Paul Biva. Between 1921 and 1949 he was an ornamental designer for textile fabrics and similar articles of manufacture having surface ornamentation, patenting over eighty designs with the United States Patent Office. He was a member of the Society of French Artists and the Society of Independent Artists.
Biography
Lucien Biva, Roses in a Vase, oil on canvas, 49 x 59 cm
Biva was born in Paris, where his family lived in Montmartre, 18 rue du Vieux Chemin de Paris (named rue Ravignan after 1867), and it is from designer Charles Biva (1821–1884), father of Henri Biva and Paul Biva that the family developed its artistic talents. In 1845, motivated by the fashion of the time for bourgeois interior ornamentation, Charles Biva opened a wallpaper factory in a northern suburb of Paris where his sons Henri and Paul began their apprenticeship as designers and colorists.
Lucien Biva benefited from the creativity inherent in his family, as well as from the proliferation of artistic environment of Montmartre at the end of 19th century and early 20th century, the so–called the Belle Époque.
The family influence
Lucien Biva first studied under his father, then enrolled at the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs, and the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts of Paris. At this time his professors included the poster designer Eugène Grasset (1845–1917). His education formed him as a painter but also as an interior designer and decorator.
He exhibited for the first time at the Salon des artistes français in 1902, with an entry titled Derniers rayons à Villeneuve-l’Étang, and exhibited there regularly until 1914. Other exhibition venues that saw his participation during this period included Salon des Indépendants in 1909.
United States
Le Rochambeau, Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, at Le Havre, circa 1919
During the month of August 1919, Lucien Biva left Le Havre aboard the transatlantic oceanliner Le Rochambeau.[2] On the first of September he debarked in New York City[1][3] where he would reside throughout the rest of his career.
Various reasons impelled Lucien Biva to emigrate to the United States. His father was a well-known painter,[4] and it may have be difficult for Lucien Biva to make a name for himself without being linked to the work of his father.
In the press chroniclers speak of "the Biva's" assimilating the son behind the father, and tended to write of the Biva brothers, confusing in a single work that of Henri and Paul Biva. In 1903, the Bulletin de la Société des amis des arts du département de l'Eure[5] Henry Chantraine evokes the Exposition des beaux-arts d’Evreux: "Passing in front of the Dahlias with its rich impasto and the Village, with violent tones, but already much more moderate [than those of Lucien Lamarre, mentioned above by the columnist] of MM. Henri and Lucien Biva [...]."[5]
Lucien Biva, Bouquet de Rose, oil on canvas, 61 x 51 cm
Lucien Biva's family nicknamed him "the anarchist", perhaps because he rejected part of the family pictorial legacy. In New York, when he exhibited at the Sixth Annual Exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists,[6] he was cited with other artists in the columns of New York Times (10 March 1922) as "stamped all over with the stamp of independence". It may be noted that the statement of the chronicler was somewhat tinged with irony. Since Society of Independent Artists created in 1916 was modeled after Société des Artistes Indépendants created in Paris in 1884, the author seems to have suggested this "independent" movement was already classical.
Other family reasons probably contributed to his departure for the States in 1919, at the age of 41. World War I had just ended, but his younger brother, jewelry designer Marius Biva, also formed at the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs, died at Verdun in 1915 at the age of 25 years.
American nationality
Lucien Biva became an American citizen in 1928, residing mostly in New York City, Brooklyn, Queens, White Plains and Catskill. He painted and exhibited throughout the second leg of his career in the United States.
Design
Between 1921 and 1949 Biva patented ornamental designs for textile fabrics and other articles of manufacture having surface ornamentation, patenting over eighty designs with the United States Patent Office.
At least one of Biva's designs, U.S. patent 59.177 of 1921, inspired other patents, such as U.S. patent 5,445,863, of 1995, used in clothing and other camouflage material for activities such as hunting and military maneuvers.[7]
Lucien Biva, Après-midi, Villeneuve l'Etang, Salon 1912 postcard. At this time Lucien Biva lived at 29, rue des Vinaigriers in Paris[8]
U.S. Pat. No. D-59,177 issued to Lucien Biva on Oct. 4, 1921 discloses a design for a Textile Fabric or similar article wherein the material is gathered and apparently sewn along straight seams at regular intervals to create a rippled or wrinkled appearance. However, the regular spacing of the seams and their straight lines fail to provide a natural appearance, as is accomplished with the irregular seams of the present invention.[7]
Œuvre
The early works of Lucien Biva are often difficult to distinguish from those of his father Henri Biva.
But when he left France in 1919, other artistic influences infused his style—Les Nabis, Art Nouveau and Fauvism—influences left over from his associations with artists at the Salon des Indépendants.[9] With realism in his past, Biva's new work consisted of colorful landscapes, with certain titles of his paintings emphasizing the primacy given to colors.[10]
Lucein Biva's work was shown in New York in the form of a retrospective exhibition, November 1957, at the Albany Institute of History & Art[9] Early works painted in France were juxtaposed with contemporary works painted in the United States, depicting a variety of places and subjects.[9]
He died in New York, aged 87.
Selected exhibition entries
France
Salon des artistes français, Exposition des Beaux-arts d’Évreux and Salon des Indépendants
1902, Derniers rayons, Villeneuve-l’Étang; La mare, fond du bois
1903, La Prairie blanche, printemps; Étude Couton-Veyrac-Jamault
1903, Village
1904, Le Moulin de Tomblaine, près Nancy
1905, La mare aux canards
1906, Les foins, soleil couchant [11]
1910, Derniers rayons sur le lac de la Malmaison
1911, Les Derniers rayons à Villeneuve-l’Étang
1912, Après-midi, Villeneuve-l’Étang; Les dernières fleurs; Automne au Grand Trianon
1913, La rivière à Villeneuve
1914, Villeneuve, matinée
United States
1921, Fifth Annual Exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists: no jury, no prizes, Waldorf Astoria, New York, The White Plain (Landscape in France), no. 58 and When the Sun is Setting, no. 59[12]
1922, Sixth Annual Exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists: no jury, no prizes, Waldorf Astoria, New York, 1922, The Girl and the Parrot, no. 73, The Hudson River, no. 74[6]
1945, the newsletter of the University John B. Stetson[13] refers to the acquisition of one hundred paintings in order to create a museum of fine arts. Lucien Biva is mentioned among the artists selected.
1957, Retrospective at Albany Institute of History and Art
Field of heather
Our peonies
Harvest time, Chartres, France
Lilacs in Vase
Moulin de la Galette, Montmartre
Apples, grapes, tea, kettle
The Little fisherman
Farmyard, Normandy, France
Autumn pond, White Plains
Washday, Brittany, France
New York skyline, from studio
Old country road, France
Tea for two
Peaches, pears in candlelight
Brittany coast, France
Incense burner and chrysanthemums
Peonies in iridescent vase
Fireworks, Montmartre
La rue St. Rustique, Montmartre
Villeneuve-l’Etang, France
Thawing, Dourdon, France
Brook, Haines Falls, Catskill
Village church, France
White face Mt, Adirondacks
Low tide, Douarnenez, France
Autumn, White Face Mt, Adirondacks
New York Bay, from studio
Sunflowers in old jug
Our barn, Catskill
The Mistletoe, Orléans, France
Catskill pond
Springtime in Saint-Cloud, France
Stony Brook, Ardsley, New York
Winding river, Ardsley, New York
Palisades, Englewood
Chrysanthemums in Chinese vase
Pam
Bibliography
Lucien Biva, La Rivière, Villeneuve, Salon de Paris, vintage postcard
Bulletin artistique de l'Est, Volumes 9-10, 1903, Nouvelles, Musée municipal de Toul[14]
Société des Amis des Arts du Département de l'Eure, Impr. C. Hérissey, 1904[15]
Le Ménestrel, Volume 76, 1910[16]
Societe nationale d'horticulture de France[17]
Le Magasin pittoresque, Jouvet & cie., 1912[18]
Le Magasin pittoresque, Jouvet & cie., 1913[19]
Aristide Frézard, Stanislas Frézard, Revue des eaux et forêts, Volume 53, Berger-Levrault, 1915[20]
Benezit E, Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Designers and Engravers, 1999, Volume 2, p. 356
Peter H. Falk, Audrey M. Lewis, Who was Who in American Art, 1564-1975, Vol I, p. 329
U.S. patents
Fibre & Fabric: A Record of American Textile Industries in the Cotton and Woolen Trade, Volume 69, 1921
Design for a textile fabric or similar article, Patented 4 October 1921
Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office, Volume 289, the University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1921
Textile World, Volume 60, Part 2, Bragdon, Lord & Nagle Company, 1921
Annual report of the Commissioner of Patents, United States. Patent Office, G.P.O. 1922
Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office, Volume 367, 1928
Design for a textile fabric, Patented 17 July 1928
Textile fabric, Patented 10 December 1929
Official gazette of the United States Patent Office, 1930
Design for a rug, L. Biva, 7 January 1941
Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office, Volume 522, Lucien Biva, The Office, Pennsylvania State University, 1941
Dec. 2, 1941, L. BIVA. Des. 130,567. RUG. Filed Oct. 28, 1941
Dec. 2, 1941. L. BIVA. Des. 130,568 . RUG. Filed Oct. 28, 1941
References
Ellis Island, The Statue of Liberty–Ellis Island Foundation, Inc. Passenger record, Lucien Felix Biva, Garches, France, 1 September 1919, age 41, ship of arrival Rochambeau, from Le Havre
Le Rochambeau, Le Havre-New York
Ellis Island passenger record, Lucien Biva
Janet Whitmore, Ph.D., a biography of Henri Biva
Société des amis des arts du département de l'Eure, Bulletin XIX, 1903, periodiques, Gallica
Catalogue of the Sixth Annual exhibition of The Society of Independent Artists: no jury, no prizes" The Waldorf Astoria, New York, 11 March – 2 April 1922
Camouflage material, US 5445863 A
L'Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux, Volume 100, Benj. Duprat, Libraire de l'Institut, 1937
Albany Institute of History and Art, 5–24 November 1957
Sulliva Goss Gallery
Lucien Biva, Les foins; soleil couchant, Catalogue illustré du Salon (Société des artistes français) -L. Baschet (Paris) British and foreign artists association (Paris) Motteroz (Paris) Librairie d'art L. Baschet (Paris) Bibliothèque des Annales (Paris), 1906
1921 Catalogue of the Fifth Annual exhibition of The Society of Independent Artists: no jury, no prizes" The Waldorf Astoria, New York, 26 February – 24 March, 1921
University John B. Stetson
Bulletin artistique de l'Est, Volumes 9-10, Nouvelles, Musée municipal de Toul, 1903
Société des Amis des Arts du Département de l'Eure, Impr. C. Hérissey, 1904
Le Ménestrel, Volume 76, 1910
Jardins de France, Volume 13, Societe nationale d'horticulture de France, 1912
Le Magasin pittoresque, Jouvet & cie., 1912
Le Magasin pittoresque, Jouvet & cie., 1913
Aristide Frézard, Stanislas Frézard, Revue des eaux et forêts, Volume 53, Berger-Levrault, 1915
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