Guido Reni
Paintings
Saint Joseph and the Christ Child
Drinking Bacchus
The Immaculate Conception
The Baptism of Christ
Christ as Ecce Homo
The Adoration of the Shepherds
Charity
Virgin in Prayer
Joseph and Potiphar's Wife
Santa Catalina
The Martyrdom of Saint Apollonia
Europa and the Bull
Assumption and Coronation of the Virgin
Madonna with a Chair
Cupid
Girl with a Rose
Cleopatra
Bust of Christ. Salvator Mundi
Saint Sebastian
Blessed Soul
Polyphemus
Saint James the Great
Saint Sebastian
The Penitent Magdalene
Saint Peter
Saint Paul
Fortuna with a Purse
Bacchus and Ariadne
Saint Margaret of Antioch
Portrait of a girl with a crown
Saint John the Baptist in the Wilderness
The Assumption of the Virgin
The infant Jesus and Saint John
Ecce Homo
Lucretia
Magdalene with the Jar of ointment
Christ bearing the Cross
David with the Head of Goliath
The Coronation of the Virgin
Christ embracing Saint John the Baptist
Saint Mary Magdalene
Lot and his Daughters leaving Sodom
The Virgin sewing accompanied by four Angels. La Couseuse
Susanna and the Elders
Saint Jerome
Cleopatra
St Jerome
The Penitent Magdalene
The Virgin sewing
Head of Christ Crowned with Thorns
Saint Cecilia
Sleeping Putto
The Toilet of Venus
The Agony in the Garden
Cleopatra
Lucretia
Lucretia 2
Madonna in Glory with Saints Jerome and Thomas
Lot and his Daughters leaving Sodom
The Adoration of the Shepherds
The circumcision of the Child Jesus
The Purification of the Virgin
Palazzo Quirinale : Nativity of Mary
Palazzo Quirinale : Queen of Heaven , detail
Palazzo Quirinale : Sewing Virgin Mary
St. John the Baptist in the Desert
Saint Matthew the Evangelist and the Angel
Crucifixion of St. Peter , detail
Coronation of the Virgin with Saints
Coronation of the Virgin with Saints , detail
Portrait of Cardinal Bernardino Spada
Portrait of a girl with a crown
Enthroned Madonna and the Holy City of Bologna
Illustrations
A Sibyl writing a Putto to the left
Guido Reni (4 November 1575 – 18 August 1642) was an Italian painter of high-Baroque style. Born in Bologna into a family of musicians, Guido Reni was the son of Daniele Reni and Ginevra de’ Pozzi. As a child of nine, he was apprenticed under the Bolognese studio of Denis Calvaert. Soon after, he was joined in that studio by Albani and Domenichino. He may also have trained with a painter by the name of Ferrantini. When Reni was about twenty years old, the three Calvaert pupils migrated to the rising rival studio, named Accademia degli Incamminati (Academy of the "newly embarked", or progressives), led by Lodovico Carracci. They went on to form the nucleus of a prolific and successful school of Bolognese painters who followed Annibale Carracci to Rome. Like many other Bolognese painters, Reni's painting was thematic and eclectic in style.
Work in Rome
By late 1601, Reni and Albani had moved to Rome[2] to work with the teams led by Annibale Carracci in fresco decoration of the Farnese Palace. During 1601–1604, his main patron was Cardinal Paolo Emilio Sfondrati. By 1604–1605, he received an independent commission for an altarpiece of the Crucifixion of St. Peter. After a few year sojourn in Bologna, he returned to Rome to become one of the premier painters during the papacy of Paul V (Borghese). From 1607–1614, he was one of the painters patronized by the
Borghese family.
Bacchus and Ariadne, circa 1619-1620, held in Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
Reni's frescoed ceiling of the large central hall of garden palace, Casino dell'Aurora located in the grounds of the Palazzo Pallavicini-Rospigliosi, is considered his masterpiece. The casino was originally a pavilion commissioned by Cardinal Scipione Borghese;[3] the rear portion overlooks the Piazza Montecavallo and Palazzo del Quirinale.[4] The massive fresco is framed in quadri riportati and depicts Apollo in his Chariot preceded by Dawn (Aurora) bringing light to the world.[5] The work is restrained in classicism, copying poses from Roman sarcophagi, and showing far more simplicity and restraint than Carracci's riotous Triumph of Bacchus and Ariadne[6] in the Farnese. Reni in this painting allies himself more with the sterner Cavaliere d'Arpino, Lanfranco, and Albani "School" of mytho-historic painting, and less with the more crowded frescoes characteristic of Pietro da Cortona. There is little concession to perspective, and the vibrantly colored style is antithetical to the tenebrism of Caravaggio's followers. Payments showed that he was paid in 247 scudi and 54 baiocchi upon completion on 24 September 1616.
He also frescoed in Paoline Chapel of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome as well as the Aldobrandini wings of the Vatican. According to rumor, the pontifical chapel of Montecavallo (Chapel of the Annuciation) was assigned to Reni to paint. However, because he felt underpaid by the ministers, the artist left for Bologna, leaving the role of the preeminent artist in Rome to Domenichino.
Work in Naples and return to Bologna
Saint Joseph and the Christ Child.
Joseph and Potiphar's Wife c.1630.
In later years, Reni traveled to Naples to complete a commission to paint a ceiling in a chapel of the San Gennaro. However, in Naples, the other local prominent painters, including Corenzio, Caracciolo and Ribera, were vehemently resistant to competitors, and according to rumor, conspired to poison or otherwise harm Reni (as may have befallen Domenichino in Naples after him). He passed briefly by Rome, but left that city abruptly, during the pontificate of Urban VIII, after being reprimanded by Cardinal Spinola.
Returning to Bologna, more or less permanently, Reni established a successful and prolific studio. He was commissioned to decorate the cupola of the chapel of Saint Dominic in the Basilica of San Domenico in Bologna, between 1613 and 1615, resulting in the radiant fresco St Dominic's Glory, a masterpiece that can stand the comparison with the exquisite Arca di San Domenico below. He also contributed to the decoration of the Rosary Chapel in the same church with the Resurrection.
In Ravenna, he painted the chapel in the cathedral with his admired picture of the Israelites gathering Manna. Reni, after departing Rome, alternately painted in a variety of styles, true to the eclectic tastes of many of Carracci trainees. For example, his altarpiece for Samson Victorious formulates stylized poses characteristic of Mannerism.[7] In contrast his Crucifixion and his Atlanta and Hipomenes[8] depict dramatic diagonal movement coupled with the effects of light and shade that portray the influence of Caravaggio. His turbulent and violent Massacre of the Innocents (Pinacoteca, Bologna) is painted in a manner reminiscent of Raphael. In 1625 Prince Władysław Sigismund Vasa of Poland visited the artist workshop in Bologna during his voyage to Western Europe.[9] The close rapport between the painter and the Polish Prince resulted in the acquisitions of drawings and paintings.[9] In 1630, he painted the Pallion del Voto with images of St. Ignatius and Francis Xavier, painted during the plague of 1630 that attacked Bologna.
His themes are mostly biblical and mythological in subject. He painted few portraits; those of Sixtus V, Cardinal Bernardino Spada, and the so‑called Beatrice Cenci are among the most noticeable. The identity of the Cenci portrait is very doubtful, since Beatrice Cenci was executed in Rome before Reni ever lived there and so could not have sat for the portrait. Many etchings are attributed to Guido Reni, some after his own paintings and some after other masters. They are spirited, in a light style of delicate lines and dots. Reni's technique was used by the Bolognese school and was the standard for Italian printmakers of his time.[10]
Reni died in Bologna in 1642. He is buried with Elisabetta Sirani in the Rosary Chapel of the Basilica of San Domenico in Bologna.
Pupils
Through his pupils, Reni had wide ranging influence on later Baroque. His most distinguished pupil was Simone Cantarini, named Il Pesarese; he painted a portrait of his master, now in the Bolognese Gallery. Other trainees were Antonio Buonfanti (il Torricello), Antonio Giarola (Cavalier Coppa), and Giovanni Battista Michelini. The Uffizi Gallery holds a self-portrait. Other pupils were Guido Cagnacci,[11] Giovanni Boulanger of Troyes,[12] Vincenzo Gotti of Bologna,[13] Emilio Savonanzi of Bologna,[14] Sebastiano Brunetti of Bologna,[15] Paolo Biancucci of Lucca,[16] Tommaso Campana of Bologna,[17] Domenico Maria Canuti of Bologna,[18] Pietro Ricci or Righi of Lucca,[19] Bartolomeo Marescotti of Bologna,[20] Pietro Lauri Monsu,[21] Giacomo Semenza,[22] Giovanni Maria Tamburino of Bologna,[23] Gioseffo and Giovanni Stefano Danedi,[24] Giovanni Giacomo Manno,[25] Carlo Cittadini of Milan,[26] Luigi Scaramuccia,[27] Bernardo Cerva,[28] Francesco Costanzo Cattaneo,[29] Francesco Gessi, and Marco Bandinelli.
Partial anthology of works
Self-Portrait
Callisto and Diana
Crucifixion of St Peter, Vatican, Rome
Christ Crucified, San Lorenzo in Lucina, Rome
Holy Trinity, Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini, Rome
Conception, Forlì
Alms of St. Roch, Bologna
Massacre of the Innocents, Bologna
Pietà, Bologna
Penitent Magdalene ca. 1635, Walters Art Museum, Baltimore[30]
Penitent Peter, Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art, Shawnee, Oklahoma
Lament over the Body of Christ, Chiesa dei Mendicanti, Bologna
Ecce Homo, Gemaldegälerie, Dresden
Saints Peter and Paul, Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan
Assumption of the Virgin, Sant'Ambrogio, Genoa
Assumption of Mary, Chiesa parrocchiale di Santa Maria, Castelfranco Emilia
St. Paul the Hermit and St. Anthony in the Wilderness, Berlin
Fortune, Capitol
Samson Drinking from the Jawbone of an Ass
Ariadne Capitoline Museums
Atalanta and Hippomenes 1612 Prado, Madrid[31]
Atalanta and Hippomenes 1622–25 Capodimonte, Naples[8]
Madonna del Rosario, Pinacoteca, Bologna
The Labors of Hercules, Louvre,
The Suicide of Lucrezia ca. 1625-40 São Paulo Art Museum, São Paulo
Lucrezia and Cleopatra, Pinacoteca Capitolina, Rome
San Sebastiano, Pinacoteca, Bologna
Saint Sebastian, Dulwich Picture Gallery; other versions are in the collections of the Cheltenham Art Gallery and Museum in the UK, the Palazzo Rosso in Genoa, the Capitoline Museum, the Louvre and at least 7 other known originals and multiple copies such as at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.
Saint John the Baptist in the Wilderness, Dulwich Picture Gallery
Adoration of the Magi, Certosa di San Martino, Naples
Judith, Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Lotta di Putti, Galleria Doria Pamphilj, Rome
The Louvre contains twenty of his pictures, the National Gallery of London seven, and others once there have now been removed to other public collections. Among the seven is the small Coronation of the Virgin, painted on copper. It was probably painted before the master left Bologna for Rome.
References and sources
References
oxfordartonline.com
Guido Reni: A Review Reviewed,Stephen D. Pepper; Richard E. Spear. The Burlington Magazine (1990)132(10): p219-223.
http://www.casinoaurorapallavicini.it/eng/index.htm
"rome - Google Maps".
"Aurora by RENI, Guido".
Cara Lane/PETTT. "Image Files--Frescos".
The victorious Samson (Wikicommons)
"Atalanta and Hippomenes by RENI, Guido".
"Kunstkammer of Władysław Vasa". kunstkammer_painting.html (in Polish). Retrieved 2008-08-27.
"printmaking". Encyclopedia Britannica.
Orlandi, Pellegrino Antonio; Guarienti, Pietro (1719), Abecedario Pittorico, Naples, p. 272
Orlandi, page 207.
Orlandi, page 425.
Orlandi, page 136.
Orlandi, page 398.
Orlandi, page 469.
Orlandi, page 416.
Orlandi, page 128.
Orlandi, page 378.
Orlandi, page 83.
Orlandi, page 335.
Orlandi, page 245.
Orlandi, page 249.
Orlandi, page 197.
Orlandi, page 308.
Orlandi, page 102.
Orlandi, page 307.
Orlandi, page 93.
Orlandi, page 90.
"Browse the Collection". The Walters Art Museum · Works of Art.
"Atalanta and Hippomenes by RENI, Guido".
"The Rape of Europa". www.nationalgallery.org.uk. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
Sources
Cavalli, Gian Carlo (ed.)Guido Reni exh. cat. Bologna 1954
Pepper, Stephen, Guido Reni, Oxford 1984
Marzia Faietti, 'Rome 1610: Guido Reni after Annibale Carracci' Print Quarterly, XXVIII, 2011, pp. 276–81
Guido Reni 1575-1642 (exhibition catalogue Pinacoteca Nazionale, Bologna; Los Angeles County Museum of art; Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth) Bologna 1988
Spear, Richard, The 'Divine' Guido: Religion, Sex, Money, and Art in the World of Guido Reni, New Haven and London, 1997
Hansen, Morten Steen and Joaneath Spicer, eds., Masterpieces of Italian Painting, The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore and London, 2005
"Printmaking". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 29 March 2007
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Guido Reni". Encyclopædia Britannica 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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