Henry Treffry Dunn
Girl with a Psaltery
Henry Treffry Dunn (1838–1899) was Dante Gabriel Rossetti's assistant and a painter in his own right.[1] Dunn's memoirs are a valuable source for the lives of the Pre-Raphaelites. He was paid to be Rossetti's factotum and to create copies of Rossetti's paintings. It has been said that the painting Lady Lilith in the Metropolitan Museum of Art was actually painted by Dunn and only "touched up" by Rossetti.[2] He left Rossetti's house because he was owed his salary. After Rossetti died, Dunn received the money that was owing to him and he eventually died whilst living with the poets Swinburne and Theodore Watts-Dunton.
Life and career
Rossetti and Theodore Watts-Dunton at 16 Cheyne Walk by Henry Treffry Dunn
Dunn was the son of a tea merchant. He was born in 1838 in Truro and trained at Heatherleys School of Fine Art in Chelsea. His sister Edith (born 1843) exhibited paintings, and another of his sisters was a professor of music.[3] He took up the position of assistant to Rossetti at Cheyne Walk in 1867[4] when Rossetti's assistant, Walter Knewstubb, left to launch his own career. Dunn had been recommended for the position by the American artist Walter Deverell.[5] The painter's brother William Rossetti described Dunn as having bright dark eyes and being prematurely grey.[4]
Dunn's paintings are influenced by Rossetti and in some cases he would make preliminary studies and copies for Rossetti. His painting style was described as "more solid than graceful".[4] Dunn recounted that he was given the position after successfully creating a copy of Rossetti's work. Rossetti used his assistant frequently to create copies which he would complete and at one stage Dunn complains at having to create a third copy of the same painting. Some have said that some of Rossetti's paintings were in fact almost entirely created by Dunn. Charles Fairfax Murray who was later another of Rossetti's assistants claimed that the Lady Lilith in the Metropolitan Museum of Art was painted by Dunn and then "touched up" by Rossetti.[2]
A version of Lady Lilith which is attributed to Dunn.
The version of Lady Lilith in the Metropolitan Museum "said to be" by Dunn
Dunn's paintings include a version of Lady Lilith which is attributed to him. Dunn is thought to have later recreated this picture in coloured chalk based on Rossetti's version.[6] Alexa or Alice Wilding was admired by Dunn although it not known if his feelings were returned. Dunn is reported to have only had a few women in his life and no long term attachments.[7]
Dunn was not only an artist's assistant, but also a secretary and friend. It was Dunn who first arranged for Rossetti to get a bank account as Rossetti would keep his money in a drawer where he, and others, could freely help themselves.[4]
Dunn worked as Rossetti's assistant for many years, but they quarreled and Rossetti refused to pay him. The quarrel continued until Dunn returned to his native Cornwall in 1880 leaving Rossetti's household in chaos.[4] Rossetti then replaced Dunn with another companion; the author Hall Caine. The lost salary remained in dispute until after Rossetti's death.[4] When Rossetti died, Dunn was very helpful to William Rossetti in his role as executor though he considered Dunn to be an alcoholic.[8] Dunn eventually obtained the considerable sum of money that was owed to him from Rossetti's estate.[4] At the end of his life he was taken in by the critic and poet Theodore Watts-Dunton who had earlier saved Swinburne from alcoholism.[8] The three of them lived together at Watts-Dunton's house until Dunn died in 1899.
Dunn's recollections of Rossetti and his friends were later published.[9]
Legacy
Dunn's watercolours and his other paintings are in collections in Cornwall[5] and other British galleries.
References
Henry Dunn, Rossetti Archive, accessed December 2011
Thomas, David Wayne (2004). Cultivating Victorians: liberal culture and the aesthetic p.128. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-8122-3754-2.
"Discoveries". Landers. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
Allen, Vivien (1997). Hall Caine: portrait of a Victorian romancer. Continuum International. p. 449. ISBN 978-1-85075-809-9.
"Your Paintings". BBC. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
"Henry Treffry Dunn - Past Auction Results". Artnet. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
Lee, Jennifer J. (2006). "VENUS IMAGINARIA: REFLECTIONS ON ALEXA WILDING, HER LIFE, AND HER ROLE AS MUSE IN THE WORKS OF DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI p.26 et al" (PDF). M.A. Dissertation. University of Maryland. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
Rossetti, William Michael (1990). Selected letters of William Michael Rossetti p.220i. p. 728. ISBN 978-0-271-00678-9.
Dunn, Henry Treffyn (1904). Recollections of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and his circle (Cheyne walk life). AMS Press.
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