Louis Schanker (1903–1981)[1] was an American abstract artist born in 1903. He grew up in an orthodox Jewish environment in the Bronx, New York. His parents were of Romanian descent.[2] At an early age he had an interest in both art and music He took art courses at Cooper Union, The Educational Alliance and The Art Students League with Barnett Newman, Mark Rothko and Milton Avery amongst others. During this time he shared a coldwater studio with the Soyer brothers, Chaim Gross and Adolph Gottlieb. In 1920 he traveled across the country. He lived the hobo life, joined the Sparks and then Barnum and Bailey circuses, later working as a thresher in the wheat fields of the Great Plains. There are elements in his works such as the circus murals done for the Neponsit Beach Children's Hospital and the print "Man Cutting Wheat" that reflect these experiences. Around 1924 he returned to New York, leased another studio and resumed his friendships and artwork. Schanker spent 1931 and 1932 attending classes at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière, painting and traveling in Paris, Italy and Spain and returned as something of a Cubist. He had his first show in 1933 at the Contemporary Arts Gallery and first exhibited at the Whitney Museum in 1936.[3]
The Federal Government sponsored programs to assist people during the 1930s depression when there were no jobs available. Artists were included in the Works Progress Administration Project (WPAP) and then the WPA programs. Schanker participated in both beginning in 1933. He was an artist and supervisor in the mural and graphic arts departments. In the New York City Division he worked with many other artists including Jackson Pollock, Lee Krasner, Burgoyne Diller, Byron Browne, Milton Avery, and Stuart Davis. These were controversial times in the arts community. In 1935 he and others (Ilya Bolotowsky, Ben-Zion, Marcus Rothkowitz (aka, Mark Rothko), Adolph Gottlieb, Joseph Solman, Tschacbasov, Lou Harris, and Ralph Rosenborg) formed a group called The Ten [Whitney Dissenters][4] that protested the lack of support for American Abstract Artists by the Whitney Museum which concentrated on representational art. Schanker and Bolotowsky were also in the awkward position of having their works being shown in the museum's 1936 Annual exhibit at the same time that they were protesting. Another group, founded in 1936, of which he was a founding member, the American Abstract Artists, (AAA) arose to promote and foster public understanding of abstract art.[3]
Schanker's "Abstraction with Musical Instruments"
Schanker was a radical among radicals. His "conglomerations of color-patches, among other things", wrote the sympathetic art critic Emily Genauer in 1935, "are bound to alienate no small part of the gallery-going public." However, the work proved popular in the New York art scene.
By 1937, even the often hostile New York Times art critic Edward Alden Jewell softened to the artist. When speaking of Schanker's major WPA mural at the municipal building studios of WNYC in New York, Jewell noted that Schanker had "a touch of lyric feeling". In 1938, Art News declared that "Louis Schanker's delightful Street Scene From My Window calls forth admiration for its delicacy of color and kaleidoscopic forms in plane geometry."
A decade later Schanker wrote:
"Though much of my work is generally classified as abstract, all of my work develops from natural forms. I have great respect for the forms of nature and an inherent need to express myself in relation to those forms."
Schanker moved into teaching, first at the New School for Social Research and then, from 1949 until his retirement, at Bard College. The January 1955 Life Magazine article "Comeback of an Art", describes him as "one of the earliest U.S.woodcut artists to do abstractions, Schanker since has trained or influenced a generation of talented younger artists."[5]
He was one of the major printmakers of the 1930s. He continued to be an active part of the New York art scene with many group and solo exhibitions including two shows (1943 and 1974,) at the Brooklyn Museum and a 1978 retrospective at the Associated American Artists. Just a few blocks from the hospital where he died in 1981 the Martin Diamond Gallery was holding a major show of his oils, sculpture and prints and his work was on exhibit at the Whitney Museum of American Art.
By all accounts a delightful man, Schanker was suspect to some because of his joie de vivre. According to Mercury Gallery owner, Sidney Schectman, who was showing the works of the Ten from 1937–39, Rothko was by all reports a very serious person. He did not have many friends. "I know he liked Schanker. I once talked to him about him, but he told me that Schanker was a playboy of some sort even then, but a great painter and a great wood block [painter]...you know, painted, the greatest. "But I don't know where he's going to go," he would say because he thought he was frivolous. And that's the kind of person Rothko was, terribly, terribly serious."[6]
Schanker's has remained popular and there is still continuing interest in his works. In 1989, summing up Schanker's career for a book on American abstraction, Virginia Mecklenburg wrote of "an animated expressionism that aims at a fundamental emotional structure".
He married stage actress and singer Libby Holman on December 27, 1960. She was a fierce champion of social causes and was an early supporter of civil rights. It was due to her generosity that in 1959 the young Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and his wife Coretta, were able to travel to India to study firsthand the non-violent techniques espoused by Gandhi. King was always grateful to Libby for giving him this pivotal opportunity. King, Coretta and Libby and Schanker would remain lifelong friends.
References
Louis Schanker, Biography Smithsonian American Art Museum
"United States Census, Bronx, New York, 1910"
"Louis Schanker, Oral History interview, Smithsonian Archives of American Art, 1963
www.LouisSchanker.info/tendisc.htm
www.LouisSchanker.info/students
Sidney Schectman, Oral History Interview, Smithsonian Archives of American Art, 1981
Public collections
The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
The Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts
The Brooklyn Museum of Art, Brooklyn, New York
Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh/Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio
The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio
CU Art Museum, University of Colorado at Boulder
The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Michigan
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York
University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York
Neuberger Museum of Art, SUNY, Purchase College, Purchase, New York
The Newark Museum, Newark, New Jersey
New York Public Library, New York, New York
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
The Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C.
Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery, Lincoln, Nebraska
Further reading
Louis Schanker, "The Ides of Art: Eleven Graphic Artists Write", Tiger's Eye 8 (June 1949) p. 45.
Acton, D., Adams, C., & Beall, K. F. (1990). A spectrum of innovation color in American printmaking, 1890-1960. New York: Norton.
Diamond, M. (1995). Who were they? my personal contact with thirty-five American modernists your art history course never mentioned. New Rochelle, N.Y.: M. Diamond.
McCoy, G. (1972). Louis Schanker (1903-). Archives of American Art. 123.
Virginia M Mecklenburg; Patricia Frost; Phillip Frost; National Museum of American Art (U.S.), The Patricia and Phillip Frost collection, American abstraction, 1930-1945(Washington, D.C. : Published for the National Museum of American Art by the Smithsonian Institution Press, ©1989.) ISBN 0-87474-717-1, ISBN 978-0-87474-717-1
Marika Herskovic, New York School Abstract Expressionists Artists Choice by Artists, (New York School Press, 2000.) ISBN 0-9677994-0-6. p. 16; p. 38; p. 330-333
Schanker, L., & Johnson, U. E. (1974). Louis Schanker prints, 1924-1971. American graphic artists of the twentieth century, monograph no. 9. Brooklyn: Brooklyn Museum.
Steiner, R. J. (1999). The Art Students League of New York a history. Saugerties, New York: CSS Publications.
United States. (1987). A New deal for American art in federal buildings, "Aerial act" Work Projects Administration, 1935-1943 golden anniversary. Washington, D.C.: U.S. General Services Administration.
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