Jean-Étienne Liotard
A Frankish Woman and Her Servant
Portrait of Mademoissele Louise Jacquet
The Chocolate Girl
Still-Life with Pears, an Apple, Plums and Walnuts on a White Glazed Plate
Portrait of the Philosopher and Naturalist Charles Bonnet
Portrait of Francois Tronchin
View of the Mont Blanc Massif from the Artist's Studio in Geneva, with Self-Portrait
Sleeping Nymph Spied upon by Satyrs
Landscape with Cows, Sheep and Shepherdess
An Elegant Young Woman in Maltese Costume
Portrait of a seated Lady in a Venetian carnival Costume, holding a Fan
Portrait of an Officer wearing the Order of the Saint Esprit
Jeanne-Elisabeth Sellon. Lady Tyrell
Portrait of Moritz, Graf von Sachsen, Marshal of France
Portrait of Marie-Josephe of Saxony, Dauphine of France
Portrait of Louis, Dauphin of France
Portrait of Mme Boere
Old Woman
Portrait of a Man
Portrait of Count Francesco Algarotti
Apollo and Daphne
Portrait of a Lady
Portrait of Marc Liotard-Sarasin
Sir William Ponsonby, 2nd count of Bessborough, friend and traveling companion of Liotard
Portrait of Count Jean Diodati
The Reader
A Lady pouring Chocolate (La Chocolatière)
Jean-Étienne Liotard (22 December 1702 – 12 June 1789) was a Swiss-French painter, art connoisseur and dealer. Liotard was born at Geneva. His father was a jeweller who fled to Switzerland after 1685. Jean-Étienne Liotard began his studies under Professors Gardelle and Petitot, whose enamels and miniatures he copied with considerable skill. He went to Paris in 1725, studying under Jean-Baptiste Massé (fr) and François Lemoyne, on whose recommendation he was taken to Naples by the Marquis Puysieux. In 1735 he was in Rome, painting the portraits of Pope Clement XII and several cardinals. Three years later he accompanied Lord Duncannon to Constantinople. Jean-Étienne Liotard visited Istanbul and painted numerous pastels of Turkish domestic scenes; he also continued to wear Turkish dress for much of the time when back in Europe. Using modern dress was considered unheroic and inelegant, in history painting by using Middle Eastern settings with Europeans wearing local costume, as travellers were advised to do.
Many travellers had themselves painted in exotic Eastern dress on their return, including Lord Byron, as did many who had never left Europe, including Madame de Pompadour.[1] Byron's poetry was highly influential in introducing Europe to the heady cocktail of Romanticism in exotic Oriental settings which was later to dominate 19th century Oriental art.
His eccentric adoption of oriental costume secured him the nickname of the Turkish painter.
He went to Vienna in 1742 to paint the portraits of the Imperial family. In 1745 he sold La belle chocolatière to Francesco Algarotti.
Still under distinguished patronage he returned to Paris. In 1753 he visited England, where he painted Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, the Princess of Wales. He went to Holland in 1756, where, in the following year, he married Marie Fargues. She also came from a Hugenot family, and wanted him to shave off his beard.
In 1762 he painted portraits in Vienna; in 1770 in Paris. Another visit to England followed in 1772, and in the next two years his name figures among the Royal Academy exhibitors. He returned to his native town in 1776. In 1781 Liotard published his Traité des principes et des règles de la peinture. In his last days he painted still lifes and landscapes. He died at Geneva in 1789.
Works
Liotard was an artist of great versatility, and though his fame depends largely on his graceful and delicate pastel drawings, of which La Liseuse, The Chocolate Girl, and La Belle Lyonnaise at the Dresden Gallery and Maria Frederike van Reede-Athlone at Seven at the J. Paul Getty Museum are delightful examples, he achieved distinction by his enamels, copperplate engravings and glass painting. He also wrote a Treatise on the Art of Painting, and was an expert collector of paintings by the old masters.
Many of the masterpieces he had acquired were sold by him at high prices on his second visit to England. The museums of Amsterdam, Bern, and Geneva are particularly rich in examples of his paintings and pastel drawings. A picture of a Turk seated is at the Victoria and Albert Museum, while the British Museum owns two of his drawings.
The Louvre has, besides twenty-two drawings, a portrait of Lieutenant General Hrault as well as an oil painting of an English merchant and a friend dressed in costumes and entitled Monsieur Levett and Mademoiselle Helene Glavany in Turkish Costumes. A portrait of the artist is to be found at the Sala di pittori, in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. While his son also married a Dutch girl, the Rijksmuseum inherited an important collection of his drawings and paintings.
References
Christine Riding, Travellers and Sitters: The Orientalist Portrait, in Tromans, 48-75
Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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