Felix-Joseph Barrias
The Temptation Of Christ By The Devil
Félix-Joseph Barrias (13 September 1822 – 24 January 1907) was a French painter. He was well known in his day for his paintings on religious, historical or mythical subjects, but has now been largely forgotten. Artists who trained in his studio and went on to achieve fame include Edgar Degas, Gustave Achille Guillaumet and Henri Pille.
Early years
Cincinnatus receiving the deputies of the Senate (1844)
Félix-Joseph Barrias was born on 13 September 1822 in Paris.[1] His brother was Louis-Ernest Barrias (1841-1905), who became a well-known sculptor.[2] His father was a painter on porcelain, and taught Félix-Joseph Barrias, who proved to be an adept pupil and was able to earn his own living by the age of 16.[3]
Félix-Joseph Barrias then studied under Léon Cogniet. He won the Prix de Rome in 1844 with his picture of Cincinnatus Receiving the Deputies of the Senate. This let him travel to Italy for further studies.[3] In 1847 he exhibited at the Salon for the first time with his Young Girl Carrying Flowers and Roman Spinner.[4] Barrias received a third class medal in 1847 and a first class medal in 1851. At the Exposition Universelle (1855) he received a second class medal.[5]
Career
Barrias made many paintings on religious, historical or mythical subjects. He also made frescoes for the Church of Saint-Eustache, Paris, Grand Hôtel du Louvre and Chapel of Saint Genevieve in the church of Sainte-Trinité, Paris.[4] He was commissioned in the 1860s to contribute an illustration to an album of works on prayer compiled by William Thompson Walters, as were other noted painters of the day such as William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Jean-Léon Gérôme and James Tissot.[6]
A large painting by Barrias was exhibited at the 1862 International Exhibition in London, depicting the French army landing in the Crimea.[7] In 1868 Barrias painted The Legend of the Golden Fleece on the ceiling of Drapers' Hall, London. Barrias created mural works for the Paris Opera of Charles Garnier, and in the 1880s painted a decoration for the Mercers' Hall in London.[8] Barrias exhibited portraits at the Salons of 1879, 1880 and 1881. He made lithograph illustrations for Didot's editions of Virgil and Horace.[4]
Barrias taught Edgar Degas (1834-1917) in 1853.[9][10] Other pupils included Gustave Achille Guillaumet (1840-1884),[11] Fernand Pelez (1848-1913),[12] Étienne-Prosper Berne-Bellecour (1838-1910),[13] Jehan Georges Vibert (1840-1902),[14] Henri Pille (1844-1897)[15] and Jean-Jacques Scherrer (1855-1916).[16] Barrias was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honour on 12 July 1859, and an officer on 3 February 1897. He died on 24 January 1907 at the age of 84.[1]
Reception
According to a contemporary critic, his art "is worthy of an artist who is always distinguished by a severe execution, a happy imagination, and a graceful conception of the whole effect. A painter of style, Felix Barrias has neither the solemnity nor the coldness of those who usually claim this title; very careful of the dignity of his art in these times of easy painting, he has never made a compromise with the taste of the day, and for this reason, in every essay on decorative art his name is written in advance.[17] However, his paintings have not stood the test of time, and he is now largely forgotten.[18]
Selected works
Anointing of David by Saul (1842)
The exiles of Tiberius (1850)
Anointing of David by Saul (1842) - Petit Palais, Paris
Cincinnatus Receiving the Deputies of the Senate (1844)
Sappho d'Ereze (1845) A photograph was published in A. Cipollini's 1890 Saffo, but the original has been lost.[19]
Young Girl Carrying Flowers (1847)
A Gaul and His Daughter Imprisoned in Rome (1847)
Roman Spinner (1847)
Exiles under Tiberius (1850) - purchased for the Gallery of the Luxembourg
Michel Angelo in the Sistine Chapel (1857)
Easter Communion (1861)
Picardy (1863) - allegorical picture for the grand stairway of the Museum of Amiens
The Repose (1866)
Electra at the Tomb of her Father (1875)
L'Homme est en mer! (1875) - subject from Victor Hugo
Eve (1877)
The Fairy of the Pearls (1878)
Mont-Dore in the time of Augustus (1882)
Death of Chopin (1885) The painting is in the National Museum, Kraków.[20]
The Triumph of Venus (1886)
Camille Desmoulins in the Palais Royal (1888)
Oriental woman (undated)
Woman Receiving the Eucharist (undated)
A Gaul and His Daughter Imprisoned in Rome (1847)
References
Citations
Barrias, Félix Joseph: Legion of Honor.
Soubies 1905.
Van Deusen 2007.
Viardot 1883, p. 35.
Viardot 1883, p. 36.
Johnston 1999, p. 36-37.
McDermott 1862, p. 207.
Willsdon 2000, p. 80.
Growe 2001, p. 8.
Boggs 1962, p. 85.
Champlin & Perkins 1887, p. 189.
Clair 2004, p. 100.
Paintings of the Day ... 1893, p. 460.
Shepherd Gallery 1975, p. 349.
Lobstein 2008, p. 49.
Reboullet, Seinguerlet & Mehl 1888, p. 360.
Viardot 1883, p. 35-36.
Johnston 1999, p. 37.
Reynolds 2010, p. 264.
Szabo 2009, p. 75.
Sources
"Barrias, Félix Joseph". Legion of Honor. January 1907. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
Boggs, Jean Sutherland (1962-01-01). Portraits by Degas. University of California Press. GGKEY:P9KUUQGDLZA. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
Champlin, John Denison; Perkins, Charles Callahan (1887). Cyclopedia of painters and paintings. C. Scribner's sons. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
Clair, Jean (2004). The Great Parade: Portrait of the Artist as Clown. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10375-5. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
Growe, Bernd (2001). Edgar Degas, 1834-1917. Taschen. ISBN 978-3-8228-1136-8. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
Johnston, William R. (1999-09-22). William and Henry Walters, the Reticent Collectors. JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6040-9. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
Lobstein, Dominique (2008). Défense et illustration de l'Impressionnisme: Ernest Hoschedé (1837-1891) et son "Brelan de salons" (1890). L'Échelle de Jacob. ISBN 978-2-913224-76-6. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
McDermott, Edward (1862). The popular guide to the International exhibition of 1862. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
"Paintings of the Day - "Intended" by Etienne Propser Berne-Bellcour". The Illustrated American, Volume 13. Illustrated American Publishing Company. 1893.
Reboullet, Adolphe Le; Seinguerlet, Eugène; Mehl, Charles (1888). Revue alsacienne. Nancy, Berger-Levrault et cie. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
Reynolds, Margaret (2010-12-15). The Sappho Companion. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4464-1376-0. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
Shepherd Gallery (1975). Ingres & Delacroix through Degas & Puvis de Chavannes: the figure in French art, 1800-1870. Shepherd Gallery. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
Soubies, Albert (1905). L.-E. Barrias (1841-1905): Notes biographiques. Flammarion.
Szabo, Jason (2009-05-08). Incurable and Intolerable: Chronic Disease and Slow Death in Nineteenth-Century France. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-4710-7. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
Van Deusen, Mary S. (2007). "Felix Joseph Barrias (1822-1907)". Retrieved 2014-02-08.
Viardot, Louis (1883). "Barrias, Félix-Joseph". The masterpieces of French art illustrated: being a biographical history of art in France, from the earliest period to and including the Salon of 1882. Gebbie. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
Willsdon, Clare A. P. (2000). Mural Painting in Britain 1840-1940: Image and Meaning. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-817515-5. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
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