George Winter
Paintings
Scene on the Wabash
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Scene on the Wabash
George Winter (1810 – 1876) was an English-born American artist who was noted for his portraits of Native Americans and other figures of the American frontier.[1]
Biography
Winter was born in Portsea, Portsmouth, England to a cultured family and lived in an art atmosphere from early childhood. After private instruction, he entered the Royal Academy, London, where he lived and worked for four years. In 1830 he moved to New York City and continued his studies at the National Academy of Design. In 1835 he moved to Cincinnati, Ohio. On a trip to nearby Dayton, Ohio, he met Mary Jane Squier, whom he would marry in 1840. Hearing of the plight of northern Indiana's Potawatomi Indians, who were being removed to Kansas in what would later be called the "Potawatomi Trail of Death," Winter moved to Logansport, Indiana, in 1837 to document their culture. After 13 years in Logansport he moved to Lafayette, Indiana, where he lived until 1873, when he moved to California. In 1876 he returned to Lafayette, and soon after died suddenly while attending a meeting of railroad stockholders at Snyder's Opera House. He was buried in Lafayette's Greenbush Cemetery.
Significance of Winter's career
Winter's artistic work on the Indiana frontier was predated by Charles Alexandre Lesueur and Karl Bodmer. In a private letter Winter speaks of six paintings of the Tippecanoe battleground, noting that two of them had dimensions of 152 square feet (14.1 m2) each. He described the collection as being taken from different points of view and altogether conveying the idea of the battleground and of the “surrounding romantic country.” The most noteworthy and valuable work left by Winter was a collection of paintings that he had not sold. All came into the possession of Mrs. Cable Ball of Lafayette, who donated them to the Tippecanoe County Historical Association in 1986.
In addition to Winter’s paintings there is a large manuscript collection of Winter’s papers that has important historic value due to its intimate description of the Wabash Indians. Winter’s first-hand writings about the relocation of the Potawatomi and Miami tribes is of significant value. Winter is best known for his documentation of the life of Frances Slocum, a Quaker child who was abducted by Indians and who grew up to become the wife of an Indian chief.
Segments of the George Winter collection are now available online through a cooperative project of the Tippecanoe County Historical Association and Purdue University Libraries Archives and Special Collections.
Works
Oil Portraits
Portrait of Albert Cole, c. 1840, oil on canvas, Indianapolis Museum of Art
Portrait of Mary Galpin Cole, c. 1840, oil on canvas, Indianapolis Museum of Art
Frances Slocum Portrait, oil painting, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Oil Landscapes
Potawatomi Camp Scene, Crooked Creek, 1837, oil painting, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Scene on the Wabash (near Pipe Creek), c. 1840, oil on canvas, Indianapolis Museum of Art
Scene on the Wabash (alternate title, Indians along the Wabash), c. 1848, oil on canvas, Indianapolis Museum of Art
Landscape near Lafayette, 1850-1876, oil on canvas, Indianapolis Museum of Art
Nocturnal Landscape, after 1850, oil on canvas mounted to Masonite, Indianapolis Museum of Art
Spotted Faun, 1864, oil on canvas, Indianapolis Museum of Art
Landscape with Indians, oil on canvas, Indianapolis Museum of Art
Tipton Island Near Logansport, Indiana, oil on canvas, Indianapolis Museum of Art
Watercolor Portraits
Jim - God[f]roy, Indiana Indian (Godfroy, Jim, full-length portrait), 1837, watercolor with ink on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Kaw-Kawk-Kay, Indiana Potamatomi Tribal chief, 1837, watercolor with ink on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Wewissa, alternate title Wee-Wis-Saw, Indiana Potamatomi Indian, c. 1838, watercolor with ink on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Known as Mary Ann, daughter of Ben-Ache and wife of Pe-Ash-Wah, Indiana Indians, 1842, watercolor with ink on paper George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Miami Indian, called Ken-Tuck, Indiana Miami Indian, 1850, watercolor with ink on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Ben-Ache, alternate title Benache, Indiana Potamatomi Indian, c. 1860-1869, watercolor with ink on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Francis Godfroy, war-chief, Indiana Indian Tribal chief (Godfroy, Francis, 1788-1840), c. 1860-1876, watercolor portraits with ink on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association full-length portrait
Jim Godfroy, Indiana Indian (Godfroy, Jim), c. 1860-1876, watercolor on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Mendicant Indians, Indiana Indians, 1860-1876, watercolor on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Miami Indian no 21, Indiana Miami Indian, 1860-1876, watercolor on paper George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Miami Indian girl no 26, Indiana Miami Indian, 1860-1876, watercolor on paper George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Miss en nah go gwah, Indiana Potamatomi Indian (Miss-En-Nah-Go-Gwah), 1860-1876, watercolor on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Mother of We-Wis-Sa, Indiana Indians, 1860-1876, watercolor with ink on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
D-Mouche-Kee-Kee-Awh, Indiana Potamatomi Indian (Slocum, Francis, 1773-1847), c. 1863-1871, watercolor on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Frances Slocum and daughter, Indiana Indians, 1863-1871, watercolor on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Yo-Ca-Top-Kone, 1863-1871, watercolor on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Ash-Kum, Indiana Potamatomi Chief, watercolor on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Sun-Go-Waw, Indiana Potamatomi Indian, watercolor on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Watercolor Landscapes
Logansport Indiana, July 8, 1837, Indiana Indians, 1837, watercolor with ink on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Deaf Man's Village, Indiana Potamatomi village, c. 1860-1876, watercolor on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Indian burial, Kee-waw-nay Village 1837, Indiana Indians, c. 1860-1876, watercolor on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Nan-matches-sin-a-wa 1839, Chief Godfroy's home, Indiana Indians, 1860-1876, watercolor on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Indian Burial Kee-Waw-Nay Village 1837, c. 1863-1871, watercolor on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
Lake Man-i-tou, Devil's Lake, watercolor on paper, George Winter Collection at Tippecanoe County Historical Association
References
Opitz, Editor, Glenn B. (1987). Mantle Fielding's Dictionary of American Painters, Sculptors & Engravers. Poughkeepsie, NY: Apollo Book. p. 1047. ISBN 0-938290-04-5.
Sources
Kitty Dye, Meet George Winter: Pioneer Artist, Journalist, Entrepreneur, Port Clinton, OH: LeClere Publishing Company, 2001. ISBN 0-9702501-1-8
Christian F. Feest and R. David Edmunds (authors); and Sarah E. Cooke and Rachel Ramadhyani (eds.), Indians and a Changing Frontier: The Art of George Winter, Indianapolis, IN: Indiana Historical Society, 1993. ISBN 0-87195-097-9
The Journals and Indian Paintings of George Winter, 1837-1839, Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1948.
The Indiana Magazine of History, Vol. 1, Number 3, Third Quarter 1905
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